A goal programming model to guide decision-making processes towards conservation consensuses

In this paper we propose a goal programming model that provides a consensual aggregated solution minimizing conflicts to guide multi-stakeholder decision-making processes and gen-erates information regarding stakeholder groups to be exploited for negotiation purposes. This model permits to quantify variations in conflicts when the relative contribution of each criteria changes and gives insight to negotiation strategies with application in conservation areas. A dataset of a case study in the Meseta Ibérica Biosphere Reserve (Portugal-Spain) was used to test and vali-date the model. Fifty people belonging to four groups (scientists, government, farmers and busi-nesspersons) assessed 20 management objectives in four dimensions: conservation, logistical sup-port, development, and governance. The results showed the highest conflicts to be found for fauna and flora, education, and guarantees objectives while the most conflictive groups were scientists and farmers. The proposed model substantially reduced the global and intergroup conflicts associ-ated to the same objectives, modelling the weights assigned to each objective in each dimension to find the most consensual/least conflictive solutions. This model can be a useful tool to improve complex decision-making processes in conservation areas with strong conflicts between stakehold-ers, such as transboundary biosphere reserves.This research was partially funded by FCT/MCTES through project grant UIDB/00690/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Enfoques y prácticas de Innovación en la arquitectura Española

Tomando como perspectiva cuatro campos de innovación: “Productos”, “Ciencia y Tecnología”, “Cultura, “Negocio”, se realiza un análisis cuantitativo de los enfoques y prácticas de Innovación de la arquitectura española en diferentes entornos de producción y pensamiento: la Universidad, los Colegios Oficiales, Empresas del sector y Estudios Profesionales de Arquitectos. Los resultados expresados de modo gráfico ofrecen una perspectiva global del estado de la innovación en arquitectura en el ámbito nacional, delatan el estado de la cuestión al mismo tiempo que permiten vislumbrar las líneas de una necesaria reestructuración. ABSTRACT. From the following fields of innovation: "Products", "Science and Technology", "Culture”, "Business", a quantitative analysis of approaches and practices of Innovation in Spanish architecture is carried out in different environments of production and thought, University, Architects' Societies, Companies in relationship with the sector and Architects' Professional Firms. The results expressed graphically offer a global perspective of Innovation in Spanish architecture, betray its deficiencies and allow to detect lines of a necessary restructuring

Ecosystem services, sustainable rural development and protected áreas

Enhancing social and economic development while preserving nature is one of the major challenges for humankind in the current century. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment showed an alarming degradation of ecosystems and exacerbated poverty for many groups of people across the world due to unprecedented changes in ecosystems caused by human activities in the 20th century. Sustainable Rural Development is key to maintaining active local communities in rural and semi-natural areas, avoiding depopulation, and preserving high-ecological-value sites, including protected areas. Establishing protected areas is the most common strategy to preserve biodiversity around the world with the advantage of promoting the supply of ecosystem services. However, depending how it affects economic opportunities and the access to natural resources, it can either attract or repel human settlements. The convergence of development and conservation requires decision-making processes capable of aligning the needs and expectations of rural communities and the goals of biodiversity conservation. The articles compiled in this Special Issue (nine research papers and two review papers) make important contributions to this challenge from different approaches, disciplines and regions in the world.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A new composite indicator to assess and monitor performance and drawbacks of the implementation of Aichi Biodiversity Targets

This paper proposes a new composite indicator for the assessment of the implementation of Aichi Targets (ATCI) following a benchmarking approach simultaneously considering performance and drawbacks. ATCI is based on 37 indicators related to the 5 Aichi Strategic Goals and its aggregated scores and ranks are calculated using three BoD-DEA models to integrate performance and drawback scores for Targets. ATCI was applied to 21 European countries and its scores were mapped and classified into four groups according to their location in performancedrawbacks space: S1) Caution, S2) Excellence, S3) Fragility and S4) Catching up. Countries in S1 and S3 are recommended to mitigate drawbacks to facilitate the implementation of the Aichi Targets. Results showed that 52% of the countries (Italy, Hungary, Greece, Czechia, Belgium, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Latvia, Slovenia and Slovakia) should pay urgent attention to the Aichi Targets since they show the highest limitations. Based on limitations, two country profiles were identified: countries with high economic development, high population density and corresponding impacts on biodiversity, and countries of medium/low economic development, weak governance and few drawbacks related to human impacts on the environment. These impacts, however, can be aggravated if their economic situation improves and institutional constraints are not addressed

Ecosystem services, sustainable rural development and protected areas

Enhancing social and economic development while preserving nature is one of the most significant challenges for humankind in the current century. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment showed an alarming degradation of ecosystems across the world due to unprecedented changes in land use and ecosystem management driven by human societies in the 20th century [1]. At the same time, poverty and extreme poverty persist in many regions of the world, especially in rural areas, despite programs focused on ecosystems or development and reduction of poverty [2]. Problems related to both ecosystem condition and poverty may be aggravated in the near future if ecosystem destruction and degradation are not reverted. The 2019 Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) report [3] highlights the deterioration of ecosystems and the reduction in the supply of ecosystem services worldwide due to increasing pressures and drivers of change in the last 50 years, which have rendered conservation (Aichi Biodiversity Targets) and sustainability (2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals) objectives impossible to achieve unless transformative changes take place in society at both local and global scales.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Developing Pilgrimage Tourism in Latin America: Lessons Learned from the Camino de Santiago

The Camino of Santiago has demonstrated its role as a strategic factor in the socio-economic development of territories. This paper presents a ‘tool kit’ based on Best Practice, aiming at designing, developing and operating pilgrimage routes in Latin America, inspired by the lessons learned from the Camino de Santiago strategies and policies. The methodology of the research for this paper is open-ended questionnaires to experts and institutions and online surveys to pilgrims. It also builds on a review of academic literature. The findings show that Latin America is a traditionally religious territory, with a high percentage of the population belonging to religious groups. Pilgrimages have a great potential to bring economic benefits to communities around existing routes and to enhance the development of new ones, which already take place organically but are not fully developed. There is a lack of involvement of the public sector in the design, planning and operation of these routes. Governance in creating policies and in their management is critical to success. Last but not least, strategic and focused marketing is needed where not all tools are valuable and efficient. The Way of Saint James is an inspiring example, but not all practices can be replicated or adapted. Further investigations could analyse other realities (such as Rome, Lourdes, Fátima, etc.) to provide a complete range of benchmarking and enrich the conclusions of this work. The proposed recommendations could be implemented in territories where primary conditions exist and significantly impact the improvement of existing pilgrimage tourism routes or contribute to the development of existing ones. In this work, the Camino has been subjectively considered (as suggested in certain scientific and academic work) as the master model for the development of pilgrimage tourism in territories where the potential for this product exists or can be improved. In this paper, these learnings are suggested in the context of Latin America

El cubrimiento sobre los temas de alimentación de dos medios de comunicación digitales en Colombia: eltiempo.com y elespectador.com.

La digitalización generó cambios trascendentales en la vida de las personas: en la cotidianidad, en las relaciones interpersonales, en el trabajo y en la manera como las personas consumen y producen información. Este trabajo analiza el contenido relacionado con alimentación de dos medios de comunicación digitales en Colombia: eltiempo.com y elespectador.com. La alimentación es un tema relevante y de interés general que cada vez cobra mayor importancia dados los impactos que genera la producción y consumo de alimentos, no solo en la salud de las personas, sino también en el desarrollo económico y social de las comunidades. En esa medida, los medios de comunicación están llamados a cubrir el tema con alta calidad y profundidad.#TemasAlimentaciónMediosComunicación#AlimentaciónMediosComunicaciónDigitalesColombiaEltiempoEspectador.com.World has become digital, generating far-reaching changes in people's lives: in the way we interact, in our interpersonal relationships, at work and in the way people consume and produce information. This paper analyzes the food-related content of two digital media in Colombia: eltiempo.com and elespectador.com. The impacts generated by food production and consumption, are relevant not only on people's health, but also in the economic and social development of communities. To that extent, the media are called upon to cover them with quality and rigor

A new composite indicator to assess and monitor performance and drawbacks of the implementation of Aichi biodiversity targets

This paper proposes a new composite indicator for the assessment of the implementation of Aichi Targets (ATCI) following a benchmarking approach simultaneously considering performance and drawbacks. ATCI is based on 37 indicators related to the 5 Aichi Strategic Goals and its aggregated scores and ranks are calculated using three BoD-DEA models to integrate performance and drawback scores for Targets. ATCI was applied to 21 European countries and its scores were mapped and classified into four groups according to their location in performance-drawbacks space: S1) Caution, S2) Excellence, S3) Fragility and S4) Catching up. Countries in S1 and S3 are recommended to mitigate drawbacks to facilitate the implementation of the Aichi Targets. Results showed that 52% of the countries (Italy, Hungary, Greece, Czechia, Belgium, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Latvia, Slovenia and Slovakia) should pay urgent attention to the Aichi Targets since they show the highest limitations. Based on limitations, two country profiles were identified: countries with high economic development, high population density and corresponding impacts on biodiversity, and countries of medium/low economic development, weak governance and few drawbacks related to human impacts on the environment. These impacts, however, can be aggravated if their economic situation improves and institutional constraints are not addressed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Seguridad e higiene en laboratorios de investigación y desarrollo

Treball presentat a la Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.Treball presentat a l'assignatura de Deontologia i Veterinària Legal (21223