891 research outputs found
Neural responses to facial and vocal expressions of fear and disgust
Neuropsychological studies report more impaired responses to facial expressions of fear than disgust in people with amygdala lesions, and vice versa in people with Huntington's disease. Experiments using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have confirmed the role of the amygdala in the response to fearful faces and have implicated the anterior insula in the response to facial expressions of disgust. We used fMRI to extend these studies to the perception of fear and disgust from both facial and vocal expressions. Consistent with neuropsychological findings, both types of fearful stimuli activated the amygdala. Facial expressions of disgust activated the anterior insula and the caudate-putamen; vocal expressions of disgust did not significantly activate either of these regions. All four types of stimuli activated the superior temporal gyrus. Our findings therefore (i) support the differential localization of the neural substrates of fear and disgust; (ii) confirm the involvement of the amygdala in the emotion of fear, whether evoked by facial or vocal expressions; (iii) confirm the involvement of the anterior insula and the striatum in reactions to facial expressions of disgust; and (iv) suggest a possible general role for the perception of emotional expressions for the superior temporal gyrus
Mutual Information of Population Codes and Distance Measures in Probability Space
We studied the mutual information between a stimulus and a large system
consisting of stochastic, statistically independent elements that respond to a
stimulus. The Mutual Information (MI) of the system saturates exponentially
with system size. A theory of the rate of saturation of the MI is developed. We
show that this rate is controlled by a distance function between the response
probabilities induced by different stimuli. This function, which we term the
{\it Confusion Distance} between two probabilities, is related to the Renyi
-Information.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted to PR
SatNOGS Project
Our project is to build and contribute improvements to an existing open source ground station design. This project called SatNOGS (Satellite Networked Open Ground Station) was started a year ago by the Libre Space Foundation in Athens, Greece to address the problem of data downlink from Low Earth Orbiting Satellites. We are most interested in improving the ease of construction of the ground station to enable more people to deploy ground stations
In vitro controlled drug release from contact lenses materials under physiological ocular tear flow
Poster presented at the 9th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology. Lisbon, 31 March-3 April 2014.BASF; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologi
Co-patents’ commercialization: evidence from China
Co-patents are outcomes of R&D collaboration, which has been
proven with higher-quality. Does this mean that high-quality patents
should also extend their advantage to the technology market?
Based on the transaction cost theory, we use the China
National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) database
and logit model to explore the effect of co-ownership on firms’
patent commercialization and the factors of co-patents that affect
their commercialization. Our findings illustrate that co-ownership
has a negative impact on patent commercialization. In addition,
the co-owner’s nature, country, and co-patent’s industry influence
the commercialization of co-patents. Firstly, a company and a university
or research institution’s co-owned co-patents are less likely
to be commercialization than a company and a company coowned
co-patents. Secondly, multi-countries co-owned co-patents
are less likely to be commercialization than a single-country coowned
co-patents. Thirdly, co-patents in high technology (hightech)
industries are less likely to be commercialization than copatents
in non-high-tech industries. This paper supports policymakers
in implementing policies to promote the co-patents’ commercialization.
Meanwhile, our paper suggests that to pursue the
economic value of the R&D collaborative intellectual property
fruits, R&D collaborative intellectual property fruits are not be
encouraged to be applied as the co-patents.European Union (EU)
TIN2016-75850-
Expression of apoptosis-related markers and clinical outcome in patients with advanced colorectal cancer
The clinical relevance of bax and bcl-2 protein expression has been investigated in 84 patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer submitted to a chemotherapy regimen including methotrexate and fluorouracil/leucovorin. Cytoplasmic immunostaining of bax and bcl-2 was present in 65.5% and 38%, respectively, of the tumours. No association was found between bax and bcl-2 or between p53 and bax or bcl-2 protein expression. Moreover, the biomarkers were unrelated to patient and tumour characteristics known to affect the clinical outcome of colorectal cancer patients. In general, the apoptosis-related markers did not appear indicative of short- and long-term clinical response nor of prognosis. Bcl-2-negative lesions were more frequent among patients who reached an objective clinical response, which is in agreement with previously reported data regarding other tumour types. When the interrelationship between p53 and bax expression was examined, a better response rate (40%) was found for patients whose tumours did not express p53 and bax, and a better prognosis (2-year probability of overall survival 75%) for patients with p53-positive and bax-negative tumours. In the present series of patients with advanced colorectal cancer submitted to systemic chemotherapy we did not find a clear association between expression of apoptosis-related markers and clinical outcome, even in the subset of patients in which the apoptotic index as determined by the TUNEL approach was investigated. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co
Population coding by globally coupled phase oscillators
A system of globally coupled phase oscillators subject to an external input
is considered as a simple model of neural circuits coding external stimulus.
The information coding efficiency of the system in its asynchronous state is
quantified using Fisher information. The effect of coupling and noise on the
information coding efficiency in the stationary state is analyzed. The
relaxation process of the system after the presentation of an external input is
also studied. It is found that the information coding efficiency exhibits a
large transient increase before the system relaxes to the final stationary
state.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, revised version, new figures added, to appear in
JPSJ Vol 75, No.
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