Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.,) Scop.] control in winter wheat

Non-Peer ReviewedField trials have been conducted since 1983 to evaluate herbicides for crop tolerance and Canada Thistle control in winter wheat. Winter wheat has shown excellent tolerance to a variety of herbicides, both fall and spring applied. Stage of development of shoot apices does not correlate with leaf number in winter wheat as it does in spring wheat. The Zadok scale of development may be preferable to leaf counts in winter wheat in establishing preferable time for treatment with herbicides. Preliminary indications are that the timing of application of systemic herbicides such as 2,4-D is not as critical in winter wheat as it is in spring wheat. Sampling adjacent to and in untreated Canada thistle patches demonstrated a competitive relationship between Canada thistle density and winter wheat yield. Good to excellent top growth control of Canada thistle has been obtained with clopyralid, chlorsulfuron, and metsulfuron applied in late spring. In general, top growth control of Canada thistle has been acceptable with 2,4-D and dicamba until late July. Significant yield increases of winter wheat with effective top growth control from spring-applied herbicides have not been obtained

Distribution, biology, and control of downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) in southwestern Saskatchewan

Non-Peer ReviewedDowny brome was likely introduced near Maple Creek in 1960, and has since spread to infest parts of four Agricultural Extension Districts in southwestern Saskatchewan (Maple Creek, Leader, Swift Current, Shaunavon). By 1987, a total of 150 downy brome reports from 72 townships have been confirmed. During the first weed survey of annual crop fields infested with downy brome, 35 fields were visited and the kinds and numbers of weeds were identified according to standardized weed survey procedures. Downy brome density averaged 213 plants per square metre, and associated weeds were Japanese brome, flixweed, green foxtail, and wild buckwheat. Japanese brome was found in 5 fields, and was less abundant than downy brome in the area surveyed. Large numbers of downy brome seeds (50,000 seeds per square metre) were extracted from soil samples. Downy brome seeds buried in soil germinated more rapidly than those seeds on the soil surface. Most downy brome seeds (98 %) buried 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, or 20.0 cm in soil germinated or deteriorated within 3 months. However, a few seeds remained viable in the soil after 3 months. Research is in progress to determine the relative winter hardiness of downy brome and winter wheat, and to develop chemical control methods

The Public Repository of Xenografts enables discovery and randomized phase II-like trials in mice

More than 90% of drugs with preclinical activity fail in human trials, largely due to insufficient efficacy. We hypothesized that adequately powered trials of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in mice could efficiently define therapeutic activity across heterogeneous tumors. To address this hypothesis, we established a large, publicly available repository of well-characterized leukemia and lymphoma PDXs that undergo orthotopic engraftment, called the Public Repository of Xenografts (PRoXe). PRoXe includes all de-identified information relevant to the primary specimens and the PDXs derived from them. Using this repository, we demonstrate that large studies of acute leukemia PDXs that mimic human randomized clinical trials can characterize drug efficacy and generate transcriptional, functional, and proteomic biomarkers in both treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory disease

Cultural networks between Portugal and Brazil: a postcolonial review

This paper aims to study notable examples of transatlantic transmissions of norms, beliefs and values that have revised the sense of a Luso-Brazilian community in a global world. The so-called Atlantic Civilization understood before as essentially Anglo-Saxon, takes a new shape when seen by the South Atlantic. If the historical relationship between Portugal and Brazil was one of colonial containment, since the nineteenth century those bilateral relations have passed through a process of reconciliation and networking - first through a mutual acceptance, then through the establishment of common international goals. On the one hand, this networking between Portugal and Brazil has occurred through public symbolic demonstration and the commemoration of a common culture; on the other hand, this networking has evolved through cultural connections - music, literature, and cinema, - all of which serve to validate a postcolonial review. Cultural connections that have survived the proverbial test of time have proven to be valuable in assessing the evolving relationship between Portugal and Brazil. Therefore, the Brazilian conscientiousness of its importance in the regional and world sphere involved the preparation of a Brazilian cultural diplomacy that recognized the political desire of diplomacy between Portugal and Brazil - a diplomacy that is largely demonstrative of the importance of soft power in a world of global networks.FCT - Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology, Portugal [SFRH/BD/89754/2012]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Current practice of pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): Still standardized or on the verge of diversification?

International audienc

The public repository of xenografts enables discovery and randomized phase II-like trials in mice.

More than 90% of drugs with preclinical activity fail in human trials, largely due to insufficient efficacy. We hypothesized that adequately powered trials of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in mice could efficiently define therapeutic activity across heterogeneous tumors. To address this hypothesis, we established a large, publicly available repository of well-characterized leukemia and lymphoma PDXs that undergo orthotopic engraftment, called the Public Repository of Xenografts (PRoXe). PRoXe includes all de-identified information relevant to the primary specimens and the PDXs derived from them. Using this repository, we demonstrate that large studies of acute leukemia PDXs that mimic human randomized clinical trials can characterize drug efficacy and generate transcriptional, functional, and proteomic biomarkers in both treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory disease