Implementation of a single monetary policy to achieve nominal and real convergence in the Еuropean union

U doktorskoj disertaciji razmatrana su teorijska i empirijska određenja nominalne i realne konvergencije u Evropskoj uniji u kontekstu implementacije jedinstvene monetarne politike zemalja članica Evropske unije, čime je istovremeno opredeljen predmet istraživanja. Bolje razumevanje primene jedinstvene monetarne politike afirmiše značaj istraživanja u ovoj oblasti a teorijska i empirijska analiza kreiraju rezultate koji će predstavljati značajan naučno praktičan doprinos. Na temelju adekvatne pripreme empirijskog istraživanja nalazi se i konstruktivna teorijska osnova, te je u kontekstu obezbeđivanja naučne zasnovanosti i adekvatne pripreme podataka konsultovan značajan broj autora i njihovih dela kako bi se obezbedio adekvatan teorijski okvir kao uvertira za empirijsko istraživanje. U empirijskom delu disertacije predstavljena su dva originalna konceptualno metodološka okvira analize. Entropijska analiza koja je zasnovana na analizi konvergencije i merenju regionalnih razlika među zemljama članicama je korišćena u cilju merenja visine i stepena ekonomske konvergencije. Strukturno modelovanje jednačina za razvrstavanje pojedinih instrumenata implementacije monetarne politike i empirijskog identifikovanja kvaliteta implementirane politike u Evropskoj uniji upotrebljeno je u cilju identifikovanja stepena nominalne i realne konvergencije. Rezultati istraživanja utvrdiće kauzalne odnose ekonomskih politika na cene i realnu ekonomiju, koji će ukazati na neophodnost jače i dublje koordinacije monetarne i fiskalne politike.Тhe doctoral dissertation discusses the theoretical and empirical determinants of nominal and real convergence in the European Union in the context of the implementation of the single monetary policy of the EU member states, which simultaneously determines the subject of research. A better understanding of the application of the single monetary policy affirms the importance of research in this area, and theoretical and empirical analysis creates results that will represent a significant scientific and practical contribution. Based on the adequate preparation of empirical research, there is a constructive theoretical basis, and in the context of providing scientific basis and adequate data preparation, a significant number of authors and their works were consulted in order to provide an adequate theoretical framework as an overture for empirical research. In the empirical part of the dissertation, two original conceptual and methodological frameworks of analysis are presented. Entropy analysis based on the analysis of convergence and the measurement of regional differences between member states was used in order to measure the amount and degree of economic convergence. The structural modeling of equations for the classification of individual instruments of monetary policy implementation and empirical identification of the quality of implemented policy in the European Union was used in order to identify the degree of nominal and real convergence. The results of the research will determine the causal relations of economic policies on prices and the real economy, which will indicate the need for stronger and deeper coordination of monetary and fiscal policy

Model oceny środowiskowej zrównoważonej konkurencyjnej turystyki opartej na entropii

Despite the valuable economic benefits of tourism, it must be highlighted that the tourism industry is an important source of stress for the environment with the main influence on tourist destinations. The aim of this study is to investigate the elements of environmental sustainability in tourism as key factors in the competitiveness of tourism using entropy methods. According to the authors’ knowledge, it is the first time that the entropy model applied to Environmental sustainability indicators, regarding entropy as a measure of non-uniformity among sustainability indicators of EU countries. The data of the EU were used and Environmental sustainability pillar of the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index. The results show that the total entropy of the competitiveness of tourism within the environmental sustainability sub-index of the EU countries speaks in favor of the uniformity of the indicators. The study also reveals significant differences among the EU27 in the domain of the Global Climate Risk index, Baseline water stress and Forest cover loss. Furthermore, convergence has been achieved so far in the indicators Red List Index and Environmental treaty ratification. Finally, the methodological approach of this study has the potential to be extrapolated worldwide, especially in the future era of global environmental problems.ważnym źródłem stresu dla środowiska, wpływającego na wybierane destynacje turystyczne. Celem niniejszej pracy jest zbadanie elementów zrównoważenia środowiskowego w turystyce jako kluczowych czynników konkurencyjności turystyki przy użyciu metod entropii. Według wiedzy autorów po raz pierwszy zastosowano model entropii do wskaźników zrównoważenia środowiskowego, traktując entropię jako miarę niejednorodności wskaźników zrównoważenia krajów UE. Wykorzystano dane z UE i filar zrównoważonego rozwoju środowiskowego Indeksu konkurencyjności w zakresie podróży i turystyki. Wyniki pokazują, że za jednolitością wskaźników przemawia łączna entropia konkurencyjności turystyki w ramach subindeksu zrównoważenia środowiskowego krajów UE. Badanie ujawnia również znaczne różnice między krajami UE-27 w dziedzinie globalnego wskaźnika ryzyka klimatycznego, podstawowego stresu wodnego i utraty pokrywy leśnej. Ponadto osiągnięto dotychczas zbieżność wskaźników Czerwonej Listy i ratyfikacji traktatu środowiskowego. Wreszcie, metodologiczne podłoże tego badania ma potencjał do ekstrapolacji na cały świat, zwłaszcza w erze globalnych problemów środowiskowych

Wild edible plants in gourmet offer of ecotourism destinations: Case from biosphere reserve "Golija-Studenica"

Closely related to traditional agriculture consumption of wild plants it significantly contributes to the existence of the human species. The aim of this paper is to determine the value of ethnobotanical parameters (RFC, CI, CV) for the most important species that participate in creating the gastronomic offer of ecotourism destinations. The research was conducted in the area of the Biosphere Reserve (BR) "Golija-Studenica" as one of the attractive ecotourism destinations and sites with a high degree of biodiversity. As part of the site visit and research, during the period 2018-2020, the authors used the ethnobotanical questionnaire to quantify and determine the value of each individual species that plays a role in local traditional gastronomy, and today is part of the tourist offer. The results indicate the existence of a culture of using natural resources and a high degree of use of wild species in traditional recipes. Among the most exploited species, wild berries like blueberries stand out, but some species of mushrooms.Publishe

ENTREPRENEURIAL ELEMENTS IN RURAL TOURISM - FINDINGS FROM PLS-SEM

The aim of this paper is to determine the interrelationship between innovation, proactivity and risk-taking, as a dimension of entrepreneurial orientation and their connection with relational capital, in order to indicate the entrepreneurial behavior that gives the best results for the development of sustainable rural tourism. The research was conducted on the basis of questionnaires collected on the territory of the Republic of Serbia during the year 2022. The data were analyzed using the PLS-SEM method. The results show a positive relationship between proactivity and innovation, between relational capital and innovation, and proactivity and relational capital, while a positive relationship between risktaking and innovation and risk-taking and relational capital was not confirmed. Results provide important elements for making decisions about innovation and competitiveness of rural tourism destinations

Rural tourism development in Rasina district

The purpose of this paper is to present the current situation in the development of rural tourism in the Rasina district, as well as to suggest possible solutions to the recorded problems. For that purpose, empirical research was conducted in Lomnica, Kupci, Kukljin, Jasika, Gornji Stepoš, Naupare, Trmčare on a sample of 288 respondents who live in these places and are engaged in agricultural work and rural tourism. The data obtained through the survey of respondents was processed and the t-test for independent samples was applied, as well as the analysis of variance. The obtained results indicate that there are no statistically significant differences in the attitudes of respondents in relation to gender and age. Also, it was determined that the respondents are aware of the advantages and disadvantages of the area in which they live regarding the development of rural tourism. In line with this, support and cooperation of the public and private sectors are needed, to improve the existing potential.Publishe

New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 14

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: diatom algae Cyclostephanos invisitatus, Cyclotella meduanae, and Stephanodiscus lacustris, mycorrhizal fungi Alessioporus ichnusanus and Amanita mairei, saprotrophic fungi Diaporthe oncostoma, Stropharia albonitens and Pseudomassaria chondrospora, lichenised fungus Acrocordia subglobosa, stonewort Chara connivens, mosses Buxbaumia viridis, Tortella fasciculata and Tortula protobryoides, monocots Epipactis pontica Gymnadenia frivaldii, and Orchis italica and dicots Callitriche brutia, Callitriche platycarpa and Epilobium nutans are given within SE Europe and adjacent regions

Određivanje koncentracije elemenata u medu ICP tehnikama i upoređivanje dobijenih koncentracija u zavisnosti od lokacije i vrste meda

Cilj rada je određivanje sadržaja makro/mikroelemenata i elemenata u tragovima u trideset osam uzoraka meda različitih vrsta (bagremov, šumski, livadski) i iz različitih krajeva Srbije (Toplički okrug, Zlatibor, Šabac, Beograd, Nova Pazova, Rtanj i Brus) i Crne Gore (Herceg Novi, Petrovac i Skadarsko jezero). Zatim, upoređivanje njihovih koncentracija zavisno od lokacije i vrste ispitivanog uzorka meda, kao i na šta ukazuju visoke ili niske koncentracije pojedinih elemenata. Elementi koji su određivani su Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cr, Cu, Al, Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn, S, P, As, metodama ICP – OES i ICP – MS

EUROPEAN CAPITALS OF CULTURE: CASE STUDY – ATHENS

Europe has always been a destination that has attracted tourists with its rich cultural and historical heritage. Changes in tourists’ needs and demands have led to significant alterations on the tourism market. In fact, there has been a development of different specific forms of tourism with increasingly larger significance, and among them cultural tourism stands out. The development of cultural tourism has led to the appearance of a project called “European Capitals of Culture” which enables select cities to present their cultural life and culture itself to the entire world. That way these cities realize numerous positive effects, promotion on the tourism market, but also a chance to be recognized by tourists as an attractive destination of cultural tourism. The aim of this work is to emphasize the significance of cultural tourism in Europe, primarily using Athens as an example, but also to point out the necessary changes in order to preserve cultural heritage of Europe.Key Words: culture, tourism, Athens, Europe, cultural heritage.JEL classification: Z3, Z3

Implications for employment in the period of two crises: Comparative study of the Balkans and the EU

One of the main problems the world is currently dealing with is unemployment. The characteristics of the labor market in the Republic of Serbia are long-term high unemployment rate, unfavorable qualification structure, high youth unemployment rate, regionally unequally distributed unemployment, and insufficient measures of active state employment policy. These characteristics point to complex issues that can be characterized as a type of labor market disparity. The problem is that the existing labor supply is finding it increasingly difficult to adapt to the changing demand for labor, which is associated with growing competition in the global market and accelerated technological change. The fact that Serbia's unemployment rates are higher than those of the EU's member states is particularly significant given that the Republic of Serbia's employment policy's primary objectives are the establishment of an effective, stable, and sustainable employment growth trend and the harmonization of employment policy and labor market institutions with the EU acquis. Insufficient use of human resources of a country has a direct impact on its economy and national income, which directly has negative repercussions on the living standards of the population and increasing poverty

Dark tourism in Serbia: Case study of the Kragujevački oktobar Memorial Park

The study presented in the paper employs the benefit-based approach to analyse the potentials of dark tourism as a context which outlines cultural tourism within a broader framework of contemporary tourism development. The focus of the research is the Kragujevački oktobar Memorial Park, which is one of the most infamous dark tourism spots in Serbia – well known among its residents as well as the Balkan region. The research looks into the travellers’ reasons for visiting the sight, their on-site experiences and benefits gained. The results of the study highlight the identified motivation and reasons for visiting the Memorial Park, as well as provide a comprehensive overview of the ways the visitors are affected