Pactos, coaliciones y resultados electorales: los efectos de la alianza entre el PSOE y Nueva Izquierda en las elecciones municipales de 1999

El objetivo de este artículo es especificar el efecto que tuvo la alianza electoral entre el PSOE y Nueva Izquierda sobre los resultados electorales del PSOE y de IU. La conclusión del análisis estadístico realizado es que la inclusión de afiliados de Nueva Izquierda en las listas del PSOE o del PSOE-Progresistas en ciertos municipios produjo que en esos lugares esta candidatura obtuviera mejores resultados. Además, la presencia de ese pacto afectó a los resultados de IU reduciendo su porcentaje de voto. Sin embargo, no toda la pérdida de votos experimentada por IU benefició a los socialistas. Los efectos sobre los resultados del PSOE fueron muy desiguales según las comunidades autónomas. El análisis por comunidades demuestra que los beneficios para el PSOE se limitaron sobre todo a una región: Castilla-La Mancha. Sólo en Castilla-La Mancha la pérdida de voto de IU se tradujo en un incremento aproximadamente equivalente de los resultados del PSOEThe goal of this article is to specify the effect of the electoral alliance that was established between the PSOE and Nueva Izquierda on the electoral results of the PSOE and IU in the 1999 local elections. The conclusions of the statistical analysis done is that the inclusion of members of Nueva Izquierda within the Socialist lists in some municipalities had the effect of improving the electoral results of the PSOE in these localities. Besides this, the alliance affected the electoral results of IU by making them worse. However, not all the vote losses experimented by IU benefited the Socialists. The effects on the electoral results of the PSOE were very unequal depending on the region. The analyses by region show that the benefits for the Socialists were limited to one region: Castilla-La Mancha. Only in Castilla-La Mancha the vote losses of IU produced a similar increase in the results of the PSOE

La organización del Congreso de los Diputados en el reglamento provicial de 1977

Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas, 1982.Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEProQuestpu

Down-regulation of a pectin acetylesterase gene modifies strawberry fruit cell wall pectin stracture and increases fruit firmness

Antisense-mediated down-regulation of several fruit-specific genes has previously demonstrated how the cell wall disassembly in strawberry fruit is mediated by a series of enzymes that act sequentially (Posé et al. 2011). An interesting example, the silencing of the polygalacturonase gene FaPG1, was also related with a significant increase of the post-harvest strawberry fruit firmness (Posé et al. 2013). Our research group has isolated a pectin acetylesterase gene, FaPAE1, which expression is enhanced during strawberry ripening. The main goal of this work was to elucidate the role of the degree of acetylation in cell wall integrity and fruit firmness through the antisense-mediated down-regulation of FaPAE1 in strawberry plants. Several transgenics lines were generated and 5 of them produced fruits 5-15% firmer than controls. Cell wall from ripe fruits was isolated from two independent transgenic lines and a control line, and sequentially extracted with different solvents (PAW, H2O, CDTA, Na2CO3). Modifications in fraction yield, its sugar composition and the degree of acetylation in each fraction were determined. Higher amounts of CDTA and Na2CO3 fractions were obtained in transgenic fruits, suggesting a decreased pectin solubilization as results of FaPAE1 silencing. Accordingly, the degree of acetylation of the Na2CO3-soluble pectins was greater in the transgenic lines than the control, but the opposite result was found in pectins from the CDTA fraction. These results suggest that PAE is preferentially active in pectis that are tightly bound to the cellulose-hemicellulose network and its activity could reduce the complexity of the cell wall structure, allowing that other hydrolytic enzymes could access the pectin chains. Thus, the increased fruit firmness observed in the transgenic FaPAE1 lines could be attributed to the direct effect of the silencing of the PAE enzyme and also to the indirect effect that the increase of the degree of acetylation of pectins has on the activity of other enzymes involved in the cell wall degradation. * Posé et al. (2011). Genes, Genomes and Genomics, 5 (Special Issue 1):40-48 * Posé et al. (2013). Plant Physiology, 150: 1022-1032 We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and competitivity and Feder EU Funds (grant reference AGL2011-24814), FPI fellowships support for SP (BES-2006-13626) and CP (BES-2009027985), and grant "Ramón y Cajal" support for AJMA (RYC-2011-08839).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

El impacto de la acción parlamentaria en una política gubernamental: el caso de la política turística española

Tourism is one of the world’s largest industries and a key sector in Spain. Tourism has become part of governmental programmes since its development in the country, and the Spanish Government has developed a specific tourism public policy since 1978. Nevertheless, tourism is a controversial issue that involves different types of positive and negative impacts. The aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between the Legislature and governmental tourism policy by exploring the extent to which the parliamentary groups –and, especially, the opposition– have had an impact in the policy design process. Even if it is commonly assumed that legislatures play a relatively residual role in the process of policy formulation, our aim is to empirically assess the degree to which this is really the case for tourism policies in Spain. The most significant conclusions of our study are that in Spain we find a high consistency and similarity of the contents of legislative proposals by the parliamentary groups during the last thirty years, and that Parliament has played mostly a reactive (rather than active) role in this field.La variedad de análisis sobre el Parlamento, tanto desde un enfoque de cultura política como desde un enfoque institucionalista, pueden ordenarse atendiendo al criterio de cuáles son los elementos del sistema político que son observados por el investigador para analizar el Parlamento

El rendimiento del Congreso de los Diputados en relación con una política pública: análisis de las iniciativas parlamentarias sobre turismo (1978-2004)

El presente trabajo es resultado de una investigación en curso sobre la relación que existe entre el Parlamento, más específicamente el Congreso de los Diputados, y los procesos de elaboración de las políticas públicas en España. Nuestro objetivo es profundizar en el análisis de las funciones del Parlamento –legislación, control y vinculación entre sociedad y autoridades del sistema político– desde una perspectiva sistémica que contemple el despliegue de estas funciones relacionándolas con las políticas públicas. En esta primera fase de la investigación utilizamos datos de la actividad realizada por el Congreso de los Diputados en relación con una política concreta, la política turística; el periodo que estudiamos va desde la Legislatura Constituyente hasta el final de la VII Legislatura. La política turística es un espacio de trabajo de envergadura diferente al de otras políticas consideradas centrales en el Estado de Bienestar, como sanidad o educación, pero con varias características que la convierten en un caso de interés. Es, en primer lugar, un ámbito de trabajo de naturaleza claramente transversal que, además, está directamente relacionado con los nuevos retos postmaterialistas que enfrentan las sociedades actuales y, por último, es una arena diferenciada, pero también un sector estratégico de la economía nacional, lo que la convierte en una política situada en lo que las posiciones teóricas convergentes de pluralistas y marxistas denominan «zona cautiva». En el trabajo se presenta un primer análisis cuantitativo del rendimiento parlamentario en relación con la política turística que permite extraer algunas conclusiones sobre los límites y potencialidades de este tipo de análisis y sobre el rol que puede ocupar el Parlamento en la elaboración, implantación o evaluación de una política concreta

Measuring smoothness as a factor for efficient and socially accepted robot motion

Social robots, designed to interact and assist people in social daily life scenarios, require adequate path planning algorithms to navigate autonomously through these environments. These algorithms have not only to find feasible paths but also to consider other requirements, such as optimizing energy consumption or making the robot behave in a socially accepted way. Path planning can be tuned according to a set of factors, being the most common path length, safety, and smoothness. This last factor may have a strong relation with energy consumption and social acceptability of produced motion, but this possible relation has never been deeply studied. The current paper focuses on performing a double analysis through two experiments. One of them analyzes energy consumption in a real robot for trajectories that use different smoothness factors. The other analyzes social acceptance for different smoothness factors by presenting different simulated situations to different people and collecting their impressions. The results of these experiments show that, in general terms, smoother paths decrease energy consumption and increase acceptability, as far as other key factors, such as distance to people, are fulfilled.Regional Project AT17-5509-UMA ‘ROSI’ (Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación—PAIDI 2020, Junta de Andalucía) UMA18-FEDERJA-074 ‘ITERA’ (Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020. Convocatoria 2018

Employment of conventional and flash pyrolysis for biomass wastes from the textile industry with sustainable prospects

Producción CientíficaThe textile industry generates millions of tons of waste annually, making this sector one of the most polluting in the world. The objective of this research was to study the energy potential of three industrial textile wastes of vegetable and animal origin: CW (card waste), SFW (short fibre waste) and W (wool), using conventional and flash pyrolysis at 500 °C and 750 °C. CW and SFW thermogravimetric profiles were very different from W. In general, the bio-oil yield was higher in the conventional and in the low-temperature flash pyrolysis (up to 55 %). The gas obtained by flash pyrolysis at 750 °C has higher flue gas content and lower CO2 content so their high heating value (HHV) is higher (up to 15.34 MJ/kg). Bio-oils obtained by flash pyrolysis at high temperature stood out for their higher HHV (>30 MJ/kg), with the highest value (34.15 MJ/kg) obtained from SFW waste. Both low temperature flash pyrolysis and conventional pyrolysis produce bio-oils that contain aromatic (35–48 %) and non-aromatic (18–34 %) organic compounds. Additionally, they have high levels of phenols and benzenes. High-temperature flash pyrolysis bio-oils are mainly composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The textile samples are suitable for an energetic valorisation, highlighting the best SWF behaviour.Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) grant JAE INTRO ICU SCHOLARSHIP 2019 [Ref. JAEICU-19-INCAR-15]Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and (UE) projects (PDC2022-133394-I00) and (PID2021-124347OB-I00

Paramagnetic spherical nanoparticles by the self-assembly of persistent trityl radicals

Spherical nanoparticles and fibres observable by cryo-electron microscopy are spontaneously formed by the Finland trityl radical at concentrations above 15 mM. These species represent a new class of paramagnetic, metal-free, nanoscale supramolecular materials. Self-association was observed under a variety of experimental conditions, including aqueous solution at room temperature, low temperature frozen glasses and the gas phase. Oligomers formed by at least 5 Finland radicals were detected by ion-mobility mass spectrometry. Magnetic susceptibility data as well as low temperature EPR spectra show coupling between electronic spins in the self-assembled species. Quantum chemical calculations show stacking along the C3 symmetry axis. Nanoparticle formation requires additional lateral packing that can be provided by bydrogen bonding involving the triangular array of carboxylic acid groups leading to the assembly of geodesic spheres

Efectividad de un Programa de Mindfulness para reducir el Burnout en profesionales de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado

Los profesionales de las unidades de cuidados intensivos presentan un alto riesgo de desarrollar lo que conoce como síndrome del quemado o Burnout, con una prevalencia entre el 15 y el 25 %. Además, la llegada de la Covid-19 ha aumentado enormemente la carga de trabajo en estas unidades. Es por ello necesario implementar medidas en este sector para reducir el grado de Burnout. Una de las intervenciones que muestra mayor grado de eficacia en este ámbito es Mindfulness. Así, el objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar la efectividad de un programa de mindfulness para reducir el Burnout en los profesionales de una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio con diseño intrasujeto pre-post intervención en el servicio de medicina intensiva de un hospital público de segundo nivel. Un total de 66 profesionales decidieron participar en él voluntariamente, siendo divididos de manera aleatoria en un grupo control y un grupo experimental. El programa se realizó en un período de 8 semanas. Se midió el grado de Burnout a través del cuestionario Maslach burnout inventory-human social service antes y después de la intervención. Como resultado se produjo una disminución del grado de Burnout en el grupo experimental, especialmente en la subescala de cansancio emocional, mientras que en el grupo control aumentó, sin embargo no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Como conclusión, una intervención basada en Mindfulness de forma no presencial, en profesionales sanitarios de una unidad de cuidados intensivos podría reducir el grado de Burnout.Professionals in intensive care units have a high risk of developing what is known as Burnout syndrome, with a prevalence between 15 and 25%. Furthermore, the arrival of Covid-19 has greatly increased the workload in these units. It is therefore necessary to implement measures in this sector to reduce the degree of Burnout. One of the interventions that shows the greatest degree of efficacy in this area is Mindfulness. Thus, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a mindfulness program to reduce Burnout in professionals in an intensive care unit. To do this, a study with a pre-post intervention within-subject design was carried out in the intensive care unit of a second-level public hospital. A total of 66 professionals decided to participate voluntarily, being randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The program was carried out in a period of 8 weeks. The degree of Burnout was measured through the Maslach Burnout Inventoy-Human Social Service questionnaire before and after the intervention. As a result, there was a decrease in the degree of Burnout in the experimental group, especially in the emotional exhaustion subscale,while it increased in the control group, however, no statistically significant differences were observed. In conclusion, an intervention based on Mindfulness in a non-face-to-face way, in health professionals of an intensive care unit, could reduce the degree of Burnout

Self-assembled trityl radical capsules implications for dynamic nuclear polarization

A new class of guest-induced, bi-radical self-assembled organic capsules is reported. They are formed by the inclusion of a tetramethylammonium (TMA) cation between two monomers of the stable trityl radical OX63. OX63 is extensively used in dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) where it leads to NMR sensitivity enhancements of several orders of magnitude. The supramolecular properties of OX63 have a strong impact on its DNP properties. An especially relevant case is the polarization of choline-containing metabolites, where complex formation between choline and OX63 results in faster relaxation