Novel Humanized Recombinant T Cell Receptor Ligands Protect the Female Brain After Experimental Stroke

Transmigration of peripheral leukocytes to the brain is a major contributor to cerebral ischemic cell death mechanisms. Humanized partial major histocompatibility complex class II constructs (pMHC), covalently linked to myelin peptides, are effective for treating experimental stroke in males, but new evidence suggests that some inflammatory cell death mechanisms after brain injury are sex-specific. We here demonstrate that treatment with pMHC constructs also improves outcomes in female mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). HLA-DR2 transgenic female mice with MCAO were treated with RTL1000 (HLA-DR2 moiety linked to human MOG-35-55 peptide), HLA-DRa1-MOG-35-55, or vehicle (VEH) at 3, 24, 48, and 72 h after reperfusion and were recovered for 96 h or 2 weeks post-injury for measurement of histology (TTC staining) or behavioral testing. RTL1000- and DRa1-MOG-treated mice had profoundly reduced infarct volumes as compared to the VEH group, although higher doses of DRa1-MOG were needed for females vs. males evaluated previously. RTL1000-treated females also exhibited strongly improved functional recovery in a standard cylinder test. In novel studies of post-ischemic ultrasonic vocalization (USV), as measured by animal calls to their cage mates, we modeled in mice the post-stroke speech deficits common in human stroke survivors. The number of calls was reduced in injured animals relative to pre-MCAO baseline regardless of RTL1000 treatment status. However, call duration was significantly improved by RTL1000 treatment, suggesting benefit to the animal’s recovery of vocalization capability. We conclude that both the parent RTL1000 molecule and the novel non-polymorphic DRα1-MOG-35-55 construct were highly effective immunotherapies for treatment of transient cerebral ischemia in females

STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOUR PATTERN AND INDIVIDUALISATION OF FELIDAE FAMILY IN WILDLIFE FORENSICS

Wildlife forensic is the implementation of the combined sciences, natural and cultural science. The court of law focused on the regulation of wildlife protection and conservation. Criminals that regulate illicit trade across nations and continents face the most significant threat. The tiger is the largest of all cats, the most iconic, and one of the most endangered. Due to its higher trading value, those animals are unlawfully slaughtered or poached for black-marketing, medical use and jewellery products. Tiger or leopard protection indirectly protects habitats and ecological health. By transmitting signals through vision, scent marks and voices, they are socially connected. Because of the dramatic reduction in tiger numbers, studying their behaviour habits is very difficult. Therefore, in this study, the Indian Leopard and Bengal Tigers [Felidae-family] are studied using the non-destructive approach through its claw nail markings. The transactional survey was the approach adopted for collecting data-signs of tiger nail bruises. This review focuses on the study of their behavioural habits and extensively study them for their conservation. &nbsp

(2012 - 2013) Assembly Resolution 32: In Support of Texas THON

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