Feminist Virtue in M. Karunanidhi’s Works

Virtue means the worldly life, godliness and morals which leads people to good morals. From ancient times till today, people have highlighted about worshiping God and giving material things to others. Wherever there is a human life there must be a kind of moral feeling. Therefore, human virtue is related to human beings, many things are necessary for a human being to live alone in the society. Tamil literature tells us how to earn these things in a good way. Now-a-days the field of Tamil literature is creative. Writers of Tamil literature writes their work with the theme of social change and it helps the reader to attain some kind of moral behaviour too. Theories like modernism, postmodernism, Dalitism, feminism are strengthening the relationship between society and literature. Women writers have started to emerge in contemporary Tamil literature focusing on women's liberation. M. Karunanidhi has shown the virtues of women characters in his works with the concern that women should improve their lives with this vision

Antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and anticancer properties of biofabricated nanoparticles derived from animal source

Green science has been witnessed in the advancement with nanobiotechnology enriched with nature-associated biogenesis of nanoparticles over the last three decades. Noble elements, including gold and silver, are the most promising developing trend in nanotechnology for designing bioengineering materials that might be used as modern diagnostic instruments and tools to combat major diseases. Silver and gold nanoparticles possess strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and anticancer properties that enable the development of new processes with enhanced and target-specific actions. Siver and gold nanoparticles were synthesized using Prawn Head Extract (PHE) and characterized in a previous study. The objective of the present work was to investigate the antioxidant, cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of biosynthesized nanoparticles. The antioxidant properties were analysed by the DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay, and the IC50 values were 1020 μg/mL for silver nanoparticles and 649 μg/mL for gold nanoparticles. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the vero cell line and anticancer activity in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were determined using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The cytotoxicity assay revealed IC50 values of approximately 118.75 and 93.75 μg/mL in silver and gold nanoparticles, respectively. The anticancer activity in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 showed IC50 values of approximately 93.75 and 46.8 μg/mL in silver and gold nanoparticles, respectively. The MTT assay, microscopic examination and DNA fragmentation assays confirmed morphological changes, membrane damage, cell shrinkage and mortality. Conclusively, the study revealed dose-dependently promising effects and can be further exploited in the field of biomedicine as a potential source with a standardized protocol for application

A study on indications, complications and its management of Intestinal Stoma

BACKGROUND: 1. To study the various types of intestinal stomas and their indications. 2. To identify the various complications encountered that occur after the construction of intestinal stomas. 3. To assess the ways in which these complications can be minimized and managed in a better way. Our purpose in this study is to identify varies indications, complications and management of intestinal stoma. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This is prospective cum retrospective study include 100 patients who admitted in both emergency and elective state in all surgical units of dept of general surgery, surgical gastroenterology and paediatric surgery, Govt. Stanley Medical college & hospital, Chennai. The duration of study period from august 2012 to august 2014. Data was collected from all patients who was admitted in Government Stanley medical college and patients was included those who come under the inclusion criteria. RESULTS : The maximum number of patients were in the group of 26-35 and 46-55 (n=25). Most of the patient’s age group between 26-55 years there are likely undergoes loop ileostomy. Less than 1 year of age there are likely undergoes loop colostomy. Most of the patient undergoes stoma as an emergency procedure rather than elective procedure. Most of the patients stayed in hospital approximately 16-20 days (32%). The most common indications for stoma construction was gastrointestinal malignancy (25%) followed by abdominal trauma (22%). The most common type of stoma constructed was ileostomy (80%). In ileostomy, loop ileostomy was most common (60%), followed by end ileostomy (20%). The next most common stoma constructed was colostomy (19%). In colostomy most common was loop sigmoid colostomy (7%), followed by loop transverse colostomy (6%) The most common complication observed in stoma construction was skin excoriations (52.4%), followed by laparotomy wound infection (8.5%).It show there is significant relationship between indication for stoma and complications due to stoma construction (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion the study showed stoma construction high in adult and old age group, mostly done as an emergency procedure compared to elective procedure. Mostly ostomy done for diversion for obstruction or perforation in malignancy and perforation in trauma patients. Most common stoma constructed was loop ileostomy followed by end ileostomy with mucus fistula. There is high incidence of peristomal complication related to that. The complication better managed with proper preoperative planning with effective stoma care in post operative period

Efficacy of silver and gold nanoparticles obtained from vermiwash: In vitro study on antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities

Emerging nanobiotechnology has provided innovative techniques to synthesize nanoparticles through biological methods to explore the potentialities of biological sources like phytoextracts, microbes, animal secretions and excretion. This research studies the potential of vermiwash to synthesize the silver and gold nanoparticles and evaluate its in vitro effect of antimicrobial   and antidiabetic activities. The characterization of the nanoparticles was analyzed through various techniques. Ultraviolet (UV)-Visible spectroscopy showed the maximum absorption spectrum at 413 nm for silver and 541 nm for gold nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the reducing agent involved in nanoparticles synthesis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the size of the silver and gold nanoparticles as 24 nm and 50 nm, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis revealed the elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles that displayed the preferential orientation of the crystals toward the (111) plane.  Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the resazurin assay method.  A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 7.8 µg was observed in Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the antifungal activity, MIC at 250 µg was noted in Mucor sp. and Candida albicans. Antidiabetic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. IC50 of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of the silver nanoparticles was noted as 218 and 221 µg/mL, respectively. IC 50 value for the enzymatic assay dose-dependently confirmed the effect. Conclusively biosynthesized nanoparticles from vermiwash showed potential efficiency of antibacterial, antifungal and antidiabetic activities

Antimicrobial activity and corrosion inhibition property of Schiff bases derived from Imidazole

Schiff base ligands such as Methyl 4-[(2-butyl-4-chloro-5-formyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]benzoate thiosemicarbazone (L1) and 2-butyl-4-chloro-5-formylimidazole 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrzone (L2) are designed and synthesized via the reaction between methyl 4-[(2-butyl-4-chloro-5-formyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]benzoate  &amp; thiosemicarbazide for L1and 2-butyl-4-chloro-5-formylimidazole &amp; 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine for L2.Schiff bases are characterized by FT-IR, UV-visible, mass spectrometry,1H and 13CNMR spectral studies. These ligands are individually tested for their antimicrobial activities for both gram positive and gram negative to examine their inhibition potential by well diffusion method. The corrosion inhibition property of all the three ligands L1,L2&amp; L3 on mild steel in 0.5 N HCl solution has been investigated at different concentrations and different temperatures by weight loss method.The biological activity of  L2 has shown better activity against gram negative bacteria such as E-coli,Klebsiella pneumonia,Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa andgram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus when compared to standard ligand L3. All the three ligands exhibit good corrosion inhibition property on mild steel in 0.5N HCl solution even at 0.1% concentration level and the rate of corrosion of mild steel is increased with increase of temperature of corrosion medium.

5-Acetyl-4-(2-chloro­phen­yl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro­pyrimidine-2(1H)-thione

In the title mol­ecule, C13H13ClN2OS, the heterocyclic ring adopts a flattened boat conformation with the plane through the four coplanar atoms making a dihedral angle of 85.6 (1)° with the benzene ring, which adopts an axial orientation. The thionyl, acetyl and methyl groups all have equatorial orientations. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O, N—H⋯S and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds are found in the crystal structure. A weak C—H⋯π inter­action involving the benzene ring also occurs

1-Acetyl-2-r,6-c-bis­(4-chloro­phen­yl)-3-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetra­hydro­pyridin-4-yl acetate

In the title compound, C22H21Cl2NO3, the pyridine ring adopts a half-chair conformation and the 4-chloro­phenyl groups occupy axial positions. The 4-chloro­phenyl groups are almost perpendicular to the plane of the tetra­hydro­pyridine ring forming dihedral angles 84.62 (6) and 85.55 (5)°; the dihedral angle between the two 4-chloro­phenyl rings is 12.16 (4)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions

1-Methyl-3,5-bis­[(E)-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)methyl­ene]piperidin-4-one monohydrate

In the title mol­ecule, C18H19NOS2·H2O, the piperidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the methyl substituent in an equatorial position. Each of the olefinic double bonds has an E configuration. The dihedral angle between the two thio­phene rings is 6.04 (14)°. The water mol­ecule forms two donor inter­actions, one with the carbonyl O atom and the other to the hetero N atom. The centrosymmetric {C18H19NOS2·H2O}2 pairs thus formed are linked into a supra­molecular chain via C—H⋯Owater contacts

Redetermination of poly[μ-chlorido-hepta­chlorido-μ3-l-proline-μ2-l-proline-tetra­mercury(II)]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Hg4Cl8(C5H9NO2)2]n, consists of four HgCl2 units and two L-proline ligands in the zwitterionic form. In each HgCl2 unit, the HgII ion is strongly bonded to two Cl atoms, and the HgII ions in two of the HgCl2 units are chelated by O atoms of two l-proline ligands, with one strong and one weak Hg—O bond. In the crystal structure, HgCl2 and L-proline units are linked to form an extended chain along the a axis. The chain structure is further stabilized by N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, and the chains are arranged in layers parallel to the ab plane. The structure of the title compound was originally determined by Ehsan, Malik & Haider [(1996). J. Banglad. Acad. Sci. 20, 175] but no three-dimensional coordinates are available

An Adaptive Feed-Forward Phase Locked Loop for Grid Synchronization of Renewable Energy Systems under Wide Frequency Deviations

Synchronization is a crucial problem in the grid-connected inverter’s control and operation. A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a typical grid synchronization strategy, which ought to have a high resistance to power system uncertainties since its sensitivity influences the generated reference signal. The traditional PLL catches the phase and frequency of the input signal via the feedback loop filter (LF). In general, to enhance the steady-state capability during distorted grid conditions generally, a filter tuned for nominal frequency is used. This PLL corrects large frequency deviations around the nominal frequency, which increases the PLL’s locking time. Therefore, this paper presents an adaptive feed-forward PLL, where the input signal frequency and phase under large frequency deviations are tracked precisely, which overcomes the above-mentioned limitations. The proposed adaptive PLL consists of a feedback loop that reduces the phase error. The feed-forward loop predicts the frequency and phase error, and the frequency adaptive FIR filter reduces the ripples in output, which is due to input distortions. The adaptive mechanism adjusts the gain of the filter in accordance with the supply frequency. This reduces the phase and frequency error and also decreases the locking time under wide frequency deviations. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive feed-forward PLL, the system was tested under different grid abnormal conditions. Further, the stability analysis has been carried out via a developed prototype test platform in the laboratory. To bring the proposed simulations into real-time implementations and for control strategies, an Altera Cyclone II field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board has been used. The obtained results of the proposed PLL via simulations and hardware are compared with conventional techniques, and it indicates the superiority of the proposed method. The proposed PLL effectively able to tackle the different grid uncertainties, which can be observed from the results presented in the result section