Solar Cell Parameters Extraction from a Current- Voltage Characteristic Using Genetic Algorithm

The determination of solar cell parameters is very important for the evaluation of the cell performance as well as to extract maximum possible output power from the cell. In this paper, we propose a computational based binary-coded genetic algorithm (GA) to extract the parameters (I0, Iph and n) for a single diode model of solar cell from its current-voltage (I-V) characteristic. The algorithm was implemented using LabVIEW as a programming tool and validated by applying it to the I-V curve synthesized from the literature using reported values. The values of parameters obtained by GA are in good agreement with those of the reported values for silicon and plastic solar cells. change to “After the validation of the program, it was used to extract parameters for an experimental I-V characteristic of 4 × 4 cm2 polycrystalline silicon solar cell measured under 900 W/m. The I-V characteristic obtained using GA shows excellent match with the experimental one. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3100

Minimising ground movements around deep excavations in soft soils

This research concerns the influence of a range of construction methods, acting at or below excavation formation level, on ground movements of the retained surface attributed to a 12m deep excavation in very soft to soft soil. Movements around excavations arise as a consequence of the removal of soil and lateral wall deformations. The work examined the behaviour of excavations that were supported by a high stiffness embedded retaining wall whilst modelling a variety of construction techniques. Four distinct construction methods were modelled which could be regarded as surcharging the formation level or stiffening the ground below excavation formation level. The specific techniques that were explored include underwater excavations, bermed excavations, deep soil mixing and double walled excavations. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of these construction measures on reducing the magnitude and extent of displacements occurring behind the retaining wall. Experimental data were obtained from twenty-two plane strain centrifuge model tests undertaken at 160g. The geometry of the model comprised a pre-formed excavation where the retaining wall was laterally supported by a continuous prop acting over the majority of the height of the wall and the excavation formation level was surcharged by a pressurised rubber bag. Pressure in the bag at formation level was reduced at a constant rate to simulate the stress change caused by the excavation process. Vertical movements at the retained ground surface were measured using displacement transducers whilst subsurface deformations elsewhere in the model were determined from the analysis of digital images captured by cameras viewing the front of the model through a Perspex window. The magnitude and extent of movements were quantified and the general patterns of ground deformation were identified for the construction methods implemented. A series of reference tests were conducted to provide a baseline against which modified excavation tests were compared. The stiff wall and continuous prop supporting the retaining wall ensured that the reference tests quantified the magnitude of displacements at the retained surface arising simply as a result of heave at the formation level. The main test series investigated a range of construction methods that aimed to surcharge or stiffen the formation level. Additional tests were also undertaken to evaluate the influence of wall embedment on the performance of the excavation system. Direct comparisons were also drawn between tests in an attempt to establish the significance of wall crest fixity on soil movements. The use of all of the special construction techniques investigated were shown to reduce the magnitude of vertical displacement behind the retaining wall and at the formation level; in addition to reducing horizontal displacements at the toe of the wall. Increasing the retaining wall embedment depth in the main test series generally reduced the magnitude of vertical settlement by a factor of two, however the effect was less pronounced in the reference tests. Improving the fixity of the crest of the wall delayed excavation collapse and, where additional support mechanisms were not employed, pinning the crest of the wall was shown to reduce maximum settlement in the reference test by a factor of three. Of the four supporting construction methods the underwater excavation was found to be the most effective owing to the reduced change in vertical stress during the simulated excavation. Various deep soil mixing geometries were modelled and similar excavation behaviour was observed, however deep soil mixing ground treatment extending to the toe of the retaining wall and across 2/3 of the excavation demonstrated a slight reduction in settlement. Similar behaviour was observed for double walled excavations. Combining underwater excavations with a double wall was shown to further reduce maximum settlements however little additional benefit was observed when performing an underwater excavation with a deep soil mixed soil layer at excavation formation level

Stereotactic guidance for navigated percutaneous sacroiliac joint fusion.

Arthrodesis of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) for surgical treatment of SIJ dysfunction has regained interest among spine specialists. Current techniques described in the literature most often utilize intraoperative fluoroscopy to aid in implant placement; however, image guidance for SIJ fusion may allow for minimally invasive percutaneous instrumentation with more precise implant placement. In the following cases, we performed percutaneous stereotactic navigated sacroiliac instrumentation using O-arm® multidimensional surgical imaging with StealthStation® navigation (Medtronic, Inc. Minneapolis, MN). Patients were positioned prone and an image-guidance reference frame was placed contralateral to the surgical site. O-arm® integrated with StealthStation® allowed immediate auto-registration. The skin incision was planned with an image-guidance probe. An image-guided awl, drill and tap were utilized to choose a starting point and trajectory. Threaded titanium cage(s) packed with autograft and/or allograft were then placed. O-arm® image-guidance allowed for implant placement in the SIJ with a small skin incision. However, we could not track the cage depth position with our current system, and in one patient, the SIJ cage had to be revised secondary to the anterior breach of sacrum

Federation of Piling Specialists’ casing extraction review

During construction of rotary bored piles it is necessary to install a temporary casing to prevent the collapse of material into the open bore and provide edge protection. T he preferred method of removal for some contractors is by means of the handling crane. The Federation of Piling Specialists (2010) released guidance to predict the load developed in the removal of casings. This paper investigated whether the recommended constants applied to the overburden and clay terms were reasonable for various casing diameter s , embedment and depth of overburden. A series of five ce ntrifuge tests were conducted where loads were recorded as casings were extracted. Results showed that the FPS method over predicted the pull - out force and indicated that the adhesion factor, α , and angle of dilation between the casing and soil, tan δ , are not constant. This paper proposes a new method of predicting extraction forces which was found to predict forces to within ±10% of those measured in centrifuge tests

Ayurveda – A Nature’s Gift

Ayurveda, the traditional medicine of India is one of the oldest scientific medical systems of the world with a long record of clinical experience. It is our ancient living medical heritage. It not merely a kind of antiquated medicine. It is science based upon the observation of living thing and their actual response and reactions to their environment. It encompasses not only science but religion and philosophy as well. It tackles the whole subject of life in its various ramifications. It speaks to every element and facet of human life offering guidance that has been tested and refined over many centuries, to all those who seek greater harmony, peace and longevity. It is based not on constantly changing research data but on the eternal wisdom of the Acharyas, who received this science, expressive of the perfect wholeness of cosmic consciousness through religion introspection and meditation

Influence of geometry on the bearing capacity of sheet piled foundations

Bored concrete piles are commonly used to support moderate loads from buildings in urban areas. At the end of their 25-30 year lifespan these structures are decommissioned but their foundations are left in place. These cannot be inspected hence the bearing capacity cannot be accurately verified. A hybrid foun- dation comprising sheet piles and a pilecap to mobilise shaft friction and end bearing was demonstrated to be a feasible and sustainable alternative to cast in-situ concrete piles. This research investigated the influence of sheet pile geometry on ultimate bearing capacity. A centrifuge test at 50 g was performed in over- consolidated clay where a square hybrid sheet pile group was ax ially loaded and vertical settlements recorded. Results indicated a square sheet pile group offers 70% greater capacity than a circular sheet pile group of similar surface area and 24% improved performance over the solid p ile loaded in the same test. Analysis of results suggested that the ultimate bearing capacity of the square sheet pile group compared with a solid pile of equivalent base area were within 0.2%, emphasising the importance of shape on capacity and the feasibility of the hybrid system as a viable foundation solution

Uncertainty Analysis of Hollow Airfoil Composite Structure by Using Finite Element Method

by using Monte Carlo method. A three dimensional static analysis of large displacement type has been carried out. Finite element analysis of NACA0012 airfoil composite structure has been carried out and uncertainty in Maximum Deflection is analyzed. Maximum Deflection was objective function. Chord length , beam length ,elastic modulus in XY,YZ,XZ and shear modulus of epoxy graphite in  XY,YZ,XZ, ply angle and ply thickness of airfoil section, force are varied within effective range and their effect on Maximum Deflection has been analyzed. In order to validate the results, one loop of simulation is benchmarked from results in literature. Ultimately, best set of probabilistic design variable is proposed to reduce Maximum Deflection under static loadin

Prioritization Of Implementation Based Testing Technique For Class Under Test

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Feature Based Multi View Image Registration by Detecting the Feature with Fuzzy Logic for Corner Detection

This paper aim to Present accurate feature base registration by detecting the feature with Fuzzy logic for corner detection. Image registration is process used to match two or more partially overlapping image taken for example at different times ,from different sensors, or from different viewpoints and stitch these image into one panoramic image comprising whole scene. It is a fundamental image processing technique very useful in integrating information from different sensors, finding changes in image taken at different time, inferring three-dimensional information from stereo images and recognizing model-based objects. The paper presents a corner detection algorithm for feature detection which employs such fuzzy reasoning. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is compared to well-known conventional Harris corner detectors and its performance is also tested over a noise image. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150616