Perspective: Measuring Sweetness in Foods, Beverages, and Diets: Toward Understanding the Role of Sweetness in Health.

Various global public health agencies recommend minimizing exposure to sweet-tasting foods or beverages. The underlying rationale is that reducing exposure to the perception of sweet tastes, without regard to the source of sweetness, may reduce preferences for sweetness, added sugar intake, caloric intake, and body weight. However, the veracity of this sequence of outcomes has yet to be documented, as revealed by findings from recent systematic reviews on the topic. Efforts to examine and document the effects of sweetness exposure are needed to support evidence-based recommendations. They require a generally agreed-upon methodology for measuring sweetness in foods, beverages, and the overall diet. Although well-established sensory evaluation techniques exist for individual foods in laboratory settings, they are expensive and time-consuming, and agreement on the optimal approach for measuring the sweetness of the total diet is lacking. If such a measure could be developed, it would permit researchers to combine data from different studies and populations and facilitate the design and conduct of new studies to address unresolved research questions about dietary sweetness. This narrative review includes an overview of available sensory techniques, their strengths and limitations, recent efforts to measure the sweetness of foods and diets across countries and cultures, and a proposed future direction for improving methods for measuring sweetness toward developing the data required to support evidence-based recommendations around dietary sweetness

Día de la Americas 14 de Abril Los pueblos de América. Independientes libres papra un mundo libre. Washington, D. C., E. U. de A. [1945].

On verso of Copies 1, 2, and 3: [Stamp] THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SERIAL RECORD FEB 15 1945 Copy …. GOVT. SOURCE

Codification of international law : agencies for the codification of international law : provided for in the resolutions on the codification of international law /

Mode of access: Internet

Law and treaty series.

Mode of access: Internet.Some numbers published by its Juridical Division or its Division of Legal Affairs or its Division of Law and treaties

Pan American miscellany.

Nos. 1-5 are without series note and series number.Mode of access: Internet

Program and regulations of the sixth International conference of American states to assemble at Habana, Cuba, January 16, 1928.

Mode of access: Internet

Convention and documentary material on nature protection and wild life preservation in the western hemisphere.

Mode of access: Internet

Report on the teaching of Latin American history ...

"Reprinted from the June, 1927, issue of the Bulletin of the Pan American union."Mode of access: Internet

Informe a los gobiernos de las repúblicas miembros de la Unión panamericana sobre el trabajo de la Unión desde la clausura de la Cuarta conferencia internacional americana período de 1910 a 1923. Presentado por el director general de la Unión panamericana en conformidad con una resolución de la Cuarta conferencia internacional americana aprobada en Buenos Aires, el 11 de Agosto de 1910.

Mode of access: Internet

Documentary material for the good neighbor tour ; an imaginary visit to the republics of Latin America.

Reproduced from type-written copy.Includes bibliographies.I. Introductory program, source material.--II. Seminar on current aspects of inter-American relations.--III. Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay. Coffee in the Americas. Social welfare and social insurance.--IV. Argentina, Chile. Music and dances, Christmas customs, The Christ of the Andes.--V. Bolivia, Peru. Ancient civilizations of the Americas. Education in Latin America.--VI. Ecuador, Columbia. Art and literature of Latin America. Intellectual relations between the United States and Spanish America.--VII. Venezuela, Panama. Bolivar and other heroes of Latin America. Panama and the canal.--VIII. The republics of Central America. Inter-American transportation. Economic gifts of America to the world.--IX. Mexico. Women in the Americas.--X. Cuba, Haiti. Dominican republic. Pan American union. Survey of the tour.Mode of access: Internet