“La nueva energía paisa”: uma região como estratégia de desenvolvimento local em Antioquia, Colômbia

The administrative decentralization facilitates the emergence of strategies that promote bottom-up development. Therefore,  creating  conditions  to  find  internal  solutions  to diverse issues that occur in most municipalities in Colombia, in which resources become insufficient. This paper aims to establish the legal and theoretical framework of a regional integrating strategy in the Eastern area of Antioquia, which focuses on local development as a result of complementary efforts. Based on the aforementioned, this paper analyzes aspects of the regional strategy, in order to pose emergent challenges and difficulties. Moreover, the text argues the possibility that this alternative could be replicated in other national regions, given the creation of social innovation.La descentralización administrativa posibilita el surgimiento de estrategias que promuevan el desarrollo local, construido desde abajo, con el fin de encontrar soluciones internas para las múltiples problemáticas de la mayoría de municipios de Colombia, para los que los recursos resultan insuficientes. En este artículo se busca establecer    el fundamento teórico y jurídico de una estrategia de integración regional que surge   en el oriente antioqueño y le apuesta al desarrollo local a partir de la sumatoria de esfuerzos complementarios. Con base en esto, se analiza la forma en la que se ha dado esta estrategia de región, para, posteriormente, plantear los retos y dificultades que surgen de la misma, así como la alternativa de ser replicado en otras zonas del país, toda vez que se muestra como una estrategia innovadora para contribuir al bienestar  de la comunidad.A descentralização administrativa possibilita o surgimento de estratégias que promovem o desenvolvimento local, construído desde baixo, a fim de encontrar soluções internas para os múltiplos problemas da maioria dos municípios da Colômbia, para os que os recursos resultam insuficientes. Neste artigo se procura estabelecer o fundamento teórico e legal de uma estratégia de integração regional que surge no oriente de Antioquia e lhe aposta ao desenvolvimento local a partir da soma de esforços complementares. Com base em isto, analisa-se a forma na que tem-se dado esta estratégia de região, para, posteriormente, sugerir os desafios e dificuldades que surgem da mesma, assim como à opção de ser reproduzido em outras zonas do pais, já que se mostra como uma estratégia inovadora para contribuir ao bem-estar da comunidade

Cálculo y análisis mediante FEMM de un transformador sumergido en aceite de 5MVA, 45/20 kV

El primer objetivo de este proyecto fin de carrera es obtener una panorámica global de la dificultad que tiene el diseño de un transformador, identificando los problemas sencillos y los más complejos, y viendo cuáles de estos problemas complejos se pueden resolver de forma aproximada mediante fórmulas aproximadas proporcionadas por los diferentes autores. Para los problemas complejos que por su envergadura se salgan El segundo objetivo de este proyecto es la realización de los cálculos eléctricos necesarios para la fabricación de un transformador de potencia sumergido en aceite de 5MVA, 20/45kV. Las principales características del transformador se exponen a continuación. Especificación técnica del transformador: Características Transformador Trifásico de potencia Tipo 5000 / 52 Potencia [kVA] 5000 Líquido aislante Aceite NynasNytro Taurus Tipo de servicio Continuo Tensión primaria [V] 45.000 Conmutación en primario ± 2.5 % ± 5 % Tensión secundaria [V] 20.000 Nivel de aislamiento A.T. [kV] FI 95 IR 250 Nivel de aislamiento B.T. [kV] FI 50 IR 125 Frecuencia [Hz] 50 Grupo de conexión Dyn11 Máx. Temperatura ambiente ºC 40 Calentamiento arrollamientos/aceite [°C/°C] 65 / 60 Clase térmica del aislamiento A Tratamiento de la superficie Procedimiento UNE-20.175. Acabado final RAL 7030 Altitud [m] 1183 Instalación Exterior Dimensiones aproximadas [mm] Largo: 3075 Ancho: 2500 Alto: 3050 Peso aproximado (incluido aceite) [kg] 13200 Valores garantizados Norma UNE EN 60076 Tensión de cortocircuito [%] 7 (UNE EN 60076 Tol.) Pérdidas en vacío [kW] 7 (UNE EN 60076 Tol.) Pérdidas en carga (a 75 °C) [kW] 36 (UNE EN 60076 Tol.) El último objetivo del proyecto es desarrollar métodos para el cálculo de tensión de cortocircuito y las pérdidas de un transformador sobre la base de simulaciones electromagnéticas mediante el método de elementos finitos (FEMM)

Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody and spontaneous remission in membranous nephropathy

Altres ajuts: The authors are current recipients of research grants from the FONDO DE INVESTIGACIÓN SANITARIA-FEDER, ISCIII and REDINREN, RD16/0009/0030.Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in native kidney biopsies from adults. In 2009, antibodies to the M-type receptor of phospholipase A2 (anti-PLA2R) were identified in idiopathic MN patients, both within the kidney and in the circulation. The clinical course of idiopathic MN is variable and ranges from spontaneous remission to end-stage renal disease. Clinical variables such as proteinuria levels, patient sex, age and renal function at diagnosis have been associated with renal MN progression. In this editorial, we update the importance of anti-PLA2R levels as a prognostic marker in idiopathic MN at the diagnosis of the disease

Assessing prior knowledge of statistics in students attending an online university

This study analyzes the relationship between the entry path to a degree and the prior statistical competence of students taking a Statistics and Probability course at an online university. We assessed students’ prior knowledge by administering a pretest of the information covered in the course analyzed. The sample includes 108 students from different schools of an online university. According to the statistical analysis, students have certain difficulty understanding some concepts related to Probability and Descriptive Statistics, and the entry path affects the students’ understanding of these concepts.2019-2

Creación de un cuestionario para evaluar la comprensión de los conceptos estadísticos básicos en función de la vía de acceso de los estudiantes de la asignatura de Estadística del Grado en Ciencias del Trabajo, Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos

This study aims to assess the prior knowledge on statistics of the students in an undergraduate course in Labour Sciences Course at UDIMA, in which the Sta- tistics course is taught with an online methodology. In order to do this, a pre- examination was conducted at the time that the course began. This pre-examination is based on the Statistics Concept Inventory, a multiple-choice questionnaire that as- sesses the understanding of basic statistics concepts. 10 out of the 38 questions in- cluded in the questionnaire were coherent with the students’ curriculum and with the content of the course. The fulfilment of the questionnaire will allow to assess the prior knowledge on statistics in order to design learning experiences that foster the under- standing of statistics concepts.2017-1

Evaluación de los conocimientos previos de estadística en los estudiantes de educación superior. Estudio de caso para una universidad online.

En este trabajo se analiza la relación entre la vía de acceso al grado y las competencias estadísticas previas que los estudiantes tienen en la asignatura de Estadística y Probabilidad, en una universidad online. Para ello, se evalúan los conocimientos previos mediante la realización de un pretest con preguntas de respuesta múltiple, basado en el Statistics Concept Inventory (SCI), en la asignatura analizada. La muestra sobre la que se desarrolla el estudio está formada por 108 estudiantes de diferentes facultades (Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Ciencias Jurídicas, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades y en la Escuela de Ciencias Técnicas e Ingeniería) en una universidad online (Universidad a Distancia de Madrid, UDIMA). Con los datos obtenidos del pretest se realiza un análisis estadístico de correlación e independencia de las variables que muestra, por una parte, que los estudiantes presentan ciertas dificultades con algunos conceptos relacionados con la Probabilidad y la Estadística Descriptiva y por otra, la influencia de la vía de acceso en la comprensión de dichos conceptos.2018-1

Uterus transplantation: An open door to genetic motherhood

La infertilidad de origen uterino afecta a una de cada 500 mujeres en edad reproductiva impidiéndoles ser madres biológicas. Es la única causa de esterilidad para la que no se disponía de tratamiento hasta el desarrollo del trasplante de útero, que todavía se encuentra en fase experimental. Los resultados del grupo de investigación del Dr. Brännström de Suecia están siendo prometedores, habiendo nacido cinco bebés sanos gracias a esta técnica. Se prevé una inminente demanda y polémica social en torno a los aspectos éticos y legales que la rodean. Las alternativas con las que cuentan las pacientes con este tipo de esterilidad son la adopción y la maternidad subrogada o vientre de alquiler. Ambas plantean también un reto ético-legal significativo que revisamos en el artículo. En el contexto de la legislación española, el uso de vientres de alquiler está prohibido, por lo que el trasplante de útero puede ser una solución alternativa para conseguir la maternidad en mujeres con esterilidad por causa uterina absolutaUterine factor infertility affects one in 500 women on reproductive age preventing them from being biological mothers. It is the only cause of sterility for which treatment was not available until uterine transplantation was developed, although it remains an experimental technique. The results of Dr. Brännström's research group in Sweden are promising. Five healthy babies have been born after uterus transplantation. We expect an imminent demand and social controversy around the ethical and legal aspects that surround uterus transplantation. The alternatives for patients with this kind of sterility are adoption and surrogacy. Both raise significant ethical and legal issues that we review in this article. In the context of the Spanish legislation, surrogacy is prohibited; therefore, uterine transplantation could be an alternative to achieve motherhood in patients with absolute uterine factor infertilit

Up-Regulation of Specific Bioactive Lipids in Celiac Disease

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy linked to alterations of metabolism. Currently, limited untargeted metabolomic studies evaluating differences in the plasma metabolome of CD subjects have been documented. We engage in a metabolomic study that analyzes plasma metabolome in 17 children with CD treated with a gluten-free diet and 17 healthy control siblings in order to recognize potential changes in metabolic networks. Our data demonstrates the persistence of metabolic defects in CD subjects in spite of the dietary treatment, affecting a minor but significant fraction (around 4%, 209 out of 4893 molecular features) of the analyzed plasma metabolome. The affected molecular species are mainly, but not exclusively, lipid species with a particular affectation of steroids and derivatives (indicating an adrenal gland affectation), glycerophospholipids (to highlight phosphatidic acid), glycerolipids (with a special affectation of diacylglycerols), and fatty acyls (eicosanoids). Our findings are suggestive of an activation of the diacylglycerol-phosphatidic acid signaling pathway in CD that may potentially have detrimental effects via activation of several targets including protein kinases such as mTOR, which could be the basis of the morbidity and mortality connected with untreated CD. However, more studies are necessary to validate this idea regarding CD.Regional Government of Andalusia, Excellence Research (Project No P12-AGR-2581)Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, RTI2018-099200-BI00)Generalitat of Catalonia: Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (2017SGR696)Department of Health (SLT002/16/00250)FEDER - European Union (“A way to build Europe”).IRBLleida - CERCA Programme/Generalitat of Catalonia“Investigation grant program by the Association of Celiacs and Sensitive to Gluten of the Community of Madri

Thyroid lobectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: an analysis of the clinical outcomes in a nationwide multicenter study

Cirugía de tiroides; Lobectomía; Recurrencia del tumorCirurgia de tiroides; Lobectomia; Recurrència del tumorThyroid surgery; Lobectomy; Tumor recurrenceBackground: Total thyroidectomy is the standard initial surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), but the extent of the thyroidectomy remains controversial. Thyroid lobectomy (TL) has been widely used in eastern countries; however, its use has not been generalized in western countries, including Spain. Our aims were to analyse the clinical outcome of a multicentre nation-wide cohort of DTC patients treated by TL and to assess the proportion of patients who required completion of the thyroidectomy and who presented disease recurrence. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent TL for DTC and were followed-up for ≥12 months. We collected demographic, clinical, and histopathological data. Dynamic risk stratification (DRS) was performed at 12 months and at last visit. Results: One hundred and sixty-four patients (128 women, mean age 50.8 years, median follow-up 45.4 months) from 9 hospitals were included. There were 158 cases of papillary and 6 of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Remission of the disease (excellent response) was shown in 71.6% of the patients at 12 months and in 74.4% at the end of follow-up. At that time, there were 34 patients (20.7%) with indeterminate response, 6 (3.7%) with biochemical incomplete response, and 2 (1.2%) with structural incomplete response. Completion of the thyroidectomy was necessary in 8 patients (4.9%), but only 3 of them (1.8%) had disease recurrence. Conclusions: These results, obtained in real clinical practice, suggest that TL is a safe operative option for selected patients with DTC and that the intensity of the treatment must be tailored according to the presurgical tumor-associated risk, in line with a personalized medicine

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis induced by checkpoint inhibitors versus classical acute tubulointerstitial nephritis : are they the same disease?

The incidence of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) related to drugs has dramatically increased over recent years. A new subtype of ATIN, apparently different from classical drug-related ATIN, has emerged that has been related to the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We investigated these differences between ICI-related ATIN (ICI ATIN) and non-ICI-related ATIN in terms of clinical features, response to treatment with steroids and the evolution of kidney function. A total of 47 patients diagnosed with ATIN from two centres were recruited. Of these, 13 patients presented with ATIN during ICI treatment and 34 were diagnosed with ATIN attributed to other drugs. The main demographic, clinical and analytical variables such as gender, age and current medication were recorded. The type of malignancy, oncological treatment, ICI dose and presence of extrarenal immune-related adverse events were also reviewed. Renal biopsy diagnosis, time to drug withdrawal and ATIN-specific treatment, as well as laboratory data during follow-up, were also studied. Patients diagnosed with ICI ATIN presented with lower creatinine (ICI ATIN 3.8 ± 1.03 versus classical ATIN 5.98 ± 4.15 mg/dL, P = 0.007) at diagnosis and higher urinary leucocyte counts (ICI ATIN 263.2 ± 418.04 versus classical ATIN 133.55 ± 284.62, P = 0.048) compared with patients with non-ICI-related ATIN. Time from initiation of the culprit drug to ATIN diagnosis was longer in patients with ICI ATIN than in those with classical ATIN (197.07 ± 184.99 versus 114.4 ± 352.16 days, P = 0.006). In addition, during follow-up, the slope of decreasing creatinine over time was lower for ICI ATIN compared with non-ICI-related ATIN. In this study, we analysed differences between ICI ATIN and classical ATIN. We found that patients with ICI ATIN presented with a larger latency period after culprit drug initiation, milder acute kidney injury and slower creatinine amelioration compared with those with classical ATIN. These results may, in part, be ascribed to potential differences in the pathological mechanisms involved in ATIN development, suggesting that ICI and classical ATIN may be different diseases with similar renal histologies