Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for auditory problems

Smoking is a public health concern and we are still unsure of its relation with auditory problems. AIM: To study the effects of cigarette smoking in auditory thresholds, in otoacoustic emissions and in their inhibition by the efferent olivocochlear medial system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 144 adults from both genders, between 20 and 31 years of age, smoking and non-smoking individuals were submitted to conventional and high-frequency audiometry, transient stimuli otoacoustic emissions and suppression effect investigation. RESULTS: smokers presented worse auditory thresholds in the frequencies of 12.500Hz in the right ear and 14,000 kHz in both ears. Regarding the otoacoustic emissions, smokers group presented a lower response level in the frequencies of 1,000Hz in both ears and 4,000Hz in the left ear. Among smokers there were more cases of cochlear dysfunction and tinnitus. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that cigarette smoking has an adverse effect on the auditory system.O tabagismo é um problema de saúde pública e ainda não se sabe ao certo sua relação com problemas auditivos. OBJETIVO:Verificar o efeito do cigarro nos limiares audiométricos, na ocorrência das emissões otoacústicas e na inibição das mesmas pelo sistema eferente olivococlear medial. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: 144 adultos de ambos os sexos, entre 20 a 31 anos, fumantes e não fumantes, foram submetidos a audiometria convencional e de alta frequência, emissões otoacústicas por estímulo transiente e a pesquisa do efeito de supressão. RESULTADOS: O grupo de fumantes apresentou limiares auditivos piores nas frequências 12500Hz na orelha direita e 14000Hz em ambas orelhas. Nas emissões otoacústicas apresentou nível de resposta menor nas frequências de 1000Hz em ambas orelhas e 4000Hz na orelha esquerda. O grupo de fumantes também apresentou maior número de casos com disfunção coclear e queixa de zumbido. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do estudo sugerem que o cigarro tem um efeito nocivo no sistema auditivo.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Paclitaxel e metformina como uma nova opção de quimioterapia para adenocarcinoma de mama: uma revisão bibliográfica

Cada dia mais, o câncer se torna uma patologia importante no âmbito da saúde pública, pois sua prevalência aumenta a cada ano, e o câncer de mama é considerado o mais comum entre mulheres (25% dos casos diagnosticados) e o maior causador de óbitos no Brasil e em todo o mundo. Com isso, novos tratamentos estão sempre em estudo visando evitar a quimiorresistência, uma vez que células cancerosas tem uma necessidade exacerbada de sobrevivência. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma nova proposta de tratamento em estudo para adenocarcinoma de mama, com a associação de um quimioterápico já conhecido (Paclitaxel) e um antidiabético (Metformina), por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica.Each day cancer becomes an important pathology in public health studies, since its prevalence raises each year and is considered the most common in women (25% of diagnosed cases) and the biggest causer of deaths in Brazil and in the world. With that in mind, new treatments are constantly being studied, trying to avoid chemoresistance, since cancerous cells have an exacerbated need of survival. This study aims to present a new treatment proposal in study for breast adenocarcinoma, associating a known chemotherapy agent (Paclitaxel) and a antidiabetic (Metformin), as a literature review

La conciliación en el trámite de insolvencia de personal natural no comerciante, ineficacia del acceso a la administración de justicia

Desde la Constitución Política de 1886 se encuentra presente el derecho a la asociación y posteriormente, en la constitución política de 1991 se consagra la protección a la propiedad privada, debido a la importancia que el desarrollo y la explotación de esta irradia en la economía nacional. Vista la productividad de la propiedad privada como el motor que impulsa el desarrollo social, debido a esta importancia y el legislador en pro de una efectiva protección en el año 2006 expide la Ley 1116 la cual regla cómo opera el régimen de insolvencia o reorganización empresarial en Colombia, en aras de la igualdad, la colectividad y en busca de un equilibrio financiero. En el año 2010 se expide la Ley 1380 por la cual se establece la insolvencia de la persona natural no comerciante, sin embargo, dicha norma fue declarada inconstitucional, y el trámite que se encuentra reglado en la Ley 1564 de 2012, el Código General del Proceso, trámite que en su esencia permite a la persona que no posee la naturaleza de comerciante, establecer una cuerdo con los acreedores con el fin de cancelar las obligaciones pendientes. Este proceso que es beneficioso para la protección de los bienes del deudor y asegurar un pago de los compromisos adquiridos, tiene por requisito la audiencia de conciliación, la cual por su alto costo se ha convertido en un obstáculo que no permite el acceso a la justicia por aquellas personas que pretenden acceder a los beneficios de esta ley.Universidad Libre - Facultad de Derecho - Especialización en Derecho ProcesalSince the Political Constitution of 1886, the right to association has been present and later, in the political constitution of 1991, the protection of private property is enshrined, due to the importance that the development and exploitation of this radiates in the national economy. Considering the productivity of private property as the engine that drives social development, due to this importance and the legislator in favor of effective protection in 2006 issued Law 1116 which regulates how the insolvency or business reorganization regime operates in Colombia, for the sake of equality, the community and in search of a financial balance.In 2010, Law 1380 was issued, which established the insolvency of the non-merchant natural person, however, this rule was declared unconstitutional, and the procedure that is regulated in Law 1564 of 2012, the General Code of the Process, a procedure that in its essence allows the person who does not have the nature of a merchant, to establish an agreement with creditors in order to cancel pending obligations. This process, which is beneficial for the protection of the debtor's assets and ensuring payment of the acquired commitments, requires a conciliation hearing, which due to its high cost has become an obstacle that does not allow access to justice by those people who intend to access the benefits of this law

Atividades de formulação textual: a correção e as imagens de sujeito projetadas pelos coveiros da cidade de Belém

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as imagens de sujeitos projetadas pelas correções, enquanto atividade de formulação textual, presentes nas narrativas orais dos coveiros das necrópoles públicas de Belém. É uma pesquisa de base empírico-indutiva, visto que parte de usos reais da língua falada, em contextos específicos de enunciação, conduzida sob uma perspectiva textual-interativa, pois privilegia o discurso como produto de uma atividade interacional. O corpus de análise foi composto de oito entrevistas, realizadas com coveiros das necrópoles públicas de Belém, quais sejam, o cemitério de Santa Izabel e o cemitério de São Jorge, no período de seis a quatorze de junho de 2010. Essas entrevistas foram gravadas em formato A.V.I. (filme Windows) e transcritas com base em normas que registram as marcas de falas comuns à metodologia proposta pela Análise da Conversação (AC) em conversas do cotidiano. Todos os coveiros entrevistados são homens, que concluíram o ensino fundamental e encontravam-se em uma faixa etária que variava de 37 a 57 anos. Em decorrência do fenômeno que se propõe a analisar, essa pesquisa se insere na confluência de estudos desenvolvidos no âmbito da Análise da Conversação, Linguística de Texto e Sociolinguística Interacional

Dissecting the IFN-g versus IL-17-specific mRNAomes of effector gd T lymphocytes

The ability of murine γδ T cells to rapidly produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-17 (IL-17) or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) underlies their crucial roles in several pathophysiological contexts, from infection to cancer or autoimmunity. This functional capacity stems from a complex process of ‘developmental pre-programming’ in the thymus, after which a significant fraction of γδ T cells migrate to peripheral sites already committed to producing either IL-17 (gd17) or IFN-γ (gdIFN). While several studies have studied these gd T cell subtypes using surface markers that enrich for effector function, we still lack a characterization of the mRNA transcriptomes that specifically associate with IL-17 or IFN-g production by gd T cells. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we established a double reporter IL-17-GFP:IFN-γ-YFP mouse strain, which allowed us to isolate pure IL-17+, IFN-γ+, and the remaining IL-17-IFN-g-(DN) γδ T cell populations from the peripheral lymphoid organs to perform RNA sequencing and identify the subset-specific mRNAomes. Overall, we detected the expression of 12822 genes in gd T cells, with a significant number of genes being enriched in gd17 when compared with gdIFN and gdDN cells. Among these, 936 genes were differentially expressed between the three populations, with gd17 and gdIFN cells displaying the most distinct mRNAomes, which highlights their functional specialization, and gdIFN being more similar to DN than gd17 cells. A more detailed analysis of the top 30 differentially expressed genes among the most expressed genes by gd17 and gdIFN cells revealed that the majority of the signature genes increase their expression levels in the periphery upon their egress from the thymus, suggesting that these effector subsets only terminate their differentiation process at peripheral sites. Notably, gd17-associated signature genes are specifically expressed in this subset, unlike gdIFN signature genes, which are also often expressed by gdDN T cells, thus suggesting a developmental relationship between these two subpopulations. Collectively, our data allowed us to identify distinct mRNA signatures directly associated with cytokine expression in γδ T cells, several of which we are now further studying in disease models to identify potential new roles in pathophysiology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dissecting the IFN-g versus IL-17-specific transcriptomes of effector gd T lymphocytes: a new role for signalling adaptor Themis

The crucial role of murine γδ T cells in several (patho)physiological contexts stems from a complex process of ‘developmental preprogramming’ in the thymus, after which a significant fraction of γδ T cells populate peripheral sites already endowed with the capacity to secrete either IL-17 or IFN-γ1. However, despite the relevance of these γδ T cell effector subsets, we still lack knowledge on the transcriptomes that specifically associate with IL-17 or IFN-γ production. To address this, we established a double reporter IL-17-GFP:IFN-γ-YFP mouse strain, which allowed us to isolate pure peripheral IL-17-producing (γδ17) or IFN-γ-producing (γδIFN) γδ T cells to perform RNA-sequencing.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Corrigendum: Potential Clinical Benefits of CBD-Rich Cannabis Extracts Over Purified CBD in Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy: Observational Data Meta-analysis

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