5 research outputs found
Contribution of CXCL12 secretion to invasion of breast cancer cells
INTRODUCTION: Neu (HER2/ErbB2) is overexpressed in 25% to 30% of human breast cancer, correlating with a poor prognosis. Researchers in previous studies who used the mouse mammary tumor virus Neu-transgenic mouse model (MMTV-Neu) demonstrated that the Neu-YB line had increased production of CXCL12 and increased metastasis, whereas the Neu-YD line had decreased metastasis. In this study, we examined the role of increased production of CXCL12 in tumor cell invasion and malignancy. METHODS: We studied invasion in the tumor microenvironment using multiphoton intravital imaging, in vivo invasion and intravasation assays. CXCL12 signaling was altered by using the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 or by increasing CXCL12 expression. The role of macrophage signaling in vivo was determined using a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) blocking antibody. RESULTS: The Neu-YD strain was reduced in invasion, intravasation and metastasis compared to the Neu-YB and Neu deletion mutant (activated receptor) strains. Remarkably, in the Neu-YB strain, in vivo invasion to epidermal growth factor was dependent on both CXCL12-CXCR4 and CSF1-CSF-1R signaling. Neu-YB tumors had increased macrophage and microvessel density. Overexpression of CXCL12 in rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells increased in vivo invasion as well as microvessel and macrophage density. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of CXCL12 by tumor cells results in increased macrophage and microvessel density and in vivo invasiveness
ERBB1 and ERBB2 have distinct functions in tumor cell invasion and intravasation.
PURPOSE: The epidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB1) and related family member HER-2/neu (ERBB2) are often overexpressed in aggressive breast cancers and their overexpression is correlated with poor prognosis. Clinical studies using ERBB inhibitors have focused on tumor growth effects, but ERBBs can contribute to malignancy independent of their effects on tumor growth. Our studies were designed to evaluate the effect of ERBB inhibition on tumor cell motility and intravasation in vivo using clinically relevant small-molecule inhibitors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using in vivo mouse models of breast cancer, we test the effects of ERBB1 and ERBB2 inhibitors AC480 and lapatinib, ERBB1 inhibitor gefitinib, and ERBB2 inhibitor AG825 on in vivo tumor cell invasive properties in mammary fat pad tumors. RESULTS: ERBB1 and ERBB2 inhibition rapidly (within 3 h) inhibits both tumor cell motility and intravasation. Using gefitinib, ERBB1 inhibition rapidly inhibits tumor cell motility and invasion but not intravasation, whereas ERBB2 inhibition by AG825 rapidly blocks intravasation. CONCLUSIONS: ERBB1 and ERBB2 inhibition can rapidly block tumor cell invasive properties. In addition, we differentiate for the first time the contributions of ERBB1 and ERBB2 to the key metastatic properties of in vivo tumor cell invasion and intravasation. These experiments temporally and molecularly separate two key stages in tumor cell entry into blood vessels: invasion and intravasation. These results indicate that ERBB inhibition should be considered for blocking other tumor cell malignant properties besides growth
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Proton beam reirradiation for locally recurrent pancreatic adenocarcinoma
BackgroundLocal recurrence following definitive treatment for pancreatic adenocarcinoma is common and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Retreatment options for these patients are limited. Proton beam reirradiation (PRT) may limit dose and toxicity to previously irradiated normal tissues in patients without evidence of metastatic disease.MethodsBetween 8/2010-2/2015, 15 patients with isolated, locally-recurrent pancreatic cancer were treated with PRT. Acute toxicity was graded using CTC v 4.0 and defined as occurring within 90 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed from the start of PRT. A log-rank test was used to compare survival with or without concurrent chemotherapy.ResultsMedian follow-up was 15.7 months [2-48] from the start of PRT. The median clinical target volume (CTV) was 71 cc [15-200]. Ten (67%) patients received concurrent chemotherapy. Median PRT dose was 59.4 Gy (37.5-59.4 Gy). The median time interval from the prior treatment course was 26.7 months (7-461.3). There was a rate of 13% acute ≥ grade 3 toxicities attributed to PRT. The median overall survival (OS) was 16.7 months (95% CI, 4.7-36) and OS at 1 year was 67%. The "in-field" failure free survival at one year was 87%. The locoregional progression free survival (LPFS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) at 1 year was 72% and 64% respectively. Concurrent chemotherapy was associated with a higher median survival.ConclusionsPRT was well tolerated, resulted in prolonged clinical outcomes compared to historical controls, and should be considered as a treatment option with concurrent chemotherapy in selected patients with locally-recurrent pancreatic cancer