An overview of migratory birds in Brazil

We reviewed the occurrences and distributional patterns of migratory species of birds in Brazil. A species was classified as migratory when at least part of its population performs cyclical, seasonal movements with high fidelity to its breeding grounds. Of the 1,919 species of birds recorded in Brazil, 198 (10.3%) are migratory. Of these, 127 (64%) were classified as Migratory and 71 (36%) as Partially Migratory. A few species (83; 4.3%) were classified as Vagrant and eight (0,4%) species could not be defined due to limited information available, or due to conflicting data.Fil: Somenzari, Marina. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Cueto, Víctor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; ArgentinaFil: Guaraldo, André de Camargo. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Jahn, Alex. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Lima, Diego Mendes. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Lima, Pedro Cerqueira. Fundação BioBrasil; BrasilFil: Lugarini, Camile. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Machado, Caio Graco. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Martinez, Jaime. Universidade de Passo Fundo; BrasilFil: do Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Pacheco, José Fernando. Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos; BrasilFil: Paludo, Danielle. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti. Universidade de Passo Fundo; BrasilFil: Serafini, Patrícia Pereira. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Silveira, Luís Fábio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: de Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: de Sousa, Nathália Alves. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: de Souza, Manuella Andrade. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; BrasilFil: Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Whitney, Bret Myers. State University of Louisiana; Estados Unido

Distribution Modeling and Gap Analysis of Shorebird Conservation in Northern Brazil

Migratory shorebirds are currently at significant risk, with populations of multiple species dropping globally, often due to habitat disruption and loss. The coast of northern Brazil, along the states of Pará and Maranhão, encompasses one of the broadest expanses of shorebird overwintering habitat for many shorebird species in the Atlantic Americas Flyway. Delineating how current management protects shorebird habitat is an important first step to identifying gaps in protections that then need to be prioritized. Different frameworks of conservation decision-making, such as focusing on flagship, umbrella, or biodiversity, can be used to prioritize what habitat needs to be protected. Understanding the effects of these different conservation perspectives is key to making informed management decisions. Multiple dates of Landsat 8 imagery at different tidal stages were used to identify intertidal habitats for further analysis. MaxEnt species distribution models were derived for each species using remote sensing and landscape metrics, as well as point-count survey data collected during the winters of 2016 and 2017. Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 image data were included as direct inputs to the model rather than interpreted and mapped first into different habitat types. The resulting Maxent models successfully delineated between presence and absence locations for five of the eight target shorebird species. The model outputs were combined to map the intertidal habitat covered under several different management scenarios. These scenarios included using red knots as a flagship species, semipalmated sandpipers as an umbrella species, and species richness as a metric of shorebird diversity. Slightly more than 25% of delineated intertidal habitat was found to be included within a designated Marine Extractive Reserve, with three major gaps in current protections identified. The flagship, umbrella, and biodiversity perspectives result in different prioritizations of these distinct locations. While umbrella and diversity approaches are successful at protecting diverse communities, community assemblages of rarer or specialist species, such as the red knots, may fall outside their protective shadows. A hybrid approach that uses both diversity and the extent of rare flagship species produces results that best meet the management goals of identifying gaps in existing conservation to protect the most at-risk species while conserving the diverse assemblages they coexist with

Áreas estratégicas para a conservação de aves limícolas na costa brasileira

The diversity of shorebirds is largely represented by species associated with wetlands and other aquatic habitats, many of which are also migratory and directly dependent on the Coastal Zone. Shorebirds are often concentrated in coastal environments in Brazil, roosting and foraging during the migration cycle, or for the purpose of reproduction, as is the case for certain resident species. Socio-economic development activities in coastal areas present multiple threats to shorebirds, resulting in habitat degradation and contributing to the sharp population declines observed in many species. Different international and national planning efforts have sought to include specific actions for shorebird conservation. The National Action Plan (PAN - Plano de Ação Nacional) for conservation of Migratory Shorebirds in Brazil identified 43 strategic areas for implementing priority actions by the year 2024, marking the final period of the plan's second iteration. The current work proposes that these strategic areas for shorebird conservation be specially considered in Brazil's National Coastal Management Plan and the relevant Integrated Management Plans. We present a history of the PAN and the supporting criteria used in identifying strategic areas for shorebird conservation in Brazil. Generalized descriptions of the principal conservation areas, contextualizing them according to location and main threats, are also presented. We anticipate that this synthesis will facilitate the integration of different environmental planning instruments and public policy measures, bringing greater focus to shorebird conservation in the coastal zone by highlighting the confluence and pertinence among these plans. Finally, we recommend a set of initiatives that would result in gains not only for shorebirds, but also be of benefit to society, both relying on the ecosystem services of a well-managed network of environmentally protected areas.  Las aves playeras incluyen varias especies asociadas a los humedales, muchas de las cuales son migratorias, las cuales son extremadamente dependientes de la Zona Costera. Se concentran en ambientes costeros para descansar y forrajear durante su ciclo migratorio, o para reproducirse en el caso de las especies residentes. El desarrollo de actividades socioeconómicas en la costa ha resultado en amenazas para las aves y la degradación de sus hábitats, lo que ha provocado una fuerte disminución de la población de muchas especies. Diferentes esfuerzos internacionales y nacionales han buscado incluir acciones para su conservación en la planificación territorial. En Brasil, el Plan Nacional para la Conservación (PAN) de las aves playeras migratorias identificó 43 áreas estratégicas de acción prioritaria hasta el año 2024, período de su segundo ciclo de implementación. En este trabajo proponemos que las áreas estratégicas sean especialmente consideradas en el Plan Nacional de Manejo Costero y en los Planes de Manejo Integrado. Describimos la historia del PAN y los criterios que llevaron a la identificación de las áreas. Presentamos las áreas estratégicas, contextualizándolas en cuanto a su ubicación y principales amenazas. Defendemos la combinación de diferentes instrumentos de planificación y políticas públicas que se centren en la conservación de las aves y la zona costera para resaltar las confluencias y la pertinencia de la integración de los diferentes planes. Finalmente, recomendamos un conjunto de iniciativas que pueden resultar en ganancias no solo para las aves playeras sino también para toda la sociedad que disfruta de los servicios ecosistémicos derivados de un territorio bien gestionado desde el punto de vista ambiental.As aves limícolas contemplam diversas espécies associadas às áreas úmidas, muitas das quais migratórias, que são extremamente dependentes da Zona Costeira. Concentram-se nos ambientes costeiros para descanso e forrageio durante o seu ciclo migratório, ou para reprodução no caso das espécies residentes. O desenvolvimento das atividades socioeconômicas no litoral vem resultando em ameaças às aves e na degradação dos seus habitats, levando ao declínio populacional acentuado de muitas espécies. Diferentes esforços internacionais e nacionais vem buscando incluir ações para a sua conservação no planejamento territorial. No Brasil o Plano Nacional para a Conservação (PAN) das Aves Limícolas Migratórias identificou 43 áreas estratégicas para atuação prioritária até o ano de 2024, período do seu segundo ciclo de implementação. Neste trabalho propomos que as áreas estratégicas sejam especialmente consideradas no Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro e nos Planos de Gestão Integrada. Descrevemos o histórico do PAN e critérios que levaram à identificação das áreas. Apresentamos as áreas estratégicas, contextualizando-as quanto à sua localização e principais ameaças. Defendemos a reunião de diferentes instrumentos de planejamento e políticas públicas que incidem sobre a conservação das aves e da zona costeira para destacar confluências e a pertinência da integração dos diversos planejamentos. Por fim recomendamos um conjunto de iniciativas que podem resultar em ganhos não somente para as aves limícolas mas também para toda a sociedade que usufrui dos serviços ecossistêmicos decorrentes de um território bem gerido sob o ponto de vista ambiental

Pelecanoididae Gray 1871

Pelecanoididae Pelecanoides magellani (VAG): occurs on the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in extreme southern South America and breeds on the coast of Chile and Tierra del Fuego (Carboneras, 1992; Grantsau, 2010). It seems to be sedentary and to disperse to some extent to adjacent coastal waters (Carboneras, 1992). In Brazil, there is only one record for RS (Vooren & Fernandes, 1989).Published as part of Somenzari, Marina, Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do, Cueto, Víctor R., Guaraldo, André de Camargo, Jahn, Alex E., Lima, Diego Mendes, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Lugarini, Camile, Machado, Caio Graco, Martinez, Jaime, Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do, Pacheco, José Fernando, Paludo, Danielle, Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti, Serafini, Patrícia Pereira, Silveira, Luís Fábio, Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de, Sousa, Nathália Alves de, Souza, Manuella Andrade de, Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues & Whitney, Bret Myers, 2018, An overview of migratory birds in Brazil, pp. 1-66 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 on page 37, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.03, http://zenodo.org/record/523467

Phalacrocoracidae Reichenbach 1849

Phalacrocoracidae [Leucocarbo bransfieldensis] (VAG):occurs in the Antarctic Peninsula and on South Shetland Islands (Orta, 1992b). In Brazil, its only record is of a band found in BA that belonged to an individual banded on the South Shetland Islands in Antarctica (Lima et al., 2001b).Published as part of Somenzari, Marina, Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do, Cueto, Víctor R., Guaraldo, André de Camargo, Jahn, Alex E., Lima, Diego Mendes, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Lugarini, Camile, Machado, Caio Graco, Martinez, Jaime, Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do, Pacheco, José Fernando, Paludo, Danielle, Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti, Serafini, Patrícia Pereira, Silveira, Luís Fábio, Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de, Sousa, Nathália Alves de, Souza, Manuella Andrade de, Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues & Whitney, Bret Myers, 2018, An overview of migratory birds in Brazil, pp. 1-66 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 on page 37, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.03, http://zenodo.org/record/523467

Vireonidae Swainson 1837

Vireonidae Vireo flavoviridis (VAG): is a visitor from the north that nests in Central America, migrates to northwestern South America in September (Sick, 1997) and overwinters mainly east of the Andes in the Peruvian and Bolivian Amazon and in western Brazil (Brewer & Orenstein,2010). This species has been observed in western AC and specimens have been collected in western AM (Whittaker & Oren, 1999; Whitney & Pacheco, 2000) and in AC (MPEG). There are also photographic records for MT in October and for AC in January and March (WikiAves, 2016).Published as part of Somenzari, Marina, Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do, Cueto, Víctor R., Guaraldo, André de Camargo, Jahn, Alex E., Lima, Diego Mendes, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Lugarini, Camile, Machado, Caio Graco, Martinez, Jaime, Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do, Pacheco, José Fernando, Paludo, Danielle, Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti, Serafini, Patrícia Pereira, Silveira, Luís Fábio, Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de, Sousa, Nathália Alves de, Souza, Manuella Andrade de, Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues & Whitney, Bret Myers, 2018, An overview of migratory birds in Brazil, pp. 1-66 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 on page 41, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.03, http://zenodo.org/record/523467

Accipitridae Vigors 1824

Accipitridae Milvus migrans (VAG): occurs in almost the entire Old Word and Australasia, and the nominotypical subspecies is highly migratory. It breeds in continental Europe, northwestern Africa and western Asia, and overwinters mainly south of the Sahara in Africa (Ferguson-Lees & Christie, 2001). Vagrant individuals have been recorded in New Zealand and on Hawaiian islands in the Pacific. One adult individual was recently recorded in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, 1,100 km away from the Brazilian coast,between April 16 th and May 17 th 2014, probably by following winds from northwestern Africa (Nunes et al., 2015) that are tangent to the main flyway used by this species when moving between the wintering and breeding areas in western Europe (Sergio et al., 2014). [Geranoaetus polyosoma] (VAG): occurs from central Andes in Colombia to Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, Malvinas /Falklands and Juan Fernández Islands on the coast of Chile (Bierregaard, 1994). During austral winter, birds from the Chilean Andes and from Patagonia fly north to subtropical plains in northern and eastern Argentina, Paraguay and perhaps Uruguay (Thiollay, 1994). In Brazil, there are few records: none is documented and only one has a specific locality on Cabo Frio Island in Arraial do Cabo/RJ (Pacheco, 2005).Published as part of Somenzari, Marina, Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do, Cueto, Víctor R., Guaraldo, André de Camargo, Jahn, Alex E., Lima, Diego Mendes, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Lugarini, Camile, Machado, Caio Graco, Martinez, Jaime, Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do, Pacheco, José Fernando, Paludo, Danielle, Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti, Serafini, Patrícia Pereira, Silveira, Luís Fábio, Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de, Sousa, Nathália Alves de, Souza, Manuella Andrade de, Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues & Whitney, Bret Myers, 2018, An overview of migratory birds in Brazil, pp. 1-66 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 on page 38, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.03, http://zenodo.org/record/523467

Cathartidae Lafresnaye 1839

Cathartidae [Vultur gryphus] (VAG): occurs in the Andes from Venezuela to Tierra del Fuego, and at sea level in Peru and Chile (Houston, 1994). In Brazil, there are only two old, occasional and undocumented records: on the Jauru River/ Mato Grosso (MT) and western PR (Sick, 1997).Published as part of Somenzari, Marina, Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do, Cueto, Víctor R., Guaraldo, André de Camargo, Jahn, Alex E., Lima, Diego Mendes, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Lugarini, Camile, Machado, Caio Graco, Martinez, Jaime, Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do, Pacheco, José Fernando, Paludo, Danielle, Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti, Serafini, Patrícia Pereira, Silveira, Luís Fábio, Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de, Sousa, Nathália Alves de, Souza, Manuella Andrade de, Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues & Whitney, Bret Myers, 2018, An overview of migratory birds in Brazil, pp. 1-66 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 on page 38, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.03, http://zenodo.org/record/523467

Columbidae Leach 1820

Columbidae Zenaida auriculata (ND): out of the four subspecies that occur in Brazil, Z. a. noronha occurs in the semiarid Caatinga in the Northeast region and presents large population variations because of flock gatherings during the rainy season while searching for breeding sites, where it forms breeding colonies with thousands of nests (Azevedo-Júnior & Antas, 1990). It seems to breed itinerantly in the Northeast (Bucher, 1982), which is corroborated by banding data from up to 2005 (SNA, 2016). According to this pattern, the first colonies appeared around the middle of the São Francisco River in Bahia (BA) between February and March. The species appeared soon after in western Pernambuco (PE),southern CE and southwestern Piauí (PI) and then, between May and June, in southern central PE (Sertão do Pajeú), Seridó region (on the border between PB and RN) and RN (Azevedo-Júnior & Antas, 1990). However, there is an annual change in total precipitation in the Caatinga that may favor the opportunist occurrence of colonies in places they do not usually occur in years of irregular precipitation (Azevedo-Júnior & Antas,1990).The species has been classified as migratory (except for in Fernando de Noronha/PE, where it is resident) because it moves in response to rain movements in the Caatinga (Antas, 1987; Azevedo-Júnior & Antas, 1990; Souza et al., 2007), slowly flying from the southwest to the northeast (Nimer, 1977). However, Sick (1983) states that it is not every year that this species gathers by the thousands in the Northeast, and this, when associated to the fact that it can be observed in the Northeast during the entire year (WikiAves, 2016) without a clear seasonal population fluctuation, conflicts with its classification as migratory.For this reason,the species is here classified as not defined.Published as part of Somenzari, Marina, Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do, Cueto, Víctor R., Guaraldo, André de Camargo, Jahn, Alex E., Lima, Diego Mendes, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Lugarini, Camile, Machado, Caio Graco, Martinez, Jaime, Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do, Pacheco, José Fernando, Paludo, Danielle, Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti, Serafini, Patrícia Pereira, Silveira, Luís Fábio, Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de, Sousa, Nathália Alves de, Souza, Manuella Andrade de, Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues & Whitney, Bret Myers, 2018, An overview of migratory birds in Brazil, pp. 1-66 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 on page 43, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.03, http://zenodo.org/record/523467