Higienização de próteses dentárias removíveis: uma revisão de literatura

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Odontologia.A reabilitação oral com próteses visa restabelecer a estética e a função, bem como o bem estar físico e psicológico do paciente. Para o sucesso e a longevidade do tratamento, são de extrema importância a adaptação protética, o acompanhamento e a orientação profissional acerca dos cuidados com a desinfecção e a higienização das mesmas. O acúmulo do biofilme sobre as estruturas da prótese podem desenvolver lesões patológicas na mucosa, como a candidíase oral, estomatite protética, além de desenvolver halitose, cálculos salivares e pigmentação. Este estudo tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre materiais e métodos de higiene de próteses dentárias removíveis, sejam elas: totais, parciais ou ainda próteses provisórias, existentes no mercado, compará-los, analisando vantagens e desvantagens de cada um. Dentre os meios de desinfecção encontram-se os métodos mecânicos, químicos e a associação entre os mecânicos e os químicos. O conhecimento do cirurgião-dentista acerca desses métodos, isto é, sua composição, eficácia e efeitos adversos, ajudam o profissional instruir de forma ideal o paciente. A responsabilidade de higienizar é do paciente e cabe ao cirurgião-dentista motivá-lo e instrui-lo a promover os meios e métodos adequados

IMPROVING THE UNDERSTANDING OF DIFFERENT DIETS ON THE CONCENTRATION AND METABOLISM OF THE MAMMALIAN LIGNAN ENTEROLACTONE IN DAIRY CATTLE

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) is the richest source of the plant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), which is precursor for the synthesis of the mammalian lignans enterolactone (EL) and enterodiol (ED) by the gastrointestinal microbes in mammals. There is a great deal of interest in promoting increased intakes of lignans in humans’ diet due to their potential health benefits, especially in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolaemia, breast and prostate cancers, and osteoporosis. Consumption of milk and dairy products enriched in EL could be an excellent strategy to increase the intake of lignans by humans. The first (Chapter II) and second (Chapter III) studies presented in this dissertation aimed to evaluate strategies to improve the concentration of EL in milk of dairy cows. In Chapter II, we evaluated the effects of replacing ground corn (GRC) with incremental amounts of liquid molasses (LM) on production, milk composition (fat, true protein, lactose, EL, urea N, fatty acids), plasma concentrations of antioxidant enzymes and urea N, and apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients in Jersey cows fed FM. Sixteen multiparous organically-certified Jersey cows averaging (means ± standard deviation) 99 ± 41 d in milk and 462 ± 38 kg of body weight were randomly assigned to treatment sequences in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 14 d for diet adaptation and 7 d for data and sample collection. Diets were fed as total mixed rations and consisted (dry matter basis) of 52% grass-legume baleage, 8% grass hay, 8.5% soyhulls, 2.5% roasted soybean, and 15% FM. Ground corn was totally replaced by increasing amounts of LM at 0, 4, 8, or 12% of the diet dry matter. Orthogonal polynomials were used to test linear, quadratic, and cubic effects in response to LM supplementation using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Milk concentration of EL tended to respond cubically when replacing GRC by incremental amounts of LM in cows fed FM. The plasma activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and catalase did not differ, but superoxide dismutase activity tended to respond cubically with feeding increasing amounts of LM at expense of GRC. Dry matter intake and yields of milk and milk fat, true protein, and lactose decreased linearly with substituting GRC for LM. Whereas the concentrations of milk fat and milk true protein did not differ across treatments, milk lactose content decreased linearly. Feeding incremental levels of LM reduced linearly the milk concentration of urea N and the amount of N excreted in urine, and tended to decrease linearly the concentration of plasma urea N. Apparent total-tract digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral and acid detergent fiber did not differ across treatments, while digestibility of crude protein decreased linearly. Milk fatty acids profile was substantially changed most notably by linear increases in cis-9, trans-11 18:2, cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 18:3, Σ odd-chain fatty acids, and the trans-11/trans-10 ratio, and linear decreases in cis-9 18:1 and cis-9, cis-12 18:2 when replacing GRC for incremental amounts of LM. In Chapter III was evaluated the effects of feeding flaxseed oil or sucrose alone or in combination on production, milk composition (fat, true protein, lactose, EL, urea N) plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and urea N, and apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients in Holstein cows fed FM. Sixteen multiparous (4 ruminally-cannulated) Holstein cows averaging 94 ± 37.6 d in milk and 680 ± 79.1 kg of BW at the beginning of the study were used. Cows were randomly assigned to treatment sequences in a 4 replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 25 d with 18 d for diet adaptation and 7 d for data and sample collection. Treatments were fed (dry matter basis) as total-mixed rations consisting of a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio and included: a negative control diet (-CTRL; 8% SBM plus 23% ground corn); 15% FM +10.7% ground corn + 5% sucrose (SUCR); 15% FM + 15.4% ground corn + 3% flaxseed oil (OIL); and 15% FM +10.2% ground corn + 5% sucrose + 3% FO (COMBO). It was observed that cows fed FM had lower dry matter intake (DMI) compared with that fed soybean meal. Within cows fed FM, the reduction in DMI was greatest in cows fed the OIL diet with no difference between SUCR and COMBO treatments. Milk yield did not differ between cows fed the -CTRL diet and those fed the SUCR and OIL diets. However, a negative associative effect was observed for milk production when FM was supplemented with sucrose and FO. The concentration and yield of milk fat decreased when FO was added to FM. No effects of treatments were observed regarding concentrations and yield of milk true protein, and concentration of milk lactose. However, lactose yield and MUN tended to decrease in the COMBO diet. Digestibility of DM and OM were lower in cows fed FM diets than in those offered the –CRTL treatment. Digestibility of ADF was greatest in –CRTL, intermediate in SUCR, and lowest in OIL and COMBO and no differences across treatments were observed for the apparent total-tract digestibilities of NDF and CP. As expected, the concentration and yield of milk EL were both greater in cows fed FM diets than those fed soybean meal. No difference in milk EL was observed when FM was supplemented with either sucrose or FO alone or their combination (COMBO diet), suggesting no synergistic effects of sucrose and FO in the conversion of SDG to EL in the rumen. A second aim of this dissertation (Chapter IV) was to determine the pharmacokinetics of EL in newborn dairy calves fed milk replacer (MR) or EL-enriched milk. In newborn calves, suckling stimulates the reflex closure of the esophageal groove so that milk or milk replacer bypass the reticulo-rumen down to the abomasum. Thus, calves may be used as a model to make inferences about the pharmacokinetics of EL in simple-stomach mammals including humans. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of EL from MR or EL-enriched milk consumed by newborn Holstein calves. Twenty Holsteins calves (n = 10 males and 10 females) were used from birth to d 7 of life. The 10 calves born from multiparous cows received 4 L of colostrum using nipple bottles. Whereas, the 10 calves born from primiparous cows were fed 4 L of stored colostrum from multiparous cows when available or colostrum replacer. On d 5 of life, calves were administered 2 L of milk replacer (n = 10; Low-EL treatment: 123 nmol/L EL) or 2 L of EL-enriched milk (n = 10; High-EL treatment: 481 nmol/L EL) during the morning feeding (0700 h). Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein before (0 h) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 48 h after oral administration of treatments. The area under the curve for the plasma concentration of EL was analyzed according to the trapezoidal rule between 0 and 12 h after treatment administration, and it was greater in High- (26 nmol/L × h) than Low-EL calves (4.30 nmol/L × h). Similarly, the maximum concentration of EL in plasma was greater in High- (5.06 nmol/L) vs. Low-EL calves (1.95 nmol/L). Furthermore, the time after treatment intake to reach maximum plasma concentration of EL was faster in High- (4.31 h) compared with Low-EL (4.44 h) treatment. Calves were able to absorb EL, thus indicating that EL-enriched milk can be potentially used as source of EL to pre-weaned ruminants

Jabuticabas brasileiras : caracterização fenólica, capacidade de desativação de espécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio e potencial antiproliferativo sob células tumorais de próstata e mama

Orientadores: Helena Teixeira Godoy, Cristiano Augusto BallusTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: A jabuticaba é uma fruta nativa do Brasil, rica em compostos fenólicos, dentre os quais estão as antocianinas. Estes compostos apresentam alta capacidade antioxidante e estão relacionados à prevenção de muitas doenças crônico degenerativas. Desta forma este trabalho teve como objetivo; realizar a otimização da extração dos compostos fenólicos totais (TPC) da semente e antocianinas monoméricas totais (TMA) da casca e efetuar a caracterização dos mesmos. Além disso, foi avaliada a capacidade de desativação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) e espécies reativas de nitrogênio (RNS), bem como a determinação do potencial antiproliferativo em células tumorais de próstata e mama, dos extratos das cascas e das sementes de cinco variedades de jabuticaba. Assim, este estudo realizou com sucesso a otimização da extração dos TPC da semente e das TMA da casca. Foram obtidas as seguintes condições ótimas para TPC da semente solvente etanol:água (60:40 v/v) e para TMA da casca solvente metanol:água:ácido acético (80:20:0,5 v/v/v), sendo o tempo de extração de 30 min. para ambas as extrações. Também foi efetuada a avaliação da capacidade dos extratos das cascas e das sementes das jabuticabas em desativar ROS e RNS. Ambos os extratos mostraram ser uma excelente fonte de antioxidantes exógenos: casca Sabará (SPF) desativou o HOCl com IC50 9,24 µg mL-1, semente Paulista (PF) desativou o O2¿? com IC50 16,15 µg mL-1, semente Coroada (CFP) desativou o ONOO- na ausência de NaHCO3 com IC50 3,84 µg mL-1, casca CFP desativou o ONOO- na presença de NaHCO3 com IC50 5,88 µg mL-1, casca SFP desativou o ROO¿ (ORAC) em 918,16 ?mol TE g-1 e a semente Sabará desativou o H2O2 em 49,11% inibição na concentração de 125 µg extrato mL-1. Para complementar este trabalho foi realizado o teste de atividade mitocondrial (MTT) sobre células tumorais de mama (MDA-MB-231) e de próstata (DU-145), o qual demostrou que os extratos da casca e da semente diminuem a proliferação das células tumorais. O extrato da casca PFP inibiu o crescimento celular da MDA-MB-231 com IC50 25,86 µg mL-1 de extrato. Para finalizar os experimentos foi realizada a quantificação e identificação dos compostos fenólicos antociânicos e não antociânicos por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas. Os resultados demostraram que as antocianinas majoritárias foram a cianidina-3-glicosídeo e a delfinidina-3-glicosídeo. Foram detectados 3 derivados de miricitina, 14 derivados de quercetina incluindo a quercetina livre, 13 derivados de ácido elágico, incluindo o ácido elágico livre, e 4 derivados de ácido metilelágico. Dessa forma, foi possível caracterizar o perfil dos compostos fenólicos de variedades de jabuticabas, até então não estudadas. O método de extração otimizado mostrou-se rápido, simples, com um adequado rendimento. Os extratos analisados comprovaram um elevado potencial antioxidante, capaz de combater eficientemente a proliferação das células DU-145 e MDA-MB-231, demostrando que a jabuticaba possui efeitos benéficos à saúde humanaAbstract: Jabuticaba is a Brazilian fruit, rich in phenolic compounds, specially anthocyanins. These compounds present higher antioxidant capacity and are related to the prevention of many chronic degenerative diseases. Thus, the present study aimed optimizing the extraction process of total phenolic compounds (TPC) in jabuticaba seeds, as well as total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA) in jabuticaba skins, and its characterization. It was also evaluated the potential of jabuticaba seeds and skins extracts, from five jabuticaba varieties, in the deactivation capacity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), as well as the determination of the antiproliferative potential in prostate and breast tumor cells. The optimization of the extraction of TPC from seeds and TMA from skins was successfully performed and the best conditions were ethanol:water (60:40 v/v) for TPC from seeds and methanol:water:acetic acid (80:20:0,5 v/v/v) for TMA from skins; for both compounds classes the total extraction time was 30 min. The capacity of seeds and skins extracts on deactivation capacity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) was also evaluated. Both extracts can be considered significant sources of exogenous antioxidants: Sabará skins (SPF) deactivated the HOCl with IC50 9.24 µg.mL-1; Paulista seeds (PF) deactivated the O2¿? with IC50 16.15 µg.mL-1; Coroada seeds (CFP) deactivated the ONOO- in the absence of NaHCO3 with IC50 3.84 µg.mL-1; CFP skins deactivated the ONOO- in the presence of NaHCO3 with IC50 5.88 µg.mL-1; SFP skins deactivated the ROO¿ (ORAC) in 918.16 ?mol TE g-1 and the Sabará seeds deactivated the H2O2 with 49.11% of inhibition in the concentration of 125 µg of extract.mL-1. To complement this study, it was performed the mitochondrial activity assay (MTT) in breast tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) and in prostate tumor cells (DU-145); the trial results allowed to conclude that the skin extracts present an excellent action against these tumor cells. PFP skins extract inhibited the MDA-MB-231 cellular growth with IC50 25.86 µg.mL-1 of extract. The identification and quantification of anthocyanic and non-anthocyanic phenolic compounds were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The main anthocyanins identified in the samples were cyanidig-3-glycoside and delphynidin-3-glycoside. It was also found three myricetin derivatives; 14 quercetin derivatives, including free-quercetin; 13 elagic acid derivatives, including free-elagic acid; and, 4 methyl elagic acid derivatives. Thus, it was possible to characterize the phenolic compounds profile of the jabuticaba varieties that were not been studied yet. With the above information it is clear that the extraction method optimized here was extremely fast, simple, inexpensive and with adequate extraction performance. The analyzed extracts presented high antioxidant potential and efficiently reduced the proliferation of DU-145 and MDA-MB-231 cells, demonstrating that jabuticaba is extremely beneficial to human healthDoutoradoCiência de AlimentosDoutora em Ciência de Alimentos145652/2014-98888.1/135420/2016/01CNPQCAPE

Sistemas agroflorestais como estratégia de desenvolvimento rural em diferentes biomas brasileiros.

Este trabalho resgata o significado do termo desenvolvimento sustentável e salienta as diferentes ideologias implícitas em duas correntes de pensamento, a ecotecnocrática e a ecossocial. A partir da análise destes enfoques de desenvolvimento, observa-se a insustentabilidade da agricultura convencional e destacam-se os princípios da Agroecologia no processo de construção de estilos de agricultura sustentável. Nessa perspectiva, aborda-se a utilização de sistemas agroflorestais como estratégia para a promoção do desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Com base na revisão bibliográfica são analisados três projetos de sistemas agroflorestais na agricultura familiar em distintos biomas brasileiros. Conclui-se que estes projetos possuem características que podem ser potencializadas enquanto alternativas de desenvolvimento, apresentando resultados positivos não apenas em relação a proteção ambiental, mas também no que diz respeito a ganhos econômico e melhorias sociais da população envolvida

Plataforma portátil de pesagem para bovinos: apresentação e funcionamento.

Características da Plataforma; Larguras ajustáveis da base e abas; Disposição e uso no brete; Medida do maior componente; Apoios no solo; Produto divisível ao meio; Sistema de regulagem de abertura das abas; Engenharia; Segurança e conforto animal.bitstream/item/31972/1/DT-104online.pd

Maximization of the use of casting sand residue in the production of fired ceramic bricks

In this study, a red ceramic was developed with the addition of sand residue from deburring and finishing processing of cast iron molds, replacing a variable fraction of the clay. The formulated masses were shaped by pressing and firing at different temperatures (850, 900 and 1000 oC) at a heating rate of 180 oC/h and 2-hour level. The bodies were characterized for their density prior to firing, and after firing, for mechanical strength, linear retraction, water absorption and porosity. From these results, tests were carried out with the purpose of evaluating the possible release of pollutants from the ceramic pieces produced by leaching tests according to Brazilian standards. The use of smelting sand residue, a low plasticity component, has been shown to be feasible with a few adjustments in the processing parameters and environmentally safe, as demonstrated by the experimental results

Avaliação da presença do vírus influenza em suínos no sul do Brasil.

bitstream/item/57440/1/CUsersPiazzonDocumentsColecao-DigitalBoletim-de-Pesquisa-10.pdfProjeto/Plano de Ação: 16.00.300.04-00

EDUCA – COMPUTATIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR DESIGN AND SHARING OF THE ACESSIBLE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS

This paper describe the main characteristics of the EducA – an environment to support of the design, management and sharing of the accessible pedagogical materials. The EducA provides resources adaptability and adaptively interface to maximize the user interaction process with the environment

FLAXSEED MEAL FEEDING TO DAIRY COWS AS A STRATEGY TO IMPROVE MILK ENTEROLACTONE CONCENTRATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

ABSTRACT: Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) is the richest source of the plant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). In mammals, including bovine, SDG is converted to the mammalian lignans enterolactone (EL) and enterodiol (ED) by the action of gastrointestinal microbes. There is a great deal of interest in promoting increased intakes of lignans in humans’ diet due to the potential health benefits of mammalian lignans, especially in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolaemia, breast and prostate cancers, and osteoporosis. Consumption of milk and dairy products enriched in EL could be an excellent strategy to increase the intake of lignans by humans. This literature review will focus on presenting feeding strategies capable to improve milk enterolactone concentration. Research has demonstrated the potential of flaxseed meal (FM) feeding to dairy cows as a strategy to improve milk EL concentration, therefore enhancing milk nutraceutical proprieties. A considerable number of studies have demonstrated that feeding vegetable lignans-rich sources, such as FM, to dairy cows improves EL in milk. Additionally, it has been reported that changes in the carbohydrate profile of FM-based diets fed to dairy cows can alter the output of milk EL. The application of animal nutrition as a tool to increase nutraceutical properties of milk (i.e. increased EL concentration) is a valuable strategy for promoting the association of milk with humans’ health benefits and is of great interest in contemporary society. Keywords: nutraceutical proprieties, bioactive compounds, lignans, dairy cows, disease risk reductionO farelo de linhaça na dieta de vacas leiteiras como estratégia para aumentar a concentração de enterolactona no leite: revisão de literatura   RESUMO: A linhaça (Linum usitatissimum) é a principal fonte da lignana vegetal secoisolariciresinol diglucosídeo (SDG). Em mamíferos, incluindo bovinos, SDG é precursor para a síntese das lignanas de mamíferos enterolactona (EL) e enterodiol (ED) pelos microrganismos gastrointestinais. Existe um grande interesse em promover o aumento da ingestão de lignanas na dieta humana devido aos potenciais benefícios da EL a saúde, incluindo principalmente a prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares, hipercolesterolemia, câncer de mama e de próstata e osteoporose. Assim, objetivou-se fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre estratégias de alimentação capazes de melhorar a concentração de enterolactona no leite, melhorando assim a atividade biológica e os benefícios do leite para a saúde humana.fontes ricas em lignanas vegetais, como o farelo de linhaça (FM), aumenta a concentração de EL no leite. Além disso, estudos têm demonstrado que mudanças no perfil de carboidratos de dietas à base de FM fornecidas a vacas leiteiras alteram a concentração de EL do leite. A aplicação da nutrição animal como ferramenta para aumentar as propriedades nutracêuticas do leite (ex. aumentar a concentração de EL) é uma estratégia valiosa para promover a associação do leite com benefícios à saúde humana e é de grande interesse na sociedade moderna. Palavras-chave: propriedades nutracêuticas do leite; compostos bioativos; lignanas; redução do risco de doenças; bovinocultura leiteira.   ABSTRACT: Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) is the richest source of the plant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). In mammals, including bovine, SDG is converted to the mammalian lignans enterolactone (EL) and enterodiol (ED) by the action of gastrointestinal microbes. There is a great deal of interest in promoting increased intakes of lignans in humans’ diet due to the potential health benefits of mammalian lignans, especially in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolaemia, breast and prostate cancers, and osteoporosis. Consumption of milk and dairy products enriched in EL could be an excellent strategy to increase the intake of lignans by humans. This literature review will focus on presenting feeding strategies capable to improve milk enterolactone concentration. Research has demonstrated the potential of flaxseed meal (FM) feeding to dairy cows as a strategy to improve milk EL concentration, therefore enhancing milk nutraceutical proprieties. A considerable number of studies have demonstrated that feeding vegetable lignans-rich sources, such as FM, to dairy cows improves EL in milk. Additionally, it has been reported that changes in the carbohydrate profile of FM-based diets fed to dairy cows can alter the output of milk EL. The application of animal nutrition as a tool to increase nutraceutical properties of milk (i.e. increased EL concentration) is a valuable strategy for promoting the association of milk with humans’ health benefits and is of great interest in contemporary society. Keywords: milk nutraceutical proprieties; bioactive compounds; lignans; disease risk reduction; dairy cattle production.