First-time lidar measurement of water vapor flux in a volcanic plume

The CO2 laser-based lidar ATLAS has been used to study the Stromboli volcano plume. ATLAS measured water vapor concentration in cross-sections of the plume and wind speed at the crater. Water vapor concentration and wind speed were retrieved by differential absorption lidar and correlation technique, respectively. Lidar returns were obtained up to a range of 3 km. The spatial resolution was 15 mand the temporal resolution was 20 s. By combining these measurements, the water vapor flux in the Stromboli volcano plume was found. To our knowledge, it is the first time that lidar retrieves water vapor concentrations in a volcanic plume.Published1295–12981.10. TTC - TelerilevamentoJCR Journalreserve

Fully-digital low-frequency lock-in amplifier for photoluminescence measurements

Lock-in amplifiers, used in several experimental physics applications, are instruments performing quadrature demodulation, which is useful when signals are affected by much noise. Generally, commercially-available lock-in amplifiers are very accurate, but expensive, especially if their operating range includes radiofrequencies. In many applications, high precision is not necessary for the measurements, but it is preferable to have low-cost, low-weight, compactness and a user-friendly graphical unit interface. In this paper, we describe a new fully-digital low-frequency lock-in amplifier developed at ENEA C.R. Frascati Laboratories for photoluminescence experiments based on an innovative low-cost architecture and processing algorithms. The hardware, firmware and software developed for the whole photoluminescence measurement set-up is presented. The present lock-in was first characterized with synthetic electrical sine wave signals and white noise. A dynamic reserve of 43 dB and a noise figure in the range of 25–44 dB were estimated. These results show compatibility with several measurement applications, such as photoluminescence, and the adequacy of the resolutions with respect to the hardware costs. Finally, preliminary results of photoluminescence measurements are presented

Los papeles y funciones del enfermero de salud laboral en Brasil y en los Estados Unidos de America

Cross-sectional exploratory research developed to outline the roles and functions of occupational health nurses (OHNs) in Brazil and compare them with those in the United States. The sample consisted of 154 Brazilian occupational health nurses. First, the instrument Job Analysis Survey of Occupational Health Nursing Practice was translated into Portuguese, followed by data collection and data analysis, comparing the results of the proposed study in Brazil with the findings of a job delineation study conducted in the United States. It was found that most were women, white, between 41 and 50 years of age and working primarily at hospitals or medical centers as clinicians and managers/administrators. Besides, it was found that most Brazilian OHNs spend more time in managerial roles, followed by consultant and educator responsibilities while, in the United States, OHNs spend significantly more time in education/advisory roles.Investigación transversal realizada con el objetivo de definir los papeles y funciones de los enfermeros de salud laboral (ESLs) en Brasil y compararles con los de los Estados Unidos de América (EUA). La muestra fue compuesta por ciento cincuenta y cuatro enfermeros de salud laboral brasileños. Primero, fue realizada la traducción de lo instrumento Job Analysis Survey of Occupational Health Nursing Practice para el Portugués, seguido de la recolecta y análisis de los datos, comparándolos con los hallazgos de un estudio conducido en los EUA. Se encontró que la mayoría eran mujeres, blancas, entre 41 y 50 años e trabajan en hospitales y centros médicos como enfermeros clínicos y administradores. También se encontró que ESLs brasileños dedican más tiempo en funciones administrativas, seguidas de responsabilidades de consultoría y educador, mientras en los EUA los ESLs dedican significativamente más tiempo en funciones educativas y de asesoría.Estudo transversal desenvolvido com o objetivo de delinear as responsabilidades e funções das enfermeiras do trabalho no Brasil e compará-las às atribuições das enfermeiras de saúde ocupacional nos Estados Unidos. A amostra foi composta por 154 enfermeiras do trabalho. Inicialmente, foi realizada a tradução para a língua portuguesa do instrumento de coleta de dados Job Analysis Survey of Occupational Health Nursing Practice, seguido da coleta e análise dos resultados, comparando-os aos dados obtidos num estudo realizado nos EUA. Foi constatado que a maioria das enfermeiras eram mulheres, brancas, com faixa etária entre 41 e 50 anos e trabalhavam em hospitais e centros médicos como enfermeiras clínicas ou administradoras. Além disso, observou-se que as enfermeiras brasileiras despendem maior tempo em funções administrativas, atividades de consultoria e ações educativas, enquanto que as enfermeiras norte-americanas gastam um tempo significativamente maior desenvolvendo papéis educativos e de consultoria

Laser remote sensing calibration of ocean color satellite data

world ocean: in fact, those processes dramatically affect the climatic equilibrium of our planet. For this reason, many advanced active and passive remote sensors have been used to study phytoplankton dynamics, since such phenomena are thought to be responsible for the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, one of the most important greenhouse gases. In this paper, one laser system and three satellite radiometers routinely used for the study of the phytoplankton dynamics will be briefly reviewed. Satellite sensors have been preferred to airborne sensors because, to our knowledge, ocean color airborne radiometers have not been operated in Antarctica, at least not throughout the whole lapse of time examined in this study. Particular focus was on the laser system (ELF) and on a specific satellite radiometer (SeaWiFS). ELF is based on the laser-induced fluorescence of phytoplankton pigments and was conceived for the Italian expeditions to Antarctica. The goal of SeaWiFS is to provide the Earth science community with quantitative data on the global ocean bio-optical properties. Such satellite radiometer has been calibrated with in situ data mainly acquired in non polar regions. This is why a comparison between ELF and SeaWiFS measurements of chlorophyll-a surface concentrations in the Southern Ocean during the austral summer 1997-1998 was believed to be significant. Our results indicate that SeaWiFS overestimates high concentrations and underestimates low concentrations. In order to correct this behavior, the chlorophyll- a bio-optical algorithm of SeaWiFS has been recalibrated according to the measurements of ELF, thus providing a new estimation of the primary production in the Southern Ocean

can a rapid local cooling intervention help young soccer players?

The effects of a cooling strategy following repeated high-intensity running (RHIR) on soccer kicking performance in a hot environment (>30ºC) were investigated in youth soccer players. Fifteen academy under-17 players participated. In Experiment 1, players completed an all-out RHIR protocol (10×30 m, with 30s intervals). In Experiment 2 (cross-over design), participants performed this running protocol under two conditions: (1) following RHIR 5 minutes of cooling where ice packs were applied to the quadriceps/hamstrings, (2) a control condition involving passive resting. Perceptual measures [ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), pain and recovery], thigh temperature and kick-derived video three-dimensional kinematics (lower limb) and performance (ball speed and two-dimensional placement indices) were collected at baseline, post-exercise and intervention. In Experiment 1, RHIR led to small- to-large impairments (p < 0.03;d = −0.42–-1.83) across perceptual, kinematic and performance measures. In experiment 2, RPE (p < 0.01; Kendall’s W = 0.30) and mean radial error (p = 0.057; η2 = 0.234) increased only post-control. Significant small declines in ball speed were also observed post-control (p < 0.05; d = 0.35). Post-intervention foot centre-of-mass velocity was moderately faster in the cooling compared to control condition (p = 0.04; d = 0.60). In youth soccer players, a short cooling period was beneficial in counteracting declines in kicking performance, in particular ball placement, following intense running activity in the heat.9E1A-F9DD-3EB8 | Filipe Manuel ClementeN/

REAPROVEITAMENTO DA ÁGUA UTILIZADA NA LAVAGEM DE CANA DE AÇÚCAR ALIADO AO SEPARADOR SÓLIDO-LÍQUIDO PARA REMOÇÃO DE PARTICULADOS APLICADO A INDÚSTRIA SUCROALCOOLEIRA

Nas usinas sucroalcooleiras há diversos processos desde o recebimento da cana-de-açúcar, lavagem, moagem, separação do bagaço, destilação, até a finalização dos produtos. Dentre as diferentes etapas, destaca-se o processo de lavagem da cana-de-açúcar, pela alta demanda de recurso hídricos, correspondente a cerca de 25% do consumo de água na produção, acarretando custos consideráveis para captação de água e de outorga. Assim, reutilizar água do processo de lavagem é de grande importância para aumentar a eficiência e reduzir custos de produção. A recirculação da água de lavagem da cana (ALC) requer tratamentos para manutenção da qualidade da água, como também para eliminação de partículas capazes de provocar desgaste nas bombas e tubulações, através da extração  do material sólido particulado (areia, terra e outros). Este trabalho é parte do projeto de pesquisa que visa estudar e desenvolver um separador sólido-líquido do tipo ciclone (desarenador) e tem como objetivos realizar uma revisão bibliográfica dos sistemas utilizados no tratamento da água de lavagem da cana nas indústrias, e os equipamentos e ensaios de laboratório para otimização destes tratamentos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: separação sólido-líquido; lavagem de cana; reciclo; sedimentação primária