Diàleg sobre ciència ciutadana i el seu impacte

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::10 - Reducció de les DesigualtatsObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::4 - Educació de Qualita

Sobre alguns tòpics referents a l'ensenyança secundària i la LOGSE

Abstract not availabl

El Pen y la Associació d'Escriptors reabren el debate sobre los autores catalanes en castellano

Publicat a El País

El dolor de espalda como lesión deportiva en jóvenes de 10-12 años

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la incidencia de dolor de espalda en jóvenes de entre 10 y 12 años en función de si practican o no algún deporte, cuál practican, con qué frecuencia, y las posibles diferencias entre género. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 2270 escolares (1214 niños y 1056 niñas) de 10-12 años de Mallorca. La muestra se obtuvo por conglomerados (centros escolares) por muestreo intencional. El cuestionario y la metodología de recogida de datos fueron previamente validados mediante el método test-retest. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la existencia de dolor de espalda fue del 38.3% (34.5% en niños y 42.8% en niñas). Existe una relación significativa entre dolor de espalda y practicar deporte o no, en niños positiva y en niñas negativa, pudiendo ser explicado por las diferencias del tipo de deportes practicados según el género. Los mayores índices de incidencia de dolor de espalda aparecen entre los que practican voleibol, gimnasia deportiva y natación más de 4 horas semanales, y los que practican gimnasia rítmica. Este estudio sugiere, a partir de los resultados obtenidos, que el dolor de espalda es un mal que afecta de manera importante a la población juvenil, en especial al género femenino, y que el tipo de deporte practicado, así como su frecuencia, es determinante a la hora de definir si un deporte puede ser o no un factor de riesgo asociado al dolor de espalda.The aim of this research study is to explore the existence of back pain in schoolchildren aged 10-12 years old related to sports practice or not, sports type, frequency, and gender differences. This study was carried out using a sample of 2270 schoolchildren (1214 boys and 1056 girls) aged 10-12, resident in Mallorca. The sample was chosen using intentional random sampling. The questionnaire and method for gathering the data were previously validated using the test-rest reliability method. The results show the existence of low back pain among 38.3% of the schoolchildren (34.5% boys and 42.8% girls) suffers from back pain. There is a significant relationship between back pain and sport practice, positively in boys and negativity in girls, being explicated for the different sports practice according to gender. The highest values of back pain incidence were found in volleyball, masculine gymnastics and swimming more the 4 hours per week, and in rhythmic gymnastics. This study suggests, according to the results, back pain as a problem that affects the young population, especially to girls. The type of sport and its frequency is determinant to define if a sport could be or not a risk factor related to low back pain.O objectivo desta investigação foi analisar a incidência da dor cervical em jovens com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e os 12 anos em função de praticarem ou não algum desporto, qual praticam, com que frequência, e as possíveis diferenças de género. O estudo foi levado a cabo em 2270 alunos (1214 rapazes e 1056 raparigas) de 10-12 anos de Maiorca. A amostra foi composta por conglomerados (centros escolares) por amostragem de conveniência. O questionário e a metodologia de recolha de dados foram previamente validados mediante o método de teste-reteste. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a existência de dor cervical foi de 28.3% (34.5% em rapazes e 42.8% em raparigas). Existe uma relação significativa entre a dor cervical e praticar ou não desporto, positiva em rapazes e negativa em raparigas, podendo isto ser explicado pelas diferenças no tipo de modalidades praticadas segundo o género. Os maiores índices de incidência de dor cervical registam-se entre os que praticam voleibol, ginástica desportiva e natação mais de 4 horas semanais, e os que praticam ginástica rítmica. Este estudo sugere, a partir dos resultados obtidos, que a dor cervical é um mal que afecta de forma importante a população juvenil, em particular o género feminino, e que o tipo de modalidade praticada, assim como a sua frequência, é determinante quando se define se um desporto pode ou não ser um factor de risco associado à dor cervical

Importància de la biomassa forestal en el mercat dels biocombustibles per a usos energètics

La bioenergia és energia produïda a partir de fonts biològiques renovables com la biomassa. La biomassa és un material d'origen biològic que es pot convertir en combustible (biocombustible) per a subministrar calor i electricitat. La bioenergia es pot obtenir de moltes formes de biocombustibles. Aquests inclouen els biocombustibles sòlids forestals, com són l'estella, el pèl·let, la llenya i les briquetes. El mercat de la biomassa es va implementant a Catalunya, cada cop més. De fet, les tendències d'aprofitament i d'ús de la biomassa forestal s'incrementen a mesura que es desenvolupa.Bioenergy is energy produced from renewable biological sources such as biomass. For its part, biomass is a biological material that can be turned into fuel (biofuel) to supply heat and electricity. Bioenergy can be obtained from many forms of biofuels. These include solid forest biofuels such as woodchips, pellets, firewood and briquettes. The biomass market is undergoing increasing implementation in Catalonia. In fact, the trends in the exploitation and use of forest biomass are rising in step with its development.La bioenergía es energía producida a partir de fuentes biológicas renovables como la biomasa. La biomasa es un material de origen biológico que se puede convertir en combustible (biocombustible) para suministrar calor y electricidad. La bioenergía se puede obtener de muchas formas de biocombustibles. Estos incluyen los biocombustibles sólidos forestales, como son la astilla, el pelet, la leña y las briquetas. El mercado de la biomasa se está implementando en Cataluña, cada vez más. De hecho, las tendencias de aprovechamiento y de uso de la biomasa forestal se incrementan a medida que se desarrolla

Perfil de hábitos deportivos de los preadolescentes de la isla de Mallorca

La práctica deportiva constituye una de las actividades de ocio preferidas por toda la población, pero los deportistas no forman en ningún momento un grupo homogéneo, atendiendo a que existen claras diferencies en función del género y de los factores sociodemográficos. Mientras que la etapa escolar coincide con el momento de máxima participación en actividades físicas y deportivas, la salida de la escuela coincide con el abandono masivo de esta práctica, a causa de la multiplicidad de factores que dependen de variables psicológicas y variables sociopersonales. El objetivo del artículo que a continuación se presenta, es identificar el perfil del deportista de la Isla de Mallorca en función de variables sociodemográficas y del nivel de práctica. Este trabajo forma parte de una amplia investigación realizada durante el ano 2001 que pretendía estudiar e identificar los hábitos de práctica deportiva de la población mallorquina de entre 10 y 14 anos. Para realizar dicho estudio se utilizó una muestra de 2661 personas y para la evaluación se utilizó un cuestionario de elaboración propia previamente validado y basado en otros autores. Los resultados obtenidos con este estudio, sugieren que la práctica deportiva se ha consolidado como estilo de vida en nuestra sociedad y ocupa un lugar preferente en el tiempo de ocio entre los preadolescentes mallorquines. Asimismo son resaltables las diferencias claramente significativas existentes entre hombres y mujeres de las edades motivo de estudio en cuanto a práctica deportiva fuera de las clases de Educación Física.Participating in sports is one of people's favourite leisure time activities, but athletes are not a homogeneous group at any time, owing to obvious differences in gender and socio-demographic factors. Maximum participation in physical and sport activities occurs during a child's school years. On the other hand, participation in sports drops massively when children leave school, owing to a multitude of factors that depend on psychological and socio-personal factors. The objective of this article is to identify the athletic profile of people from the island of Majorca in accordance with sociodemographic variables and levels of participation. This paper is part of research conducted during 2001 that aimed to study and identify the athletic habits of the Majorcan population between 10 and 14 years of age. A sample of 2661 subjects was studied and a previously validated questionnaire based on authors' work was used for evaluation. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that taking part in sports has been consolidated as a life style in our society and that it is a favourite occupation for Majorcan pre-adolescents during free time. It is also significant to emphasize the obvious differences between males and females in the age groups studied in connection with taking part in sports outside physical education classes

Active Time in Cooperative Activities, Quality of Life and Body Mass Index in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. A Model of Structural Equations

Current research shows that individuals with intellectual disabilities do not engage in enough physical activity to acquire health benefits. However, cooperative learning has been shown to be an effective tool for inclusion and for improving healthy physical habits. The aim of this study is to contrast an explanatory model which incorporates quality of life, active time in cooperative activities, body mass index and age, as well as to analyze, using multi-group structural equations, the existing associations according to the sex of subjects with intellectual disabilities. The convenience sampling used allowed the collection of data from a total of 156 subjects in Granada (Spain), aged between 18–55 years. In terms of gender, the sample was homogeneous, representing 52.6% (n = 82) for women and 47.4% (n = 74) for men. The active time during the cooperative learning was recorded with the Xiaomi Mi Band 2 activity band, for the quality of life scale (GENCAT) was used, and the body mass index was calculated through its standardized equation. Age was directly associated with body mass index in both sexes. Likewise, age was positively related to the active time of women. Quality of life was directly associated with active time and body mass index was inversely related to active time. This study shows the importance of active time during work and cooperative learning in individuals with intellectual disabilities, as it is associated with an improvement in the quality of life and a reduction in the problems of sedentarism, overweight, and obesity

Relaciones entre calidad de vida, actividad física, sedentarismo y fitness cardiorrespiratorio en niños

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between some domains of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity level, sedentary lifestyle (screen time) and the body mass index of a population of 302 children eleven and twelve years of age to determine whether physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness) is a key factor, to ensure the future quality of life of children. Children's health and Illness profile - Child edition - Parent Report Form - Spanish Edition - (CHIP-CE / PRF-Spanish edition) was used to measure HRQoL, the 20m run test for cardiorespiratory fitness, and the School Health Action, Planning and Evaluation (SHAPES) physical activity module was used to measure weekly physical activity and screen time. Parents reported height and weight. The results show a strong correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness and HRQoL, and screen time with HRQoL, but no correlation between HRQoL and physical activity

Enhancing hepatic fatty acid oxidation as a strategy for reversing metabolic disorders programmed by maternal undernutrition during gestation

Background/Aims: Moderate maternal calorie-restriction during gestation programmes offspring for a major propensity to develop metabolic alterations in adulthood. We aimed to assess whether increased hepatic fatty-acid oxidation (FAO), at early ages, by gene transfer of Cpt1am (active mutant of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a), may be a strategy for reversing metabolic disturbances associated to maternal calorie-restriction during gestation in rats. Methods: AAV-Gfp (control) and AAV-Cpt1am vectors were administered by tail vein injection in 18-day-old control-pups and the offspring of 20% calorie-restricted rats during gestation (CR). After weaning, animals were fed with normal-fat diet. At the age of 4 months, they were moved to HF-diet and sacrificed at the age of 6 months to collect tissues. Locomotive activity, energy expenditure and blood pressure were measured. Results: Under HF-diet, CR-animals showed higher HOMA-IR, adipocyte diameter and hepatic triglyceride accumulation than controls; these alterations were reverted in Cpt1am-injected animals. In liver, this treatment ameliorated inflammatory state, decreased expression of lipogenesis-related genes and partially restored the decreased expression of leptin-receptor occurring in CR-animals. Treatment also reverted the decreased energy expenditure and the increased blood pressure of CR-animals. Conclusion: Increasing hepatic FAO through AAV-Cpt1am injection at juvenile ages prevents some metabolic disorders associated to gestational maternal calorie-restriction