Paralelismo sintáctico-semántico para el tratamiento de elementos extrapuestos en textos no restringidos

En este artículo presentamos un método basado en la teoría del paralelismo para la identificación y resolución de elementos extrapuestos en textos no restringidos. Esta teoría de paralelismo está basada en (Palomar 96) y se amplía con el desarrollo de técnicas de análisis parcial –en las que se estudia las partes relevantes del texto- que facilitan la resolución de los fenómenos lingüísticos. Nos basaremos en los programas Datalog extendidos (Dahl 94) (Dahl 95) como herramienta para la definición e implementación de gramáticas. Éstas no están basadas en reglas gramaticales sino en la detección de información relevante, relajando el proceso y ampliando el conjunto potencial de textos analizables.Este artículo ha sido subvencionado por el proyecto CICYT nº TIC97-0671-C02-01/02

Sentiment classification for early detection of health alerts in the chemical textile domain

In the chemical textile domain experts have to analyse chemical components and substances that might be harmful for their usage in clothing and textiles. Part of this analysis is performed searching opinions and reports people have expressed concerning these products in the Social Web. However, this type of information on the Internet is not as frequent for this domain as for others, so its detection and classification is difficult and time-consuming. Consequently, problems associated to the use of chemical substances in textiles may not be detected early enough, and could lead to health problems, such as allergies or burns. In this paper, we propose a framework able to detect, retrieve, and classify subjective sentences related to the chemical textile domain, that could be integrated into a wider health surveillance system. We also describe the creation of several datasets with opinions from this domain, the experiments performed using machine learning techniques and different lexical resources such as WordNet, and the evaluation focusing on the sentiment classification, and complaint detection (i.e., negativity). Despite the challenges involved in this domain, our approach obtains promising results with an F-score of 65% for polarity classification and 82% for complaint detection.Financial support given by the Department of Software and Computer Systems at the University of Alicante, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (Spanish Government) by the project grants TEXT- MESS 2.0 (TIN2009-13391-C04-01), LEGOLANG (TIN2012-31224), and the Valencian Government (grant no. PROMETEO/2009/119)

The virtual tour of the architectural artistic heritage as an educational resource in the subjects of graphic expression

Este artículo plantea las posibilidades que ofrece el uso de la visita virtual del patrimonio artístico arquitectónico como recurso educativo en las asignaturas de Expresión Gráfica. Pone de manifiesto el protagonismo que han adquirido las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en el ámbito educativo, y el cambio que ha significado, en la representación de la realidad, la aparición de nuevas herramientas de software, que permiten un grado de fidelidad y de realismo ciertamente impactante. Al limitarse la propuesta docente que aquí se hace al patrimonio artístico arquitectónico, solo se analizan las potencialidades educativas de dos tipos de visitas virtuales: la visita virtual de las representaciones del patrimonio existente y la visita de las reconstrucciones virtuales del patrimonio desaparecido

A novel concept-level approach for ultra-concise opinion summarization

The Web 2.0 has resulted in a shift as to how users consume and interact with the information, and has introduced a wide range of new textual genres, such as reviews or microblogs, through which users communicate, exchange, and share opinions. The exploitation of all this user-generated content is of great value both for users and companies, in order to assist them in their decision-making processes. Given this context, the analysis and development of automatic methods that can help manage online information in a quicker manner are needed. Therefore, this article proposes and evaluates a novel concept-level approach for ultra-concise opinion abstractive summarization. Our approach is characterized by the integration of syntactic sentence simplification, sentence regeneration and internal concept representation into the summarization process, thus being able to generate abstractive summaries, which is one the most challenging issues for this task. In order to be able to analyze different settings for our approach, the use of the sentence regeneration module was made optional, leading to two different versions of the system (one with sentence regeneration and one without). For testing them, a corpus of 400 English texts, gathered from reviews and tweets belonging to two different domains, was used. Although both versions were shown to be reliable methods for generating this type of summaries, the results obtained indicate that the version without sentence regeneration yielded to better results, improving the results of a number of state-of-the-art systems by 9%, whereas the version with sentence regeneration proved to be more robust to noisy data.This research work has been partially funded by the University of Alicante, Generalitat Valenciana, Spanish Government and the European Commission through the projects, “Tratamiento inteligente de la información para la ayuda a la toma de decisiones” (GRE12-44), “Explotación y tratamiento de la información disponible en Internet para la anotación y generación de textos adaptados al usuario” (GRE13-15), DIIM2.0 (PROMETEOII/2014/001), ATTOS (TIN2012-38536-C03-03), LEGOLANG-UAGE (TIN2012-31224), SAM (FP7-611312), and FIRST (FP7-287607)

Team GPLSI at AuTexTification Shared Task: Determining the Authorship of a Text

AuTexTification is a shared task within the IberLEF workshop which aims to determine whether a text has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence (AI) or a human. The objective of this paper is to report the participation and results of the GPLSI team from the University of Alicante (Spain) in subtask 1: Human or Generated of the AuTexTification challenge for English and Spanish languages. We propose and experiment with different approaches based on Transfer Learning; Ensemble Learning; fine-tuning existing language models, such as RoBERTa or RemBERT; or relying on linguistic features. Our best models for both languages were trained through Transfer Learning techniques, obtaining the 6th and 8th position in the English and Spanish versions of this subtask, respectively. Results obtained in the Spanish-version were close to the top-performing team.This research work is part of the R&D projects “CORTEX: Conscious Text Generation” (PID2021-123956OB-I00) and “TRIVIAL: Technological Resources for Intelligent VIral AnaLysis through NLP” (PID2021-122263OB-C22), both funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, and “CLEAR.TEXT:Enhancing the modernization public sector organizations by deploying Natural Language Processing to make their digital content CLEARER to those with cognitive disabilities” (TED2021-130707B-I00), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. Moreover, it has been also partially funded by the Generalitat Valenciana through the project “NL4DISMIS: Natural Language Technologies for dealing with dis- and misinformation with grant reference (CIPROM/2021/21)", and by the European Commission ICT COST Action “Multi-task, Multilingual, Multi-modal Language Generation” (CA18231)

Multidimensional Data Analysis for Enhancing In-Depth Knowledge on the Characteristics of Science and Technology Parks

The role played by science and technology parks (STPs) in technology transfer, industrial innovation, and economic growth is examined in this paper. The accurate monitoring of their evolution and impact is hindered by the lack of uniformity in STP models or goals, and the scarcity of high-quality datasets. This work uses existing terminologies, definitions, and core features of STPs to conduct a multidimensional data analysis that explores and evaluates the 21 core features which describe the key internal factors of an STP. The core features are gathered from a reliable and updatable dataset of Spanish STPs. The methodological framework can be replicated for other STP contexts and is based on descriptive techniques and machine-learning tools. The results of the study provide an overview of the general situation of STPs in Spain, validate the existence and characteristics of three types of STPs, and identify the typical features of STPs. Moreover, the prototype STP can be used as a benchmark so that other STPs can identify the features that need to be improved. Finally, this work makes it possible to carry out classifications of STPs, in addition to prediction and decision making for innovation ecosystems.This research work has been partially funded by the Generalitat Valenciana through the project NL4DISMIS: Natural Language Technologies for dealing with dis- and misinformation with grant reference (CIPROM/2021/21); the Ministry of Science and Innovation, PID2021-123956OB-I00, CORTEX; PID2021-122263OB-C22 COOLANG; and the R&D project CLEARTEXT TED2021-130707B-I00

Compression failure characterization of cancellous bone combining experimental testing, digital image correlation and finite element modeling

[EN] Cancellous bone yield strain has been reported in the literature to be relatively constant and independent from microstructure and apparent density, while fracture strain shows higher scattering. The objective of this work is to assess this hypothesis, characterizing the compression fracture in cancellous bone from a numerical approach and relating it to morphological parameters. Quasi-static compression fractures of cancellous bone samples are modeled using high-resolution image-based finite elements, correlating the numerical models and experimental results. The yield strain and the strain at fracture are inferred from the micro-CT-based finite element models by inverse analysis. The validation of the fracture models is carried out through digital image correlation (DIC). To develop this work, cancellous bone parallelepiped-shaped specimens were prepared and micro-CT scanned at 22 mu m spatial resolution. A morphometric analysis was carried out for each specimen in order to characterize its microstructure. Quasi-static compression tests were conducted, recording the force-displacement response and a sequence of images during testing for the application of the DIC technique. This was applied without the need of a speckle pattern benefiting from the irregular microstructure of cancellous bone. The finite element models are also used to simulate the local fracture of trabeculae at the micro level using a combination of continuum damage mechanics and the element deletion technique. Equivalent strain, computed both from DIC and micro-FE, was the best predictor of the compression fracture pattern. The procedure followed in this work permits the estimation of failure parameters that are difficult to measure experimentally, which can be used in numerical models.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades grant numbers DPI2013-46641-R and DPI2017-89197-C2-2-R and the Generalitat Valenciana (Programme PROMETEO 2016/007). The micro-CT acquisitions were performed at CENIEH facilities with the collaboration of CENIEH staff. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the collaboration of Ms. Lucia Gomez.Belda, R.; Palomar-Toledano, M.; Peris Serra, JL.; Vercher Martínez, A.; Giner Maravilla, E. (2020). Compression failure characterization of cancellous bone combining experimental testing, digital image correlation and finite element modeling. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 165:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.105213S112165Gold, D. T. (2001). The Nonskeletal Consequences of Osteoporotic Fractures. 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Journal of Biomechanics, 38(4), 707-716. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.05.013Garcia, D., Zysset, P. K., Charlebois, M., & Curnier, A. (2008). A three-dimensional elastic plastic damage constitutive law for bone tissue. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 8(2), 149-165. doi:10.1007/s10237-008-0125-2Ridha, H., & Thurner, P. J. (2013). Finite element prediction with experimental validation of damage distribution in single trabeculae during three-point bending tests. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 27, 94-106. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.07.005Hambli, R. (2012). A quasi-brittle continuum damage finite element model of the human proximal femur based on element deletion. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 51(1-2), 219-231. doi:10.1007/s11517-012-0986-5Fan, R., Gong, H., Zhang, X., Liu, J., Jia, Z., & Zhu, D. (2016). Modeling the Mechanical Consequences of Age-Related Trabecular Bone Loss by XFEM Simulation. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2016, 1-12. doi:10.1155/2016/3495152Vellwock, A. E., Vergani, L., & Libonati, F. (2018). A multiscale XFEM approach to investigate the fracture behavior of bio-inspired composite materials. Composites Part B: Engineering, 141, 258-264. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.12.062Hambli, R. (2010). Multiscale prediction of crack density and crack length accumulation in trabecular bone based on neural networks and finite element simulation. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, 27(4), 461-475. doi:10.1002/cnm.1413Hambli, R. (2011). Apparent damage accumulation in cancellous bone using neural networks. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 4(6), 868-878. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.03.002Lemaitre, J. (1985). A Continuous Damage Mechanics Model for Ductile Fracture. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 107(1), 83-89. doi:10.1115/1.3225775Turner, C. H., & Burr, D. B. (1993). 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A Review of Surface Deformation and Strain Measurement Using Two-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation. Metrology and Measurement Systems, 23(3), 461-480. doi:10.1515/mms-2016-0028Palanca, M., Tozzi, G., & Cristofolini, L. (2015). The use of digital image correlation in the biomechanical area: a review. International Biomechanics, 3(1), 1-21. doi:10.1080/23335432.2015.1117395Grassi, L., & Isaksson, H. (2015). Extracting accurate strain measurements in bone mechanics: A critical review of current methods. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 50, 43-54. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.06.006Bayraktar, H. H., Morgan, E. F., Niebur, G. L., Morris, G. E., Wong, E. K., & Keaveny, T. M. (2004). Comparison of the elastic and yield properties of human femoral trabecular and cortical bone tissue. Journal of Biomechanics, 37(1), 27-35. doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00257-4Carretta, R., Stüssi, E., Müller, R., & Lorenzetti, S. (2013). Within subject heterogeneity in tissue-level post-yield mechanical and material properties in human trabecular bone. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 24, 64-73. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.04.014Linde, F., & Sørensen, H. C. F. (1993). The effect of different storage methods on the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. Journal of Biomechanics, 26(10), 1249-1252. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(93)90072-mLinde, F., & Hvid, I. (1987). Stiffness behaviour of trabecular bone specimens. Journal of Biomechanics, 20(1), 83-89. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(87)90270-3Keaveny, T. M., Borchers, R. E., Gibson, L. J., & Hayes, W. C. (1993). Theoretical analysis of the experimental artifact in trabecular bone compressive modulus. Journal of Biomechanics, 26(4-5), 599-607. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(93)90021-6Keaveny, T. M., Guo, X. E., Wachtel, E. F., McMahon, T. A., & Hayes, W. C. (1994). Trabecular bone exhibits fully linear elastic behavior and yields at low strains. Journal of Biomechanics, 27(9), 1127-1136. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(94)90053-1Keaveny, T. M., Pinilla, T. P., Crawford, R. P., Kopperdahl, D. L., & Lou, A. (1997). Systematic and random errors in compression testing of trabecular bone. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 15(1), 101-110. doi:10.1002/jor.1100150115Correlated Solutions. VIC-2d v6 reference manual. 2016. http://www.correlatedsolutions.com/supportcontent/Vic-2D-v6-Manual.pdf.Whitehouse, W. J. (1974). The quantitative morphology of anisotropic trabecular bone. Journal of Microscopy, 101(2), 153-168. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1974.tb03878.xKabel, J., van Rietbergen, B., Dalstra, M., Odgaard, A., & Huiskes, R. (1999). The role of an effective isotropic tissue modulus in the elastic properties of cancellous bone. Journal of Biomechanics, 32(7), 673-680. doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(99)00045-7Nalla, R. K., Kinney, J. H., & Ritchie, R. O. (2003). Mechanistic fracture criteria for the failure of human cortical bone. Nature Materials, 2(3), 164-168. doi:10.1038/nmat832Taylor, D. (2003). A crack growth model for the simulation of fatigue in bone. International Journal of Fatigue, 25(5), 387-395. doi:10.1016/s0142-1123(02)00165-2Burr, D. B., & Stafford, T. (1990). Validity of the Bulk-Staining Technique to Separate Artifactual From In Vivo Bone Microdamage. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 260, 305-308. doi:10.1097/00003086-199011000-00047Keaveny, T. M., & Hayes, W. C. (1993). A 20-Year Perspective on the Mechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 115(4B), 534-542. doi:10.1115/1.2895536Wolfram, U., Wilke, H.-J., & Zysset, P. K. (2011). Damage accumulation in vertebral trabecular bone depends on loading mode and direction. Journal of Biomechanics, 44(6), 1164-1169. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.01.018Kopperdahl, D. L., & Keaveny, T. M. (1998). Yield strain behavior of trabecular bone. Journal of Biomechanics, 31(7), 601-608. doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(98)00057-8Hara, T., Tanck, E., Homminga, J., & Huiskes, R. (2002). The influence of microcomputed tomography threshold variations on the assessment of structural and mechanical trabecular bone properties. Bone, 31(1), 107-109. doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00782-2Parkinson, I. H., Badiei, A., & Fazzalari, N. L. (2008). Variation in segmentation of bone from micro-CT imaging: implications for quantitative morphometric analysis. Australasian Physics & Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 31(2), 160-164. doi:10.1007/bf03178592Wachtel, E. F., & Keaveny, T. M. (1997). Dependence of trabecular damage on mechanical strain. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 15(5), 781-787. doi:10.1002/jor.1100150522Nazarian, A., Meier, D., Müller, R., & Snyder, B. D. (2009). Functional dependence of cancellous bone shear properties on trabecular microstructure evaluated using time-lapsed micro-computed tomographic imaging and torsion testing. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 27(12), 1667-1674. doi:10.1002/jor.20931Schwiedrzik, J., Taylor, A., Casari, D., Wolfram, U., Zysset, P., & Michler, J. (2017). Nanoscale deformation mechanisms and yield properties of hydrated bone extracellular matrix. Acta Biomaterialia, 60, 302-314. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.030Bevill, G., Eswaran, S. K., Gupta, A., Papadopoulos, P., & Keaveny, T. M. (2006). Influence of bone volume fraction and architecture on computed large-deformation failure mechanisms in human trabecular bone. Bone, 39(6), 1218-1225. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2006.06.016Althouse, A. D. (2016). Adjust for Multiple Comparisons? It’s Not That Simple. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 101(5), 1644-1645. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.11.02

Percepciones y experiencias vividas por el paciente con un primer infarto, e impacto en su entorno social, familiar y laboral

Objetivo: describir la experiencia vivida en la fase aguda del infarto de debut. Analizar la adaptación al entorno habitual. Método: estudio descriptivo cualitativo fenomenológico. Población: pacientes entre 30 y 60 años de edad, que debutan con síndrome coronario agudo e ingresan para revascularización mediante angioplastia primaria, en el Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital de la Santa Cruz y San Pablo(HSCSP) de Barcelona. Muestreo de conveniencia: 11 pacientes sometidos a entrevista semiestructurada entre 1 y 3 meses después del alta hospitalaria. Las entrevistas se graban y transcriben palabra por palabra. Para el análisis se usó el método Giorgi. Se codificaron e identificaron las unidades de significación, se agruparon los significados comunes y se destacaron los aspectos principales de la experiencia vivida. Resultados: 3 mujeres y 8 hombres, con edad media 45,5 años (39-62) Se identificaron 8 categorías: reconocimiento problema de salud, aspectos cognitivos, interacción familiares/amigos, adaptación situación, percepción salud / enfermedad, vulnerabilidad, información y creencias. Hay gran variabilidad en la presentación de la crisis isquémica y su vivencia, desde la tranquilidad al terror y sensación de muerte inminente, o la posibilidad de resultar una carga para la familia. 5 pacientes reconocen estar sufriendo un infarto; la familia ejerce mayor control que apoyo; les cuesta adaptarse a la situación, dispuestos a establecer los cambios de hábitos necesarios, pero reclaman más información para sentirse seguros. Conclusiones: a pesar de la repermeabilización coronaria temprana, el Infarto representa un impacto con repercusiones en la vida laboral y familiar que afectan al proceso de normalización. La vulnerabilidad individual se altera fundamentalmente por la experiencia de temor en la fase aguda y la pérdida de apoyo familiar al alta. La reincorporación laboral sigue dos patrones opuestos, retraso relacionado con el temor y aceleración para demostrar normalidad. La incertidumbre creada por la enfermedad afecta el proceso de normalización por lo que el establecimiento de sistemas de vigilancia basados en la comunicación bidireccional y que favorezcan la accesibilidad puede disminuir esta incertidumbre y mejorar la accesibilidad a la salud

Dossier Next

Dossier Next es una aplicación web que permite rastrear y clasificar de forma automática y periódica la información procedente de cualquier tipo de fuente de internet con contenido textual i.e. páginas web, periódicos digitales, boletines oficiales, etc., extrayendo únicamente la información más interesante para el usuario y descartando el resto. Para comenzar la recolección de información, el usuario debe indicar las fuentes a partir de las cuales desea obtener información, haciendo referencia a cada una las partes de interés para la recuperación de información, i.e. título, cuerpo, fecha, autor, etc. Para que el sistema pueda decidir qué contenido es relevante para el usuario, éste debe indicar también una serie de palabras claves, que deben aparecer en el documento en cuestión. Una vez establecida esta configuración del sistema se procede a descargar toda la información deseada por el usuario. Desde la página inicial se pueden visualizar los documentos por fecha y fuente.Dossier Next is a web application that allows you to automatically and periodically track and classify information from any type of Internet source with textual content i.e. web pages, digital newspapers, official bulletins, etc., extracting only the most interesting information for the user and discarding the rest. To start collecting information, the user must define the sources from which to obtain information, indicating for each one the relevant document parts i.e. title, body, date, author, etc. How the user sets-up the searching criteria? The user must also indicate a series of keywords, which must appear in the document to be considered relevant. Once this system configuration is established, all the information desired by the user is downloaded. From the home page you can display the documents by date and source.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por la Universidad de Alicante (España), la Generalitat Valenciana y el Gobierno Español a través de los proyectos Tecnologías del Lenguaje Humano para una Sociedad Inclusiva Igualitaria y Accesible (PROMETEU/2018/089), Modelado del Comportamiento de Entidades Digitales mediante Tecnologías del Lenguaje Humano (RTI2018- 094653-B-C22) e Integer: Intelligent Text Generation, Generación Inteligente de Textos (RTI2018-094649-B-I00)

Use of maggots therapy in necrotic wounds: literature review

Objetivo: conocer el uso de la terapia larval como alternativa en el tratamiento de heridas necróticas. Metodología: revisión estructurada mediante búsqueda bibliográfica de documentos primarios y secundarios relacionados con la terapia larval en heridas. Selección de artículos por criterios de inclusión y análisis de la calidad según la escala SIGN. Resultados: de 56 artículos fueron seleccionados 11: dos revisiones sistemáticas, cuatro ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, tres revisiones bibliográficas y 2 series de casos. La terapia larval se la relaciona con tres acciones: desbridante, antimicrobiana y estimuladora de la granulación. Es aplicada como técnica alternativa o paliativa. Suele tener escaso rechazo por parte de los pacientes, aunque es probable que produzca dolor. Conclusiones: la terapia larval es una terapia eficaz, segura, simple y no costosa para tratar úlceras y heridas necróticas húmedas. Tiene una función desbridante muy potente y rápida, pero asociado con dolor; así como, la eficacia de la acción antimicrobiana y de estimulación del tejido de granulación no es concluyente con la bibliografía actual.Objective: to know the use of larval therapy as an alternative in the treatment of necrotic wounds. Methodology: structured review through bibliographic search of primary and secondary documents related to larval therapy in wounds. Selection of articles by inclusion criteria and quality analysis according to the SIGN scale. Results: of 56 articles were selected 11: two systematic reviews, four randomized clinical trials, three literature reviews and two clinic case series. The larval therapy is related to three actions: debridement, antimicrobial and granulation stimulator. It is applied as an alternative or palliative technique. Usually have little rejection by patients, although it is likely to produce pain. Conclusions: larval therapy is an effective, safe, simple and inexpensive therapy to treat ulcers and humid necrotic wounds. It has a very powerful and fast debriding function, but associated with pain; as well as the efficacy of antimicrobial action and stimulation of granulation tissue is not conclusive with the current literature.Enfermerí