Midiendo la efectividad de dos políticas públicas en los sectores de mercado laboral e infraestructura urbana. Evidencia experimental y cuasi-experimental de países en desarrollo

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico I, leída el 11-01-2016La tesis presenta evidencia rigurosa de la efectividad de las políticas públicas utilizando metodologías experimentales y cuasi-experimentales. La tesis comienza con una introducción completa y una revisión rigurosa de las metodologías que se utilizarán en el análisis posterior de los datos. El primer capítulo, "Habilidades personales y habilidades técnicas en programas de formación de jóvenes. Evidencia Experimental de Largo Plazo de República Dominicana ", evalúa el impacto de un programa de empleo de los jóvenes en una serie de variables de interés. El programa ofrece capacitación en las habilidades vocacionales y en las habilidades no cognitivas a jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión social. Cabe destacar que la metodología utilizada para evaluar el programa es un ensayo controlado aleatorio, que proporciona evidencia robusta del efecto causal del programa. Mientras que estudios previos analizaron el impacto de los programas para jóvenes relacionados, ningún estudio anterior había evaluado los efectos de 4 años después de la implementación del programa. Esto representa una contribución importante debido a que las ganancias a corto plazo de varios programas de desarrollo han demostrado no ser sostenida en el tiempo. Esto es también lo que este estudio encuentra para los resultados del mercado de trabajo: mientras que el programa genera una mejora a corto plazo de los resultados de empleo para las mujeres, este efecto se disipa en el largo plazo. Sin embargo, el programa parece conducir a cambios persistentes en las expectativas del mercado de trabajo de las mujeres: las mujeres que asistieron al entrenamiento de informar una visión más optimista de las perspectivas del mercado de trabajo hasta 4 años después del programa...The thesis presents rigorous evidence of the effectiveness of public policies using experimental and quasi-experimental methodologies. It starts with a comprehensive introduction and a rigorous overview of the methodologies that will be used in the subsequent data analysis. The first chapter, “Soft Skills and Hard Skills in Youth Training Programs. Long Term Experimental Evidence from the Dominican Republic” evaluates the impact of a youth employment program on a number of outcomes. The program provides training to young adults at risk of social exclusion on vocational skills and on non-cognitive skills. Remarkably, the methodology used to evaluate the program is a randomized control trial, which provides solid evidence of the causal effect of the program. While previous studies analyzed the impact of related youth programs, no previous study had evaluated the effects 4 years after the program was implemented. This represents an important contribution because the short-term gains of several development programs have been shown not to be sustained in time. This is also what this study finds for labor market outcomes: while the program generates a short-term improvement of employment outcomes for women, this effect dissipates in the long run. However, the program seems to lead to persistent changes on labor market expectations of women: women that attended the training report a more optimistic view of their labor market prospects even 4 years after the program. A second contribution of this chapter is to measure the relative contribution of two different types of training programs: vocational training versus enhancing non-cognitive skills...Depto. de Análisis Económico y Economía CuantitativaFac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEunpu

Local debt expansion, vulnerability reduction? : an assessment for six crises-prone countries

In recent years, for most emerging markets, public debt has decreased and its composition has evolved toward domestic currency. This progress is remarkable in terms of reduced financial vulnerability, which has been underpinned by favourable financing conditions and related deepening of local debt markets. In this paper, we assess the vulnerability reduction -conveyed in the ratio of total debt to GDP- achieved for six selected emerging economies, focusing on the importance of exchange rate evolution relative to the proactive policies that fiscal authorities have implemented to reduce the external exposure of debt. We first disentangle both components in the current structure of debt to show that proactive debt management has been the dominant factor in the reduction of the forex debt share. We then perform a stress test within a debt sustainability analysis framework. The results show that proactive debt management policies have -somehow paradoxically- entailed a short term cost, preventing a more dramatic reduction in the debt to GDP ratio, but this is more than compensated by the benefits in terms of financial vulnerability reduction in the face of financial turbulences, reducing simultaneously the probability of such contingenc

Living up to expectations: how job training made women better off and men worse off

We study the interaction between job and soft skills training on expectations and labor market outcomes in the context of a youth training program in the Dominican Republic. Program applicants were randomly assigned to one of 3 modalities: a full treatment consisting of hard and soft skills training plus an internship, a partial treatment consisting of soft skills training plus an internship, or a control group. We find strong and lasting effects of the program on personal skills acquisition and expectations, but these results are markedly different for young men and young women. Shortly after completing the program, both male and female participants report increased expectations for improved employment and livelihoods. This result is reversed for male participants in the long run, a result that can be attributed to the program’s negative short-run effects on labor market outcomes for males. While these effects seem to dissipate in the long run, employed men are substantially more likely to be searching for another job. On the other hand, women experience improved labor market outcomes in the short run and exhibit substantially higher levels of personal skills in the long run. These results translate into women being more optimistic, having higher self-esteem and lower fertility in the long run. Our results suggest that job-training programs of this type can be transformative – for women, life skills mattered and made a difference, but they can also have a downside if, like in this case for men, training creates expectations that are not met.Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociale

Living up to expectations: how job training made women better off and men worse off

We study the interaction between job and soft skills training on expectations and labor market outcomes in the context of a youth training program in the Dominican Republic. Program applicants were randomly assigned to one of 3 modalities: a full treatment consisting of hard and soft skills training plus an internship, a partial treatment consisting of soft skills training plus an internship, or a control group. We find strong and lasting effects of the program on personal skills acquisition and expectations, but these results are markedly different for young men and young women. Shortly after completing the program, both male and female participants report increased expectations for improved employment and livelihoods. This result is reversed for male participants in the long run, a result that can be attributed to the program’s negative short-run effects on labor market outcomes for males. While these effects seem to dissipate in the long run, employed men are substantially more likely to be searching for another job. On the other hand, women experience improved labor market outcomes in the short run and exhibit substantially higher levels of personal skills in the long run. These results translate into women being more optimistic, having higher self-esteem and lower fertility in the long run. Our results suggest that job-training programs of this type can be transformative – for women, life skills mattered and made a difference, but they can also have a downside if, like in this case for men, training creates expectations that are not met.Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociale

Living up to expectations: how job training made women better off and men worse off

We study the interaction between job and soft skills training on expectations and labor market outcomes in the context of a youth training program in the Dominican Republic. Program applicants were randomly assigned to one of 3 modalities: a full treatment consisting of hard and soft skills training plus an internship, a partial treatment consisting of soft skills training plus an internship, or a control group. We find strong and lasting effects of the program on personal skills acquisition and expectations, but these results are markedly different for young men and young women. Shortly after completing the program, both male and female participants report increased expectations for improved employment and livelihoods. This result is reversed for male participants in the long run, a result that can be attributed to the program’s negative short-run effects on labor market outcomes for males. While these effects seem to dissipate in the long run, employed men are substantially more likely to be searching for another job. On the other hand, women experience improved labor market outcomes in the short run and exhibit substantially higher levels of personal skills in the long run. These results translate into women being more optimistic, having higher self-esteem and lower fertility in the long run. Our results suggest that job-training programs of this type can be transformative – for women, life skills mattered and made a difference, but they can also have a downside if, like in this case for men, training creates expectations that are not met.Fil: Acevedo, Paloma. InterAmerican Development Bank; Estados UnidosFil: Cruces, Guillermo Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Departamento de Ciencias Económicas. Centro de Estudios Distributivos Laborales y Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Gertler, Paul. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Martinez, Sebastian. Inter American Development Bank; Estados Unido

Nuevas Voces: Creating the World of the Play

In Fall 2017 Jim Blair founded Northeastern’s inaugural 10-Minute Playwriting festival and contest entitled Nuevas Voces or “new voices” in collaboration with Sarah Fabian from the CMT Department and Christie Miller from CAPE: Community and Professional Education. Working to celebrate all new voices, the new play festival is structured to feature the work in three categories: current high school students, current college students (ages 17-28), and the greater community (anyone who is 29+). This year’s Nuevas Voces did not disappoint! Judges included: Assistant Professors Sarah Fabian, and Adam Goldstein, Professor Emeritus Rodney Higginbotham, and recent NEIU graduate and prior Nuevas Voces winner Becca Peterson. Adam Goldstein directed this year’s festival in October. Our plan for the Symposium is to feature Ariel Notterman’s brilliant and provocative third-place entry--Frosted through a live performance by student actors Susana Acevedo and Paloma Lozano. Ms. Notterman is a recent NEIU graduate (May 2019), majoring in Communication, Media, and Theatre. Her work demonstrates what a student is capable of accomplishing. In addition and most importantly, it exemplifies and highlights what good writing, research, and revision can produce. Playwriting, as well as poetry, offers everyone the opportunity to not only refine their writing skills, but also an opportunity for them to express their ideas. Excellence in writing skills and practices is paramount among communication skills everyone uses in life. The ten-minute format is a more accessible and less intimidating approach to playwriting compared to trying to write a full-length play. After featuring her work, we will bring all faculty, students, and audience members together to engage in a productive discussion focused on the playwriting process and creativity while highlighting Ariel’s accomplishments. We will lead the group through a short playwriting exercise

Circulating clonotypic B cells in multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

This is an open-access paper.The B-cell compartment in which multiple myeloma stem cells reside remains unclear. We investigated the potential presence of mature, surface-membrane immunoglobulin-positive B lymphocytes clonally related to the tumor bone marrow plasma cells among different subsets of peripheral blood B cells from ten patients (7 with multiple myeloma and 3 with monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance). The presence of clonotypic immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements was determined in multiple highly-purified fractions of peripheral blood B-lymphocytes including surface-membrane IgM+ CD27- naïve B-lymphocytes, plus surface-membrane IgG+, IgA+ and IgM+ memory CD27+ B cells, and normal circulating plasma cells, in addition to (mono)clonal plasma cells, by a highly-specific and sensitive allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction directed to the CDR3 sequence of the rearranged IGH gene of tumor plasma cells from individual patients. Our results showed systematic absence of clonotypic rearrangements in all the different B-cell subsets analyzed, including M-compo-nent isotype-matched memory B-lymphocytes, at frequencies <0.03 cells/mL (range: 0.0003-0.08 cells/mL); the only exception were the myeloma plasma cells detected and purified from the peripheral blood of four of the seven myeloma patients. These results indicate that circulating B cells from patients with multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance are usually devoid of clonotypic B cells while the presence of immunophenotypically aberrant myeloma plasma cells in peripheral blood of myeloma patients is a relatively frequent finding.This work was supported by grants from European Union FP6 STREP MSCNet (N. E06005FF), Cooperative Research Thematic Network on Cancer (RTICs; RTICC RD06/0020/0035-FEDER, RD06/0020/0006, RD12/0036/0048, RD12/0036/0069 and G03/136), Instituto de Salud Carlos III/Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo (FIS: PI060339; 02/0905; 01/0089/01-02;PS09/01897, and PI06/0824-FEDER), Asociacion Española Contra el Cancer AECC (GCB120981SAN) and Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León; Ayuda de Excelencia de Castilla y León, Consejería de Educación (EDU/894/2009, GR37) Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain. LST received a CAPES/Ministério da Educação scholarship from the Brazilian Government.Peer Reviewe

Phenotypic profile of expanded NK cells in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders: a surrogate marker for NK-cell clonality

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.Currently, the lack of a universal and specific marker of clonality hampers the diagnosis and classification of chronic expansions of natural killer (NK) cells. Here we investigated the utility of flow cytometric detection of aberrant/altered NK-cell phenotypes as a surrogate marker for clonality, in the diagnostic work-up of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of NK cells (CLPD-NK). For this purpose, a large panel of markers was evaluated by multiparametric flow cytometry on peripheral blood (PB) CD56 NK cells from 60 patients, including 23 subjects with predefined clonal (n = 9) and polyclonal (n = 14) CD56 NK-cell expansions, and 37 with CLPD-NK of undetermined clonality; also, PB samples from 10 healthy adults were included. Clonality was established using the human androgen receptor (HUMARA) assay. Clonal NK cells were found to show decreased expression of CD7, CD11b and CD38, and higher CD2, CD94 and HLADR levels vs. normal NK cells, together with a restricted repertoire of expression of the CD158a, CD158b and CD161 killer-associated receptors. In turn, NK cells from both clonal and polyclonal CLPD-NK showed similar/overlapping phenotypic profiles, except for high and more homogeneous expression of CD94 and HLADR, which was restricted to clonal CLPD-NK. We conclude that the CD94/HLADR phenotypic profile proved to be a useful surrogate marker for NK-cell clonality.This work has been partially supported by the following grants: FIS 02/1244-FEDER, DTS 15/00119-FEDER, RTICC RD06/0020/0035-FEDER and RTICC RD12/0036/0048-FEDER from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain; SA103/03 and SA079U14 from the Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain. The research activities of the EuroFlow Consortium were supported by the European Commission (grant STREP EU-FP6, LSHB-CT-2006–018708, entitled ‘Flow cytometry for fast and sensitive diagnosis and follow-up of hematological malignancies’).Peer Reviewe