2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

Investigating Organisational Innovativeness:Developing a Multidimensional Formative Measure

To survive competition, it is vital for firms to be innovative. As a firm's cultural predisposition, organisational innovativeness provides an environment that fosters innovations and thus actively supports new product or service development. The purpose of this study is to measure organisational innovativeness and its multiple dimensions from a cultural-strategic perspective on a multifaceted formative scale which we develop theoretically and by means of qualitative interviews. Furthermore, we empirically validate the newly developed construct by investigating how innovativeness and its dimensions translate into innovation success by examining the relationship between innovativeness and innovation performance in depth. Our findings suggest that a strategic focus on innovations, an extrinsic motivation system, openness in communication, as well as management encouragement are all dimensions of organisational innovativeness. Further, our results support the need for a proficient innovation process as a mechanism to systematically and continuously translate innovativeness into successful innovations. Innovation process proficiency fully mediates the relationship between innovativeness and innovation performance, while the contingency factor competitive intensity enhances this performance impact. © 2013 Imperial College Press

Shifting the Blame:How Surcharge Pricing Influences Blame Attributions for a Service Price Increase

The proliferation of surcharges in service pricing raises theoretical and pragmatic questions regarding their impact on consumers. This research investigates how surcharges influence consumer responses to a service price increase. We propose that various kinds of surcharge information act in concert to drive blame attributions for a price increase: Internal (vs. external) surcharges increase blame attributions and minimize the influence of other drivers captured in surcharge information such as temporal stability, surcharge benefit, and more than one kind of surcharge. In comparison to all-inclusive pricing, we find that (i) surcharge pricing is detrimental to service firms when surcharges cue internal locus of causality, regardless of the temporal stability or surcharge benefit, whereas (ii) surcharge pricing is beneficial when surcharges cue external locus of causality, particularly when the surcharges are permanent and high benefit; (iii) consumers are more sensitive to increases in the magnitude of internal (vs. external) surcharges; and (iv) in the case of mixed surcharges, internal surcharges are more prominent and minimize the buffering effect of adding external surcharges. Based on our findings, we make recommendations to managers on the optimal design of surcharge pricing to mitigate negative blame reactions when communicating service price increases to consumers

Why social currency becomes a key driver of a firm's brand equity—Insights from the automotive industry.

Brands represent a significant share of a firm’s value. While a brand’s value has always been dependent on acceptance and interaction between consumers, so far, academic literature has not revealed a suitable metric to capture the complex social nature of brands. Especially, due to today’s digital world, it has never been easier for consumers to engage in an open dialogue on brands and interact with other brand users, posing challenges for companies to better understand this phenomenon and respond to it in a strategic manner. Therefore, the objectives of our study are twofold: First, we conceptualize a new multifaceted formative construct, social currency, and its dimensions based on social capital theory. Our second objective is to empirically validate our construct and its multiple dimensions, and to examine its nomological validity by exploring its influence on well-established brand equity measures. For this purpose, we apply a partial least squares (PLS) approach to analyze data from a representative U.S. consumer survey in the automotive context. Our results indicate a valid description of social currency and we find a positive effect of social currency on our brand equity measures: perceived quality, brand loyalty, and brand trust. Moreover, our findings provide researchers and managers with insights on how to assess social currency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved

Supplemental Material, JSR-14-252_Executive_Summary_R4 - Shifting the Blame: How Surcharge Pricing Influences Blame Attributions for a Service Price Increase

<p>Supplemental Material, JSR-14-252_Executive_Summary_R4 for Shifting the Blame: How Surcharge Pricing Influences Blame Attributions for a Service Price Increase by Florian Pallas, Lisa E. Bolton, and Lara Lobschat in Journal of Service Research</p

Supplemental Material, JSR-14-252_Web_Appendix_R4 - Shifting the Blame: How Surcharge Pricing Influences Blame Attributions for a Service Price Increase

<p>Supplemental Material, JSR-14-252_Web_Appendix_R4 for Shifting the Blame: How Surcharge Pricing Influences Blame Attributions for a Service Price Increase by Florian Pallas, Lisa E. Bolton, and Lara Lobschat in Journal of Service Research</p

Managing Marketing Channel Multiplicity

Advances in information technology and changing customer needs for channel service outputs have dramatically affected the routes to markets in many industries. The authors propose that these changes have led to significant alterations in how customers interact with firms and consequently to a phenomenon that we dub "channel multiplicity." Channel multiplicity is characterized by the customer's reliance on multiple sources of information from independent (and often disparate) channel organizations and increasing demand for a seamless experience throughout the buying process. The authors identify the new market operating realities driving channel multiplicity and provide an overview of the consequences for channel design and channel management: a broadened view of products and services, channel leadership challenges, alterations in channel structure, and an expanded view of distribution intensity. The authors also identify issues triggered by these developments, which calls for further research in this field

Ruins and urban heritage. City mapping in Nuremberg 1942 - 1952

Das Booklet ist Ergebnis eines Masterseminars zur städtebaulichen Denkmalpflege an der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg. Es basiert auf den ertragreichen Recherchen und Arbeiten von 16 StudentInnen im Masterstudiengang Denkmalpflege / Heritage Conservation. Hierin werden Stadtkarten als historische Quellen vorgestellt. Exemplarisch zeigen die Studierendenarbeiten, wie diese Dokumente digital überlagert und damit im Kontext neu interpretiert werden können und welche Erkenntnisse man dadurch einerseits über die Karten und ihre Entstehung und andererseits über die Stadtentwicklung bei Kriegsende und im Wiederaufbau gewinnen kann