(R1500) Type-I Generalized Spherical Interval Valued Fuzzy Soft Sets in Medical Diagnosis for Decision Making

In the present communication, we introduce the concept of Type-I generalized spherical interval valued fuzzy soft set and define some operations. It is a generalization of the interval valued fuzzy soft set and the spherical fuzzy soft set. The spherical interval valued fuzzy soft set theory satisfies the condition that the sum of its degrees of positive, neutral, and negative membership does not exceed unity and that these parameters are assigned independently. We also propose an algorithm to solve the decision making problem based on a Type-I generalized soft set model. We introduce a similarity measure based on the Type-I generalized soft set model for two Type-I generalized spherical interval valued fuzzy soft sets and discuss its application in a medical diagnosis problem. Illustrative examples are mentioned to show that they can be successfully used to solve problems with uncertainties

Novel possibility spherical fuzzy soft set model and its application for a decision making

We talk about possibility spherical fuzzy soft set (shortly PSFS set) has much stronger ability than possibility Pythagorean fuzzy soft set (shortly PPFS set) and intuitionistic fuzzy soft set. The PSFS soft set is a generalization of PPFS set and soft set. Here we talk through some operations consisting of complement, union, intersection, AND and OR. We verify that the De Morgan’s laws, associate laws and distributive laws are satisfied in the case of PSFS sets. Also we discuss comparative analysis for the soft set model under the scheme of PSFS sets. Finally, an illustrative example is mentioned for the soft set model using PSFS set.Publisher's Versio

Novel possibility Pythagorean interval valued fuzzy soft set method for a decision making

We discuss the theory of possibility Pythagorean interval valued fuzzy soft set, possibility interval valued fuzzy soft set and define some related the operations namely complement, union, intersection, AND and OR. The possibility Pythagorean interval valued fuzzy soft sets are a generalization of soft sets. Notably, we showed DeMorgan’s laws that are valid in possibility Pythagorean interval valued fuzzy soft set theory. Also, we propose an algorithm to solve the decision making problem based on soft set method. To compare two possibilities Pythagorean interval valued fuzzy soft sets for dealing with decision making problems and find a similarity measure is obtained. Finally, an illustrative example is discussed to prove that they can be effectively used to solve problems with uncertainties.Publisher's Versio

A study on stability analysis of atrial repolarization variability using ARX model in sinus rhythm and atrial tachycardia ECGs

© 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Background The interaction between the PTa and PP interval dynamics from the surface ECG is seldom explained. Mathematical modeling of these intervals is of interest in finding the relationship between the heart rate and repolarization variability. Objective The goal of this paper is to assess the bounded input bounded output (BIBO) stability in PTa interval (PTaI) dynamics using autoregressive exogenous (ARX) model and to investigate the reason for causing instability in the atrial repolarization process. Methods Twenty-five male subjects in normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and ten male subjects experiencing atrial tachycardia (AT) were included in this study. Five minute long, modified limb lead (MLL) ECGs were recorded with an EDAN SE-1010 PC ECG system. The number of minute ECGs with unstable segments (N us ) and the frequency of premature activation (PA) (i.e. atrial activation) were counted for each ECG recording and compared between AT and NSR subjects. Results The instability in PTaI dynamics was quantified by measuring the numbers of unstable segments in ECG data for each subject. The unstable segments in the PTaI dynamics were associated with the frequency of PA. The presence of PA is not the only factor causing the instability in PTaI dynamics in NSR subjects, and it is found that the cause of instability is mainly due to the heart rate variability (HRV). C onclusion The ARX model showed better prediction of PTa interval dynamics in both groups. The frequency of PA is significantly higher in AT patients than NSR subjects. A more complex model is needed to better identify and characterize healthy heart dynamics

Comparative Evaluation on Properties of Hybrid Glass Fiber- Sisal/Jute Reinforced Epoxy Composites

AbstractThe incorporation of natural fibres such as sisal/jute with glass fiber composites has gained increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to evaluate mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural properties of hybrid glass fiber-sisal/jute reinforced epoxy composites. Microscopic examinations are carried out to analyze the interfacial characteristics of materials, internal structure of the fractured surfaces and material failure morphology by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the incorporation of sisal fiber with GFRP exhibited superior properties than the jute fiber reinforced GFRP composites in tensile properties and jute fiber reinforced GFRP composites performed better in flexural properties

DELAMINATION PREDICTION IN DRILLING OF CFRP COMPOSITES USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) materials play a major role in the applications of aeronautic, aerospace, sporting and transportation industries. Machining is indispensible and hence drilling of CFRP materials is considered in this present study with respect to spindle speed in rpm, drill size in mm and feed in mm/min. Delamination is one of the major defects to be dealt with. The experiments are carried out using computer numerical control machine and the results are applied to an artificial neural network (ANN) for the prediction of delamination factor at the exit plane of the CFRP material. It is found that ANN model predicts the delamination for any given set of machining parameters with a maximum error of 0.81% and a minimum error of 0.03%. Thus an ANN model is highly suitable for the prediction of delamination in CFRP materials

(R1509) TOPSIS and VIKOR Methods for Spherical Fuzzy Soft Set Aggregating Operator Framework

The Spherical Fuzzy Soft (SFS) set is a generalization of the Pythagorean fuzzy soft set and the intuitionistic fuzzy soft set. We introduce the concept of aggregating SFS decision matrices based on aggregated operations. The techniques for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and viekriterijumsko kompromisno rangiranje (VIKOR) for the SFS approaches are the strong points of multi criteria group decision making (MCGDM), which is various extensions of fuzzy soft sets. We define a score function based on aggregating TOPSIS and VIKOR methods to the SFS-positive and SFS-negative ideal solutions. The TOPSIS and VIKOR methods provide decision-making weights. To find the optimal alternative under this condition, closeness is introduced. Also, we obtain an algorithm that deals with the MCGDM problems based on an aggregating operator. Finally, a numerical example of the MCGDM problem is given to verify the practicality of the aggregating operators

Hochdurchsatz-Untersuchung von anorganisch-organischen Hybridmaterialien: Metall-Phosphonatobenzolsulfonate und Ni-basierte MOFs mit Schaufelrad-Baueinheiten

The focus of this Ph.D. work is to systematically investigate the formation of inorganic-organic hybrid materials with different metal ions and polyfunctional organic linkers. The synthesis and characterization of the materials were performed under solvothermal conditions employing high-throughput (HT) methods. The HT methods incorporate the parallelization of individual reactions in miniaturized Teflon® reactors and the subsequent characterization of the crystalline products via automated HT-XRPD analysis. The HT methods have enabled the rapid study of the influences of compositional and process parameters on the formation fields and helped to optimize the synthesis conditions. In the first part of the thesis, the reaction system M2+/H2O3PC6H4SO3H/ NaOH/H2O was investigated (M = Ni,Mg,Cu,Zn,Co,Fe,Mn,Sn,Cd,Sr, Pb and Ba). The evaluation of the metal-ion screening yielded six metal 4-phosphonatobenzenesulfonates with Cu2+, Sn2+ and Pb2+ ions. Further detailed investigation of the molar ratio metal salt : linker : NaOH has helped to pinpoint the specific formation fields of each compound. Various M-O-M polyhedra and clusters are observed in the crystal structures which lead to 2D or 3D networks, especially in copper-based structures. A mixed-linker copper phosphonatosulfonate was also obtained with the auxiliary ligand 4,4’-bipyridine which exhibits an interesting reversible structural transition upon de-/rehydration. The characterization of the metal phosphonatosulfonates was performed with X-ray powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility measurements, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and CHNS elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The second part of the thesis deals with the discovery and characterization of porous nickel(II) based metal-organic frameworks containing paddle-wheel building units. The dimeric paddle-wheel units are comprised of Ni2+ ions that are coordinated by four equatorial R(COO)- groups and two axial terminal ligands. The reaction system Ni2+/R(COOH)3/ additive / solvent, with R = C6H3, 1,3,5-(C6H4)3C6H3, was systematically investigated through screening of nickel salts, organic bases and solvents at various reaction temperatures. Two nickel(II) based compounds with paddle-wheel units were obtained with 1,3,5- benzenetricarboxylic (H3BTC) and 4,4’,4’’-benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tris-benzoic acid (H3BTB). In addition, two pseudo-polymorphs with the framework composition [Ni2(BDC)2(DABCO)] (H2BDC = terephthalic acid, DABCO = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) were discovered. For the phase selective synthesis, the influence of conventional vs. microwave-assisted heating, DABCO amount, stirring, overall concentration and reaction temperature was examined in detail. After the optimization of synthesis conditions, the scale-up of all four nickel(II) paddle-wheel compounds was accomplished and all the compounds were characterized via sorption experiments, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, SEM measurements and TG analysis.Der Schwerpunkt dieser Doktorarbeit ist die systematische Untersuchung der Bildung anorganisch-organischer Hybridmaterialien mit verschiedenen Metallionen und polyfunktionellen organischen Linkern. Die Synthese und Charakterisierung der Materialien wurden unter solvothermalen Bedingungen mit Hilfe von Hochdurchsatz (HT)-Methoden durchgeführt. Die HT-Methoden umfassen die Parallelisierung der einzelnen Reaktionen in Miniatur-Teflon® Reaktoren und die anschließende Charakterisierung der kristallinen Produkte mittels automatisierter HT-XRPD Analyse. Diese Methoden ermöglichen die schnelle Untersuchung der Einflüsse von Edukt-Zusammensetzungen und Prozessparametern auf die Kristallbildung. Im ersten Teil dieser Dissertation wurde das Reaktionssystem M2+/H2O3PC6H4SO3H/NaOH/H2O (M = Ni,Mg,Cu,Zn, Co,Fe,Mn,Sn,Cd,Sr,Pb and Ba) erforscht. Die Auswertung des Metallion-Screenings ergab sechs Metall-4-phosphonatobenzolsulfonate mit Cu2+, Sn2+ and Pb2+-Ionen. Weitere detaillierte Untersuchungen bei denen das molare Verhältnis Metallsalzen : Linker : NaOH untersucht wurde, half bei der Bestimmung der spezifischen Phasenbildungsbereiche jeder Verbindung. Unterschiedliche M-O Polyeder und M-O-M Cluster wurden in den Kristallstrukturen beobachtet, die zur Bildung von 2D oder 3D M-O Netzwerken geführt haben, insbesondere in den Kupfer-basierten Verbindungen. Ein Misch-Linker Cu-Phosphonatosulfonat wurde auch mit 4,4’-Bipyridin als Co-Ligand erhalten, das eine reversible Strukturumwandlung unter De-/Rehydratisierung aufweist. Die Charakterisierung der Metallphosphonatosulfonate wurde mittels Röntgenpulver- und Einkristallröntgenbeugung, Magnetsuszeptibilitätsmessungen, thermogravimetrischer Analyse (TGA), energiedispersiver Röntgenspektroskopie (EDX), CHNS Elementaranalyse, Infrarotspektroskopie (IR) und Rasterelektronmikroskopie (REM) durchgeführt. Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entdeckung und Charakterisierung poröser Nickel(II)-basierter metall-organischer Gerüstverbindungen mit Schaufelrad-Baueinheiten. Die Schaufelrad-Dimere bestehen aus Ni2+-Ionen, die von vier äquitorialen R(COO)- Gruppen und zwei axialen Liganden umgeben sind. Das Reaktionssystem Ni2+/R(COOH)3/Additiv/Lösungsmittel, mit R = C6H3, 1,3,5-(C6H4)3C6H3, wurde systematisch durch Screening von Nickelsalzen, organischen Basen und Lösungsmitteln bei verschiedenen Reaktionstemperaturen untersucht. Zwei nickelbasierte Verbindungen mit Schaufelrad-Einheiten wurden mit 1,3,5-Benzoltricarbonsäure (H3BTC) and 4,4’,4’’-Benzol-1,3,5-triyl-trisbenzoesäure (H3BTB) erhalten. Zusätzlich wurden zwei Pseudopolymorphe mit der Gerüstzusammensetzung [Ni2(BDC)2(DABCO)] (H2BDC = Terephthalsäure, DABCO = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oktan) entdeckt. Die Optimierung der Reaktionsbedingungen führte zu einphasigen Produkten. Dazu wurde der Einfluss der Heizmethode (konventionelle vs. Mikrowellen-unterstützte Synthese), die DABCO-Menge, das Rühren, die Gesamtkonzentration und die Reaktionstemperaturen untersucht. Nach der Optimierung der Synthese, konnten alle vier Nickel(II)-Verbindungen, die Schaufelrad-Baueinheiten enthalten, in größeren Mengen hergestellt und ausführlich mittels Sorptionsmessung, IR-Spektroskopie, Elementaranalyse, REM und thermogravimetrischer Analyse charakterisiert werden