Catholic sports in Italy: After World War II until second Vatican Council

En Italia, el deporte católico tiene una importancia fundamental para el desarrollo del sistema deportivo italiano como lo conocemos hoy en día. La historiografía ha estudiado el origen y desarrollo de este deporte, concretamente lo que sucedió durante el primer cuarto del siglo XX, es decir, los trabajos de Stefano Pivato y especialmente de Felice Fabrizio. Este texto tiene el objetivo de explorar el desarrollo y la importancia que este deporte tiene con la esfera nacional del deporte a partir de su reconstrucción después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Este período coincide con los años del Concilio Vaticano II (CVII) por un lado y los Juegos Olímpicos de Roma por el otro, y el deseo de mostrar la influencia recíproca que existe entre estos acontecimientos. También se explicará el Centro Sportivo Italiano (CSI) y su contribución al sistema deportivo en Italia durante este tiempo, de los Juegos Olímpicos de Roma en 1960 y sobre el impulso que CSI dio a difundir el espíritu olímpico entre los población, del CVII y la influencia que este evento tuvo en la dinámica de la CSI. No son muchos los que saben que el Concilio habla también acerca de los deportes, en particular en la Constitución Gaudium et Spes, un documento en el que la Iglesia da atención a los signos de los tiempos y escucha el mundo contemporáneo, y se abre hacia la investigación y el diálogo. Esta actitud de apertura dio la oportunidad a los padres conciliares para reflexionar sobre el deporte como un importante fenómeno social del siglo XX.----------------------------------------------------------------In Italy, catholic sport is of fundamental importance for the development of the Italian sport system as we know it today. Historiography has studied the origin and development of this sport, exactly the happenings in the first quarter of the twentieth century, that is the works of Stefano Pivato and especially of Felice Fabrizio. This paper has the aim to explore the development and importance that this sport had to do with the national sphere of sport starting with its reconstruction after the World War II. This period coincides with the years of the Second Vatican Council (CVII) on one side and the Olympic Games in Rome on the other, and wish to show the reciprocal influence that exist between these events. It will be also be explained the Centro Sportivo Italiano (CSI) and its contribution to the sports system in Italy during this time, the Olympic Games in Rome in 1960 and about the push that CSI gave to spread the Olympic spirit among the population, of the CVII and the influence that this event had in the dynamics of the CSI. There are not many who know that the Council speaks also about sports, in particular in the Constitution Gaudium et Spes, a document in which the Church give heed to the signs of times and listens to the contemporary world, and opens for further research and dialogue. This attitude of openness gave a chance to the conciliar Fathers to reflect about sports as an important social phenomenon of the twentieth century.Artículo revisado por pare

Italian Catholic Sports, from the end of the 2nd World War to the Olympics of 1960

In the frame of the historical and political situation of the postwar period after the 2nd World War, the reconstruction of Italian Sport begins after the long interval of the fascist period. Besides the Italian National Olympic Committee (INOC), new bodies emerge concerning sports and contributing to win over the Italian society; between all of them the Italian Sport Center (ISC) stands out.This research has as a target the inquiry about the contribution of the organization of catholic sport to help the development of the national sport system. From the privileged relation given by the Pope Pacelli to the catholic sporting people, working out with his speeches a conception of «Christianly and healthily intense» sport, able to guide and direct them in facing this phenomenon in continuous expansion. To the introduction of Luigi Gedda's character, the president of the ISC from 1944, the year of its foundation, until 1960, the year of the XVII Olympiad in Rome, who represents the union link between the ecclesiastical hierarchy, the ISC and the sport. To the activity of the ISC in the 50s, when a substantial development of its pledge and its activities has been seen in front of the sporting youth, made concrete through a higher number of federated ones. But specially to the working behavior developed before by this catholic organization facing the Olympic Games of Rome in 1960, with the preparation of the Olympic Journey designed by the INOC for spreading the Olympic spirit among population in all places of Italy and for requesting the development of a critical awareness in front of the Italians' high motive illiteracy.All'interno di una cornice che descrive la situazione storico-politica del primo II dopoguerra, la ricostruzione dello sport italiano prende l'abbrivo dopo la lunga parentesi del periodo fascista. Accanto al Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano (Coni) emergono nuovi organismi che si occupano di sport e contribuiscono ad arricchire la società italiana, tra tutti spicca il Centro Sportivo Italiano (CSI).Questa ricerca ha lo scopo di indagare il contributo che l'organizzazione dello sport cattolico ha messo in campo a favore dello sviluppo del sistema sportivo nazionale. Dalla relazione privilegiata che papa Pacelli ha concesso al popolo sportivo cattolico elaborando con i suoi discorsi una concezione di sport «cristianamente e sanamente inteso», capace di guidarlo e orientarlo di fronte a questo fenomeno in continua espansione. Alla presentazione della figura di Luigi Gedda, presidente del Csi dal 1944, anno della sua fondazione, fino al 1960, anno della XVII Olimpiade romana, e che ha rappresentato il trait d'union tra le gerarchie ecclesiastiche, il Csi e lo sport. All'alacre attività del Csi degli anni Cinquanta che ha visto un sostanziale sviluppo del suo impegno e delle sue attività nei confronti del gioventù sportiva che si è concretizzato attraverso il riscontro di un maggiore numero di tesserati. Ma soprattutto all'operosa condotta portata avanti da questa organizzazione cattolica in prospettiva dei Giochi Olimpici di Roma del 1960 con la preparazione della Giornata Olimpica indetta dal Coni per diffondere lo spirito olimpico tra la popolazione in ogni luogo d'Italia e per sollecitare lo sviluppo di una coscienza critica di fronte al vasto analfabetismo motorio degli italiani

El fenómeno del dopaje desde la perspectiva de las ciencias sociales. V.2

El volumen recoge una selección de las comunicaciones presentadas al 5º Congreso Internacional "Deporte, Dopaje y Sociedad", organizado conjuntamente por la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y por la Agencia Española de Protección de la Salud en el Deporte (AEPSAD)

Lo sport cattolico italiano, dalla fine del II Guerra Mondiale alle Olimpiadi del sessanta

In the frame of the historical and political situation of the postwar period after the 2nd World War, the reconstruction of Italian Sport begins after the long interval of the fascist period. Besides the Italian National Olympic Committee (INOC), new bodies emerge concerning sports and contributing to win over the Italian society; between all of them the Italian Sport Center (ISC) stands out.This research has as a target the inquiry about the contribution of the organization of catholic sport to help the development of the national sport system. From the privileged relation given by the Pope Pacelli to the catholic sporting people, working out with his speeches a conception of «Christianly and healthily intense» sport, able to guide and direct them in facing this phenomenon in continuous expansion. To the introduction of Luigi Gedda’s character, the president of the ISC from 1944, the year of its foundation, until 1960, the year of the XVII Olympiad in Rome, who represents the union link between the ecclesiastical hierarchy, the ISC and the sport. To the activity of the ISC in the 50s, when a substantial development of its pledge and its activities has been seen in front of the sporting youth, made concrete through a higher number of federated ones. But specially to the working behavior developed before by this catholic organization facing the Olympic Games of Rome in 1960, with the preparation of the Olympic Journey designed by the INOC for spreading the Olympic spirit among population in all places of Italy and for requesting the development of a critical awareness in front of the Italians’ high motive illiteracy.All’interno di una cornice che descrive la situazione storico-politica del primo II dopoguerra, la ricostruzione dello sport italiano prende l’abbrivo dopo la lunga parentesi del periodo fascista. Accanto al Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano (Coni) emergono nuovi organismi che si occupano di sport e contribuiscono ad arricchire la società italiana, tra tutti spicca il Centro Sportivo Italiano (CSI).Questa ricerca ha lo scopo di indagare il contributo che l’organizzazione dello sport cattolico ha messo in campo a favore dello sviluppo del sistema sportivo nazionale. Dalla relazione privilegiata che papa Pacelli ha concesso al popolo sportivo cattolico elaborando con i suoi discorsi una concezione di sport «cristianamente e sanamente inteso», capace di guidarlo e orientarlo di fronte a questo fenomeno in continua espansione. Alla presentazione della figura di Luigi Gedda, presidente del Csi dal 1944, anno della sua fondazione, fino al 1960, anno della XVII Olimpiade romana, e che ha rappresentato il trait d’union tra le gerarchie ecclesiastiche, il Csi e lo sport. All’alacre attività del Csi degli anni Cinquanta che ha visto un sostanziale sviluppo del suo impegno e delle sue attività nei confronti del gioventù sportiva che si è concretizzato attraverso il riscontro di un maggiore numero di tesserati. Ma soprattutto all’operosa condotta portata avanti da questa organizzazione cattolica in prospettiva dei Giochi Olimpici di Roma del 1960 con la preparazione della Giornata Olimpica indetta dal Coni per diffondere lo spirito olimpico tra la popolazione in ogni luogo d’Italia e per sollecitare lo sviluppo di una coscienza critica di fronte al vasto analfabetismo motorio degli italiani

Italian Catholic Sports, from the end of the 2nd World War to the Olympics of 1960

In the frame of the historical and political situation of the postwar period after the 2nd World War, the reconstruction of Italian Sport begins after the long interval of the fascist period. Besides the Italian National Olympic Committee (INOC), new bodies emerge concerning sports and contributing to win over the Italian society; between all of them the Italian Sport Center (ISC) stands out. This research has as a target the inquiry about the contribution of the organization of catholic sport to help the development of the national sport system. From the privileged relation given by the Pope Pacelli to the catholic sporting people, working out with his speeches a conception of «Christianly and healthily intense» sport, able to guide and direct them in facing this phenomenon in continuous expansion. To the introduction of Luigi Gedda’s character, the president of the ISC from 1944, the year of its foundation, until 1960, the year of the XVII Olympiad in Rome, who represents the union link between the ecclesiastical hierarchy, the ISC and the sport. To the activity of the ISC in the 50s, when a substantial development of its pledge and its activities has been seen in front of the sporting youth, made concrete through a higher number of federated ones. But specially to the working behavior developed before by this catholic organization facing the Olympic Games of Rome in 1960, with the preparation of the Olympic Journey designed by the INOC for spreading the Olympic spirit among population in all places of Italy and for requesting the development of a critical awareness in front of the Italians’ high motive illiteracy

Experimental and simulation studies of iron oxides for geochemical fixation of CO2-SO2 gas mixtures

AbstractIron-bearing minerals are reactive phases of the subsurface environment and could potentially trap CO2–SO2 gas mixtures derived from fossil fuel combustion processes by their conversion to siderite (FeCO3) and dissolved sulfate. Changes in fluid and mineral compositions resulting from reactions, involving the co-injection of SO2 with CO2 were observed both theoretically and experimentally. Experiments were conducted with a natural hematite (α-Fe2O3) sample. A high pressure-high temperature apparatus was used to simulate conditions in geologic formations deeper than 800 m, where CO2 is in the supercritical state. Solid samples were allowed to react with a NaCl–NaOH brine and SO2-bearing CO2-dominated gas mixtures. The predicted equilibrium mineral assemblage at 100 °C and 250 bar became hematite, dawsonite (NaAl(OH)2CO3), siderite (FeCO3) and quartz (SiO2). Experimentally, siderite and dawsonite, derived from the presence of kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) in the parent material, were present in residual solids at longer reaction time intervals, which agreed well with results from the modelling work