Caracterización del xilema de 352 coníferas

Following the traditional methods of preparation and description of wood at microscopy level, 352 descriptions of the woods of conifers were made. For the characterisation of each wood a multiple entry key was prepared, with a total of 81 features divided into four groups: tracheids with 29 features, axial parenchyma with 8, wood rays with 37 and resin canals with 7.Siguiendo los métodos tradicionales de preparación y descripción de la madera a nivel microscópico, se han realizado 352 descripciones de maderas de coníferas. Para la caracterización de cada madera se ha elaborado una clave de múltiple entrada con un total de 81 caracteres dividida en cuatro grupos: traqueidas con 29 caracteres, parénquima axial 8, radios leñosos 37 y canales resiníferos 7

Solving quantum master equations in phase space by continued-fraction methods

Inspired on the continued-fraction technique to solve the classical Fokker--Planck equation, we develop continued-fraction methods to solve quantum master equations in phase space (Wigner representation of the density matrix). The approach allows to study several classes of nonlinear quantum systems subjected to environmental effects (fluctuations and dissipation), with the only limitations that the starting master equations may have. We illustrate the method with the canonical problem of quantum Brownian motion in periodic potentials.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

La terapia dialéctico comportamental

The outcomes of Behavior Therapy have been significant in the last decades; we have at our disposal empirically validated treatments for many mental disorders. However, effective treatment programs for some other psychological problems are still scarce. Personality disorders are among the most difficult problems to treat from any psychotherapeutic perspective, including Behavior Therapy. Because of this, some researchers have devoted their work to study personality disorders and develop specific interventions. These researchers have designed new approaches and techniques that have contributed not only to improve the treatment of personality disorders, but also to enrich Behavior Therapy, given that those approaches could be used effectively in the treatment of personality disorders and in the treatment of other disorders as well. One of the most active research groups in the study and treatment of personality disorders is Dr. Marsha Linehan's team at the University of Washington in United States of America. This group has designed and validated Dialectal Behavior Therapy, a program for the treatment of borderline personality disorder, one of the most complex and challenging psychological problems. The aim of this work is to offer a general view of Dialectical Behavior Therapy, highlighting the innovative aspects of the program that have contributed to improve the strategies that Behavior Therapy offers.La Terapia de Conducta ha avanzado de farma significativa en las últimas décadas. Disponemos de frotamientos empíricamente validados para el tratamiento de un número importante de trastornos mentales. Sin embargo, existen todavía problemas psicológicos para los que los programas de tratamiento eficaces son todavía escasos. Los trastornos de la personalidad se podrían incluir entre los trastornos más difíciles de abordar desde cualquier perspectiva terapéutica, incluyendo la Terapia de Conducta. Debido a ello, desde hace años algunos investigadores se han preocupado por estudiar estos trastornos y por desarrollar intervenciones especificas para los mismos. En esa labor han desarrollado nuevos enfoques y técnicas que han contribuido no sólo a la mejora en el abordaje de estos trastornos, sino también al enriquecimiento de la Terapia de Conducta, de modo que estas intervenciones se pueden aplicar al tratamiento de los trastornos de la personalidad y de otros trastornos mentales. Uno de los grupos más activos en el tratamiento de los trastornos de la personalidad ha sido el equipo de la Dra. Marsha Linehon en la Universidad de Washington, en Estados Unidos. Este grupo ha diseñado y validado un programa de tratamiento denominado Terapia dialéctico-comportamental dirigida al abordaje de uno de los trastornos más Complejos que nos encontramos en la práCtiCO clínica diaria, el trastorno límite de la personalidad. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una visión general de este programa de tratamiento enfatizando los aspectos novedosos que han significado una contribución importante o la mejora de las estrategias que lo Terapia de Conducta nos ofrece

Performance evaluation of two slow-medium growing chicken strains maintained under organic production system during different seasons

A total of 160 1-day-old medium-growing male chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were raised for 120 days in a certified organic farming system. A total of two strains were studied (Coloryield, CY; RedBro, RB). Overall, two weather periods were considered based on the outdoor temperature, being S1 colder than S2. In total, 40 chicks per strain were assigned to each period (n = 80). Chickens were fed ad libitum with the same organic feeds. In the first month, chickens were kept indoors and, from day 30, they had access to the pasture. Slaughter live weight (LW), average daily gains, (ADG), the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality rates did not differ between the two strains. LW was (p < 0.05) higher in the S1 and a trend (p = 0.084) was observed for ADG, which was higher in S1. No differences were found for feed intake, FCR, and mortality rates between weather periods. There were no differences for coefficient of variation (CV) between the strains studied, nevertheless, CV for LW in S2 was increased. Differences in the productive performance between these strains raised in organic production systems were slight. However, chickens raised in S1 had a better performance. It would be preferable to raise chickens in these weather conditions whenever possible. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

PV Hosting Capacity Analysis and Enhancement Using High Resolution Stochastic Modeling

Reduction of CO2 emissions is a main target in the future smart grid. This goal is boosting the installation of renewable energy resources (RES), as well as a major consumer engagement that seeks for a more efficient utilization of these resources toward the figure of ‘prosumers’. Nevertheless, these resources present an intermittent nature, which requires the presence of an energy storage system and an energy management system (EMS) to ensure an uninterrupted power supply. Moreover, network-related issues might arise due to the increasing power of renewable resources installed in the grid, the storage systems also being capable of contributing to the network stability. However, to assess these future scenarios and test the control strategies, a simulation system is needed. The aim of this paper is to analyze the interaction between residential consumers with high penetration of PV generation and distributed storage and the grid by means of a high temporal resolution simulation scenario based on a stochastic residential load model and PV production records. Results of the model are presented for different PV power rates and storage capacities, as well as a two-level charging strategy as a mechanism for increasing the hosting capacity (HC) of the network

Anatomía de la madera de Abies spp. del área mediterránea: aproximación filética

An analysis was made of the wood anatomy of seven species, one subspecies and two varieties of the genus Abies from the Mediterranean area (A. alba, A. borisii-regis, A. cephalonica, A. cilicica, A. nordmanniana, A. nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani, A. numidica, A. pinsapo, A. pinsapo var. marocana and A. pinsapo var. tazaotana) in order to find phyletically relevant features to help clarify and complement the evolutionary patterns based on molecular studies. The wood structure within the genus was qualitatively similar, except for specific features characteristic of certain provenances. However, the wood biometry allowed the different taxa to be grouped in accordance with their anatomical similarity. A. alba, A. pinsapo, A. pinsapo var. marocana and A. pinsapo var. tazaotana possess biometric features which distinguish them from the other Mediterranean firs. Furthermore, A. numidica showed biometric features which distinguish it from the eastern firs (A. borisii-regis, A. cephalonica, A. cilicica, A. nordmanniana and A. nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani) and place it closer to certain Iberian populations of A. pinsapo. The maximum ray height in number of cells, frequency of rays with more than 30 cells and tracheid length can be regarded as specific patterns of the Mediterranean fir phylum.En este trabajo se ha analizado la anatom&iacute;a de la madera de siete especies, una subespecie y dos variedades del g&eacute;nero Abies procedentes del &aacute;rea mediterr&aacute;nea (A. alba, A. borisii-regis, A. cephalonica, A. cilicica, A. nordmanniana, A. nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani, A. numidica, A. pinsapo, A. pinsapo var. marocana y A. pinsapo var. tazaotana) con el fin de buscar caracteres fil&eacute;ticamente relevantes que ayuden a clarificar y complementar los patrones evolutivos basados en estudios moleculares. Las maderas estudiadas fueron cualitativamente similares, exceptuando ciertos caracteres propios de algunas procedencias. No obstante, la biometr&iacute;a de la madera permiti&oacute; agrupar los diferentes taxones seg&uacute;n su afinidad anat&oacute;mica. A. alba, A. pinsapo, A. pinsapo var. marocana y A. pinsapo var. tazaotana mostraron caracteres biom&eacute;tricos afines que los distinguen del resto de abetos mediterr&aacute;neos. Por otro lado, A. numidica mostr&oacute; caracteres biom&eacute;tricos que lo distinguen de los abetos orientales (A. borisii-regis, A. cephalonica, A. cilicica, A. nordmanniana y A. nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani) y lo asemejan a determinadas poblaciones ib&eacute;ricas de A. pinsapo. La altura m&aacute;xima de radios en n&uacute;mero de c&eacute;lulas, la frecuencia de radios de m&aacute;s de 30 c&eacute;lulas y la longitud de traqueidas, pueden ser considerados como patrones espec&iacute;ficos del phylum de los abetos mediterr&aacute;neos