The Tax Treatment of International Philanthropy and Public Policy

This paper concerns the tax treatment of charitable contributions made to foreign organizations. Specifically, it discusses the current tax structure that governs contributions made by United States taxpayers to charitable organizations located outside the U.S. and its possessions

Growth and Size Distribution of the Brachiopod Terebratalia transversa Sowerby

Relatively synchronized samplings of man-made structures of known but varying ages have been used to generate a growth curve for Terebratalia. Modes indicative of the first four or five year classes were recognized, and seem internally consistent with each other. Older year classes were indistinguishable. In the vicinity of Seattle, Washington, this species probably does not survive more than nine to ten years. Growth lines, though conspicuous shell features, are not related to age

Teach the World: Lessons About the Real World

This project is a compilation of 24 personalized cultural geography lessons about the real world. It was developed utilizing travel and living experiences which occurred to me during a 20-year period of my teaching life. The focus of the lessons is the removal of the students from their place and a gaining of perspectives of other people in other places. The lessons are suitable for secondary students and concentrate on the areas of geography, economics, planetary degradation, culture, and religion. Research can be found which supports the study of global education as a basis for a more enlightened and productive citizenry when they are able to compare and contrast the similarities and differences existing between themselves and others

Beach and Vegetation-Line Changes at Galveston Island, Texas: Erosion, Deposition, and Recovery from Hurricane Alicia

On August 18, 1983, Hurricane Alicia crossed the Upper Texas Gulf Coast and caused extensive property damage, especially along West Beach of Galveston Island. Aerial photographs taken before and after Alicia, along with field measurements made during the first post-storm year, provide a basis for determining nearshore changes associated with a major storm and for predicting potential beach recovery. Alicia caused substantial landward retreat of both the shoreline and the vegetation line. Retreat of the vegetation line ranged from 20 to 145 ft and averaged 80 ft. Erosion was generally greatest near the Sea Isle and Bay Harbor subdivisions, where storm processes were most intense; beach erosion generally decreased away from San Luis Pass, which is near the site of storm landfall. Because erosion was so severe, surface elevations were lowered as much as 4.5 ft and many Gulf-front houses were undermined and exposed on the beach after the storm. Alicia eroded several million cubic yards of sand from West Beach. About one-tenth of that sand was deposited on the adjacent barrier flat as a washover terrace. Washover penetration was greatest to the east of the storm's eye and along developed shoreline segments. The remaining eroded beach sand was deposited offshore as shoreface bars or as storm deposits on the inner shelf. The shoreface deposits promoted rapid forebeach accretion during the first post-storm year; at the same time, the backbeach elevation remained about 3 ft lower than before the storm, and the natural post-Alicia vegetation line remained essentially unchanged. Recovery of the vegetation line 1 year after the storm was insignificant mainly because the depth of beach erosion exceeded the depth of root penetration, thus eliminating plants from some areas that were densely vegetated before the storm.Bureau of Economic Geolog

Historical Monitoring of Shoreline Changes in Corpus Christi, Nueces, and Oso Bays

Changes in the position and stability of shorelines in Corpus Christi, Nueces, and Oso Bays since the late 1800s were documented using historical monitoring techniques. This is accomplished by comparing shorelines from topographic charts (dated 1867 to 1882) and aerial photographs (taken in 1930 to 1937 and 1982), measuring the magnitude (distance) of shoreline movement at specific sites, and calculating the rates of change for particular time periods (late 1800s to 1930s, 1930s to 1982, and late 1800s to 1982). Geological interpretations of the maps and photographs are used in conjunction with meteorological data and historical records to explain the important trends revealed in the tabulated shoreline data. Unprotected sediments forming the margins of Corpus Christi, Nueces, and Oso Bays are subjected to natural processes and modified by human activities that together cause shoreline movement. These unstabilized shorelines include high clay bluffs, moderate slopes composed mainly of sand, salt-water marshes, sand and shell beaches, and newly formed areas filled by dredged material. Composition of the shoreline material and orientation of the shoreline with respect to prevailing wind directions and wave fetch largely determine the response and consequent movement of the shoreline. In some areas property owners have attempted to stabilize the shoreline and prevent further movement by building seawalls and bulkheads and using riprap to dissipate wave energy. Factors contributing to shoreline changes include (1) regional and worldwide climate, (2) local changes in relative sea-level position, (3) local alterations in sediment supply, (4) storm frequency and intensity, and (5) human activities. Historical data compiled for these various factors indicate that warming temperatures, rising sea level, decreasing sediment supply, recurring severe storms, and ongoing human activities all favor continued erosion of exposed shorelines.Bureau of Economic Geolog

Conversations with Ole K. Sara, retired head of the Reindeer Administration in Norway

Ole K. sara was the first Sámi to head the national administration of Norwegian Sámi reindeer pastorialism, reflects - candidly - on how crucial issues were handled: resolved or avoided

Effects of the Post-It Note Strategy on Reading Achievement among Eighth-Grade Students with Learning Disabilities

The purpose of this eight-week research study was to examine the effects of the post-it note intervention on achievement, attitudes, and engagement towards reading comprehension among eighth-grade students with learning disabilities. The participants (N=12) were enrolled in special education, reading class based on their Individualized Education Plans. The students engaged in the think-aloud strategy the first four weeks of the study, and they engaged in the post-it note intervention the second four weeks. Data were collected throughout the study on academic achievement, attitudes toward reading, and engagement. Field notes were collected to analyze major themes of the study. When the data were analyzed, the mean increase from the post-it note intervention was higher than the think-aloud strategy at a statistically significant level (t (11)= -8.44,

Design and Development of Selective Extractants for An/Ln Separations

This study has succeeded in further developing phosphinoylmethyl pyridine compounds as selective recognition and separations agents for trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions present in nuclear materials. The parameters for efficient separations have been further elucidated and factors important to further development have been identified. Further development will lead to optimal extractant design for effective actinide ion partitioning under process practical conditions. The primary objective of the project involved the design, synthesis, and characterization of the extraction performance of 2,6-bis(phosphinomethyl)pyridine N,P,P{prime}-trioxides (NOPOPO) as potential reagents for the separation of Am, Cm, and fission product lanthanides from other transuranics and fission products and for acting as a separations 'platform' for the mutual separation of Am/Cm from the lanthanides. The secondary but critical objective of the project focused on the characterization of aqueous acid and radiation stability of NOPOPO ligands. Further, the project served as a interdisciplinary training vehicle for new, young investigators in actinide separations chemistry

A mesoscale study of frontal airflow, moisture, and cumulus convection.

Thesis. 1975. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Meteorology.Bibliography: leaves 107-109.M.S

Providing Legal Services for the Poor: A Dilemma and an Opportunity

This article serves as a report on the status of pro bono legal services programs in Colorado and the possible options available for attorney participation. It is hoped that this information will assist attorneys in examining their pro bono responsibilities and in seeking creative ways to turn these responsibilities into opportunities. Perhaps as background, the definition of pro bono should first be examined