The world financial crisis 2008: the reasons and lessons for the Russian economy

Economy of the USA can be compared to the huge octopus, entangled the feelers all planet: branches of the American corporations are opened almost worldwide, the American dollar, securities of the USA traditionally represent itself as the financial guarantor for other countries which with their help are protected from any risks. Therefore crisis of hypothecary crediting in the USA has responded financial “pain” to all world, and Russia including

The world financial crisis 2008: the reasons and lessons for the Russian economy

Economy of the USA can be compared to the huge octopus, entangled the feelers all planet: branches of the American corporations are opened almost worldwide, the American dollar, securities of the USA traditionally represent itself as the financial guarantor for other countries which with their help are protected from any risks. Therefore crisis of hypothecary crediting in the USA has responded financial “pain” to all world, and Russia including

Analysis of Trends in the Higher Education and Science as the Basis for Strategizing the Scientific and Innovative Activities in Regional Universities

Aim of the article is to identify global, national and local trends in the development of higher education and science, which should be taken into account when strategizing the scientific and innovative activities of a regional university (in the conditions of the Kemerovo region — Kuzbass).Materials and methods. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is the theory of strategy and the strategy methodology developed by V. L. Kvint (Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov), which made it possible to substantiate the analysis of opportunities and threats as the initial stage of strategizing the scientific and innovative activities of a regional university. The methods of OTSW-analysis, economic-statistical analysis, comparative analysis were used Analytical and forecast documents of authoritative Russian and international organizations dealing with the problems of science and higher education were used.results. 12 trends of various levels are identified that determine the opportunities and threats for the strategic development of scientific and innovative activities in the universities of the Kemerovo region — Kuzbass. At the global level, these include a decrease in demand for higher education and the need for scientific and innovative diversification; the growth of the global research and development market, especially in certain niches; growth in the share of research and development funding by commercial organizations; influence on the research topics of the international agenda, including the UN sustainable development goals. The main national trends are instability and limited funding for research and development, the growing interest of the state in fundamental research; maintaining a low level of integration of universities with business with the growth of the innovative activity of the latter; the growing stratification of the domestic higher education. In the Kemerovo region — Kuzbass, the most important trends are the structural transformation of the traditional university system with increased competition among universities; limited demand for research and development, not corresponding to the economic importance of the region; creation of institutional foundations for the development of scientific and innovative activities and the strategic goals of Kuzbass for scientific and technological development, which determine promising areas of research.Conclusions. Based on the analysis of strategically significant trends, the first stage of the OTSW analysis was implemented, the opportunities and threats that determine the strategic development of research activities of the universities of the Kemerovo region — Kuzbass were identified

Idiopathic scoliosis: general characteristics and analysis of etiological theories (literature review)

Idiopathic scoliosis is a severe pathology of the musculoskeletal system that affects children and adolescents all over the world. The disease occurs in approximately 0.2-0.6% of the general population, and is the largest subgroup of spinal curvature in humans (70-90% of all known scoliosis cases). In idiopathic scoliosis, a threedimensional deformation of the vertebral column is formed, leading to the formation of a rib hump, curvature of the ribs and chest, asymmetry of the pelvis and impaired development of internal organs. The main feature of the disease is the spontaneous development of deformity during the growth of the child and the tendency to progress. Scoliosis is not only an orthopedic disease, but also a ignificant cosmetic, and, consequently, a psychological and social problem. The standard of treatment for scoliotic disease remains unchanged for a long time: observation, corset treatment and surgical correction. The prognosis for the development of pathology varies depending on the degree of deformation. The corset-therapy, hospitalization, surgery and treatment of chronic back pain have a negative impact on the psychoemotional state of children and adolescents. Despite significant advances in the methods of diagnosis of deformity, improvement of surgical treatment methods and in the study of pathogenesis, the etiological factor of pathology is still unknown. The search for the causes of idiopathic scoliosis covers almost all aspects of its possible origin: genetic, environmental, hormonal, metabolic, biochemical, neurological, and others. In recent decades, relevant theories of the development of scoliosis have been formulated, but none of the theories reveals the essence of the pathological process and has no clear justification. The greatest number of supporters is the genetic theory: genetic factors play a key role in the occurrence and development of idiopathic scoliosis. Understanding the underlying factors of the disease will enable prevention, early diagnosis, and identification of the risk groups of the patients in question

Организационно-педагогические условия формирования конкурентоспособности студента в социальном партнёрстве техникума с работодателями

The Federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education (FSES SPO) reflect the requirements for graduates of the College in the field of formed competitiveness. Despite the tasks defined by the state educational policy in the field of ensuring the competitiveness of students, they have a clear underestimation of the importance of competitiveness for the success of their professional career. Although the problem of competitiveness of graduates is devoted to a lot of research in the context of various factors affecting it and the changed socio-cultural situation, but requires a more thorough study of the possibilities of social partnership of the College with employers and the impact of various organizational and pedagogical conditions that ensure the effectiveness of its formation. The article deals with the organizational and pedagogical conditions that ensure the success of the formation of competitiveness among College graduates in the social partnership of the College with employers: the organization of a competitive and developing integrative educational environment; the creation of the Institute of mentoring as an integral element of the integrative educational process; special training of teachers of the College for the future activities on the formation of the competitiveness of the student in the social partnership of the College with employers. Each of the proposed organizational and pedagogical conditions is disclosed in detail, the component structure of the integrative educational environment and the principles of its organization.В федеральных государственных образовательных стандартах среднего профессионального образования (ФГОС СПО) отражены требования к выпускнику техникума в области сформированной конкурентоспособности. Несмотря на определенные государственной образовательной политикой задачи в области обеспечения конкурентоспособности студентов, у выпускников присутствует явная недооценка значимости своей конкурентоспособности для успешности профессиональной карьеры. Проблеме конкурентоспособности выпускника посвящено достаточно научных исследований в контексте различных влияющих на нее факторов и изменившейся социокультурной ситуации, но важно более тщательно исследовать возможности социального партнерства техникума с работодателями и влияние различных организационно-педагогических условий, обеспечивающих эффективность ее формирования. В статье рассматриваются организационно-педагогические условия, обеспечивающие успешность формирования конкурентоспособности у выпускников техникума в социальном партнерстве техникума с работодателями: организация конкурентно-развивающей интегративной образовательной среды; создание института наставничества как составного элемента интегративного образовательного процесса; специальная подготовка педагогических работников техникума для предстоящей деятельности по формированию конкурентоспособности студента в социальном партнерстве техникума с работодателями. Каждое из предложенных организационно-педагогических условий подробно раскрывается, приводится компонентная структура интегративной образовательной среды и принципы ее организации

Traditions in Industrial Training as a Tool for Shaping the Professional Culture of A Future Specialist

The article is devoted to the traditions in the field of professional education, which are organically combined with innovations. These traditions are one of the factors in the formation and development of professional culture and the competencies of a future specialist.Статья посвящена традициям в сфере профессионального образования, которые органически сочетаются с инновациями. Традиции являются одним из факторов формирования и развития профессиональной культуры и компетенций будущего специалиста

Эмоциональные и личностные особенности восприятия боли у женщин при эндометриозе

Introduction. This article is devoted to psychological features in patients with pain syndrome in endometriosis and their pain perception.The objective of the study was to identify features of pain syndrome perception, personality traits, emotional features and satisfaction with quality of life in patients with endometriosis.Material and methods. 56 women were examined: 27 patients with endometriosis and 29 women without gynecological diseases. The following psychodiagnostic methods were used: «The McGill Pain Questionnaire», «Visual Analogue Scale», «Giessen test», the test of L. N. Sobchik «Diagnosis of interpersonal relationships», the questionnaire of N. E. Vodopyanova «Assessment of the level of satisfaction with the quality of life», «Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale» (HADS).Results. The results of the study indicated that patients with painful forms of endometriosis were less satisfied with the quality of life in the field of health, emotional and physical comfort. The feminine type of gender-role behavior was identified in self-perception, and the responsibly-magnanimous style prevails in interpersonal relations. The perception of pain was interrelated with interpersonal behavior style.Conclusion. Psychological characteristics of patients with endometriosis must have been taken into account during treatment and rehabilitation, since they affected the subjective perception of pain, could reduce satisfaction with the quality of life and worsen the emotional state.Введение. Рассматриваются психологические особенности пациенток с болевым синдромом при эндометриозе, а также их связь с восприятием боли.Цель исследования – выявление особенностей восприятия болевого синдрома, а также личностных, эмоциональных особенностей и удовлетворенности качеством жизни у женщин с эндометриозом.Материал и методы. Всего обследованы 56 испытуемых: 27 женщин с эндометриозом и 29 женщин без гинекологической патологии. Использованные психодиагностические методики: Болевой опросник Мак-Гилла, визуальная аналоговая шкала боли, «Оценка уровня удовлетворенности качеством жизни» (в адаптации Н. Е. Водопьяновой), «Гиссенский личностный опросник», Метод диагностики межличностных отношений (ДМО Л. Н. Собчик), Госпитальная шкала тревоги и депрессии (HADS).Результаты. В результате исследования было выявлено, что для пациенток с болевой формой эндометриоза характерна меньшая удовлетворенность качеством жизни в сфере здоровья, эмоционального и физического комфорта. В восприятии себя наблюдается феминный тип поло-ролевого поведения, а в межличностных отношениях преобладает ответственно-великодушный стиль. Восприятие боли взаимосвязано со стилем поведения в межличностных отношениях.Выводы. При лечении и реабилитации пациенток с эндометриозом необходимо учитывать их психологические особенности, поскольку они оказывают влияние на субъективное восприятие болевого синдрома, могут снижать удовлетворенность качеством жизни и ухудшать эмоциональное состояние

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world

Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants

BACKGROUND: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. METHODS: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence—defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7·0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs—in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. FINDINGS: We used data from 751 studies including 4 372 000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4·3% (95% credible interval 2·4–7·0) in 1980 to 9·0% (7·2–11·1) in 2014 in men, and from 5·0% (2·9–7·9) to 7·9% (6·4–9·7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28·5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39·7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31·8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target. INTERPRETATION: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust