161 research outputs found
A simple example of "Quantum Darwinism": Redundant information storage in many-spin environments
As quantum information science approaches the goal of constructing quantum
computers, understanding loss of information through decoherence becomes
increasingly important. The information about a system that can be obtained
from its environment can facilitate quantum control and error correction.
Moreover, observers gain most of their information indirectly, by monitoring
(primarily photon) environments of the "objects of interest." Exactly how this
information is inscribed in the environment is essential for the emergence of
"the classical" from the quantum substrate. In this paper, we examine how
many-qubit (or many-spin) environments can store information about a single
system. The information lost to the environment can be stored redundantly, or
it can be encoded in entangled modes of the environment. We go on to show that
randomly chosen states of the environment almost always encode the information
so that an observer must capture a majority of the environment to deduce the
system's state. Conversely, in the states produced by a typical decoherence
process, information about a particular observable of the system is stored
redundantly. This selective proliferation of "the fittest information" (known
as Quantum Darwinism) plays a key role in choosing the preferred, effectively
classical observables of macroscopic systems. The developing appreciation that
the environment functions not just as a garbage dump, but as a communication
channel, is extending our understanding of the environment's role in the
quantum-classical transition beyond the traditional paradigm of decoherence.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, RevTex 4. Submitted to Foundations of Physics
(Asher Peres Festschrift
Parity Mixed Doublets in A = 36 Nuclei
The -circular polarizations () and asymmetries
() of the parity forbidden M1 + E2 -decays: MeV) and MeV)
MeV) are investigated theoretically. We use the recently proposed
Warburton-Becker-Brown shell-model interaction. For the weak forces we discuss
comparatively different weak interaction models based on different assumptions
for evaluating the weak meson-hadron coupling constants. The results determine
a range of values from which we find the most probable values:
= for and = for .Comment: RevTeX, 17 pages; to appear in Phys. Rev.
On modulational instability and energy localization in anharmonic lattices at finite energy density
The localization of vibrational energy, induced by the modulational
instability of the Brillouin-zone-boundary mode in a chain of classical
anharmonic oscillators with finite initial energy density, is studied within a
continuum theory. We describe the initial localization stage as a gas of
envelope solitons and explain their merging, eventually leading to a single
localized object containing a macroscopic fraction of the total energy of the
lattice. The initial-energy-density dependences of all characteristic time
scales of the soliton formation and merging are described analytically. Spatial
power spectra are computed and used for the quantitative explanation of the
numerical results.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
Extension of the sum rule for the transition rates between multiplets to the multiphoton case
The sum rule for the transition rates between the components of two
multiplets, known for the one-photon transitions, is extended to the
multiphoton transitions in hydrogen and hydrogen-like ions. As an example the
transitions 3p-2p, 4p-3p and 4d-3d are considered. The numerical results are
compared with previous calculations.Comment: 10 pages, 4 table
Long Range Magnetic Order and the Darwin Lagrangian
We simulate a finite system of confined electrons with inclusion of the
Darwin magnetic interaction in two- and three-dimensions. The lowest energy
states are located using the steepest descent quenching adapted for velocity
dependent potentials. Below a critical density the ground state is a static
Wigner lattice. For supercritical density the ground state has a non-zero
kinetic energy. The critical density decreases with for exponential
confinement but not for harmonic confinement. The lowest energy state also
depends on the confinement and dimension: an antiferromagnetic cluster forms
for harmonic confinement in two dimensions.Comment: 5 figure
Mutation of Ser172 in Yeast β Tubulin Induces Defects in Microtubule Dynamics and Cell Division
Ser172 of β tubulin is an important residue that is mutated in a human brain disease and phosphorylated by the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 in mammalian cells. To examine the role of this residue, we used the yeast S. cerevisiae as a model and produced two different mutations (S172A and S172E) of the conserved Ser172 in the yeast β tubulin Tub2p. The two mutants showed impaired cell growth on benomyl-containing medium and at cold temperatures, altered microtubule (MT) dynamics, and altered nucleus positioning and segregation. When cytoplasmic MT effectors Dyn1p or Kar9p were deleted in S172A and S172E mutants, cells were viable but presented increased ploidy. Furthermore, the two β tubulin mutations exhibited synthetic lethal interactions with Bik1p, Bim1p or Kar3p, which are effectors of cytoplasmic and spindle MTs. In the absence of Mad2p-dependent spindle checkpoint, both mutations are deleterious. These findings show the importance of Ser172 for the correct function of both cytoplasmic and spindle MTs and for normal cell division
Energy Relaxation in Nonlinear One-Dimensional Lattices
We study energy relaxation in thermalized one-dimensional nonlinear arrays of
the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam type. The ends of the thermalized systems are placed in
contact with a zero-temperature reservoir via damping forces. Harmonic arrays
relax by sequential phonon decay into the cold reservoir, the lower frequency
modes relaxing first. The relaxation pathway for purely anharmonic arrays
involves the degradation of higher-energy nonlinear modes into lower energy
ones. The lowest energy modes are absorbed by the cold reservoir, but a small
amount of energy is persistently left behind in the array in the form of almost
stationary low-frequency localized modes. Arrays with interactions that contain
both a harmonic and an anharmonic contribution exhibit behavior that involves
the interplay of phonon modes and breather modes. At long times relaxation is
extremely slow due to the spontaneous appearance and persistence of energetic
high-frequency stationary breathers. Breather behavior is further ascertained
by explicitly injecting a localized excitation into the thermalized array and
observing the relaxation behavior
Parity nonconserving cold neutron-parahydrogen interactions
Three pion dominated observables of the parity nonconserving interactions
between the cold neutrons and parahydrogen are calculated. The transversely
polarized neutron spin rotation, unpolarized neutron longitudinal polarization,
and photon-asymmetry of the radiative polarized neutron capture are considered.
For the numerical evaluation of the observables, the strong interactions are
taken into account by the Reid93 potential and the parity nonconserving
interactions by the DDH model along with the two-pion exchange.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
The Magnificent Seven: Magnetic fields and surface temperature distributions
Presently seven nearby radio-quiet isolated neutron stars discovered in ROSAT
data and characterized by thermal X-ray spectra are known. They exhibit very
similar properties and despite intensive searches their number remained
constant since 2001 which led to their name ``The Magnificent Seven''. Five of
the stars exhibit pulsations in their X-ray flux with periods in the range of
3.4 s to 11.4 s. XMM-Newton observations revealed broad absorption lines in the
X-ray spectra which are interpreted as cyclotron resonance absorption lines by
protons or heavy ions and / or atomic transitions shifted to X-ray energies by
strong magnetic fields of the order of 10^13 G. New XMM-Newton observations
indicate more complex X-ray spectra with multiple absorption lines. Pulse-phase
spectroscopy of the best studied pulsars RX J0720.4-3125 and RBS 1223 reveals
variations in derived emission temperature and absorption line depth with pulse
phase. Moreover, RX J0720.4-3125 shows long-term spectral changes which are
interpreted as due to free precession of the neutron star. Modeling of the
pulse profiles of RX J0720.4-3125 and RBS 1223 provides information about the
surface temperature distribution of the neutron stars indicating hot polar caps
which have different temperatures, different sizes and are probably not located
in antipodal positions.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Astrophysics and Space Science, in
the proceedings of "Isolated Neutron Stars: from the Interior to the
Surface", edited by D. Page, R. Turolla and S. Zan
Parity Violation in Proton-Proton Scattering at 221 MeV
TRIUMF experiment 497 has measured the parity violating longitudinal
analyzing power, A_z, in pp elastic scattering at 221.3 MeV incident proton
energy. This paper includes details of the corrections, some of magnitude
comparable to A_z itself, required to arrive at the final result. The largest
correction was for the effects of first moments of transverse polarization. The
addition of the result, A_z=(0.84 \pm 0.29 (stat.) \pm 0.17 (syst.)) \times
10^{-7}, to the pp parity violation experimental data base greatly improves the
experimental constraints on the weak meson-nucleon coupling constants
h^{pp}_\rho and h^{pp}_\omega, and has implications for the interpretation of
electron parity violation experiments.Comment: 17 pages RevTeX, 14 PostScript figures. Revised version with
additions suggested by Phys. Rev.
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