Towards an Achievable Performance for the Loop Nests

Numerous code optimization techniques, including loop nest optimizations, have been developed over the last four decades. Loop optimization techniques transform loop nests to improve the performance of the code on a target architecture, including exposing parallelism. Finding and evaluating an optimal, semantic-preserving sequence of transformations is a complex problem. The sequence is guided using heuristics and/or analytical models and there is no way of knowing how close it gets to optimal performance or if there is any headroom for improvement. This paper makes two contributions. First, it uses a comparative analysis of loop optimizations/transformations across multiple compilers to determine how much headroom may exist for each compiler. And second, it presents an approach to characterize the loop nests based on their hardware performance counter values and a Machine Learning approach that predicts which compiler will generate the fastest code for a loop nest. The prediction is made for both auto-vectorized, serial compilation and for auto-parallelization. The results show that the headroom for state-of-the-art compilers ranges from 1.10x to 1.42x for the serial code and from 1.30x to 1.71x for the auto-parallelized code. These results are based on the Machine Learning predictions.Comment: Accepted at the 31st International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing (LCPC 2018

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) for Patients in the 6th and 7th Decades of Life with AML or MDS Using Myeloablative, Reduced Toxicity IV Busulfan/Fludarabine (BuFlu) Conditioning Regimen

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Contribution of ULF Wave Activity to the Global Recovery of the Outer Radiation Belt During the Passage of a HighSpeed Solar Wind Stream Observed in September 2014

Energy coupling between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere can affect the electron population in the outer radiation belt. However, the precise role of different internal and external mechanisms that leads to changes of the relativistic electron population is not entirely known. This paper describes how ultralow frequency (ULF) wave activity during the passage of Alfvenic solar wind streams contributes to the global recovery of the relativistic electron population in the outer radiation belt. To investigate the contribution of the ULF waves, we searched the Van Allen Probes data for a period in which we can clearly distinguish the enhancement of electron uxes from the background. We found that the global recovery that started on 22 September 2014, which coincides with the corotating interaction region preceding a highspeed stream and the occurrence of persistent substorm activity, provides an excellent scenario to explore the contribution of ULF waves. To support our analyses, we employed ground and spacebased observational data and global magnetohydrodynamic simulations and calculated the ULF wave radial diffusion coefcients employing an empirical model. Observations show a gradual increase of electron uxes in the outer radiation belt and a concomitant enhancement of ULF activity that spreads from higher to lower Lshells. Magnetohydrodynamic simulation results agree with observed ULF wave activity in the magnetotail, which leads to both fast and Alfven modes in the magnetospheric nightside sector. The observations agree with the empirical model and are conrmed by phase space density calculations for this global recovery period

Eficiência de fungicidas para controle de giberela do trigo: resultados dos ensaios cooperativos, safra 2020.

A giberela, causada por Gibberella zea (Schw) Petch. (anamorfo Fusarium graminearum Schwabe), está presente em todos os continentes, sendo considerada a principal doença da espiga do trigo. Isso se deve por seu elevado potencial de perdas, isto é, a doença giberela causa danos significativos na espiga, afetando diretamente a quantidade e a qualidade dos grãos ou sementes pela produção da micotoxina desoxinivalenol (DON) (Fernandes; Tibola, 2011; Lau et al., 2011). A giberela em trigo é considerada uma doença de infecção floral e de difícil controle. Pode ocorrer a partir do espigamento, sendo altamente influenciada pelo ambiente. Os sintomas característicos são espiguetas esbranquiçadas e aristas que se desviam do sentido das aristas de espiguetas sadias.ODS 2, ODS 1

Inhibition of dendritic cell migration by transforming growth factor-β1 increases tumor-draining lymph node metastasis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is known to be produced by progressor tumors and to immobilize dendritic cells (DCs) within those tumors. Moreover, although TGF-β1 has been shown to promote tumor progression, there is still no direct, in vivo evidence as to whether TGF-β1 is able to directly induce distant metastasis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To address that issue and investigate the mechanism by which TGF-β1 suppresses DC activity, we subdermally inoculated mouse ears with squamous cell carcinoma cells stably expressing TGF-β1 or empty vector (mock).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The numbers of DCs within lymph nodes draining the resultant TGF-β1-expressing tumors was significantly lower than within nodes draining tumors not expressing TGF-β1. We then injected fluorescently labeled bone marrow-derived dendritic cells into the tumors, and subsequent analysis confirmed that the tumors were the source of the DCs within the tumor-draining lymph nodes, and that there were significantly fewer immature DCs within the nodes draining TGF-β1-expressing tumors than within nodes draining tumors not expressing TGF-β1. In addition, 14 days after tumor cell inoculation, lymph node metastasis occurred more frequently in mice inoculated with TGF-β1 transfectants than in those inoculated with the mock transfectants.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These findings provide new evidence that tumor-derived TGF-β1 inhibits migration of DCs from tumors to their draining lymph nodes, and this immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β1 increases the likelihood of metastasis in the affected nodes.</p

Eficiência de fungicidas para controle de oídio do trigo: resultados dos ensaios cooperativos, safra 2020.

O trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) representa, aproximadamente, 30% da produção mundial de grãos, tendo em 2019, 220 milhões de hectares cultivados e 749 milhões de toneladas produzidas (FAO, 2020). Destacam-se como um dos fatores limitantes da cultura, doenças causadas por fungos, que podem comprometer o desenvolvimento das plantas e gerar perda de rendimento quando relacionadas a condições climáticas favoráveis à ocorrência de epidemias (Lau et al., 2011). Existem mais de 70 doenças descritas para o trigo e os cereais de inverno, sendo que destas, aproximadamente 20 já foram encontradas no Brasil. Entre elas, a doença foliar que vem se destacando nos últimos anos nas condições de cultivo de trigo brasileiro é o oídio.ODS 2, ODS 12

Developments in the science of zein, kafirin, and gluten protein bioplastic materials

Despite much research, there are very few commercial prolamin bio-plastics. The major reason, apart from their high cost, is that they have inferior functional properties compared to synthetic polymer plastics. This is because the prolamins are complex, each consisting of several classes and sub-classes and the functional properties of their bio-plastics are greatly affected by water. Prolamin bio-plastics are produced by protein aggregation from a solvent or by thermoplastic processing. Recent research indicates that protein aggregation occurs by polypeptide self-assembly into nanostructures. Protein secondary structure in terms of α- helical and β-sheet structure seems to play a key, but incompletely understood role in assembly. Also, there is inadequate knowledge as to how these nanostructures further assemble and organize into the various forms of prolamin bio-plastics such as films, fibres, microparticles and scaffolds. Some improvements in bio-plastic functionality have been made by better prolamin solvation, plasticization, physical and chemical cross-linking, derivatization and blending with other polymers. The most promising area of commercialization is the biomedical field where the relative hydrophilicity, compatibility and biodegradability of particularly zein and kafirin are advantageous. With regard to biomedical applications, “supramolecular design” of prolamin bio-plastics through control over interand intramolecular weak interactions and SS/SH interchange between and within polypeptides appears to have considerable potential.University of Pretoria doctoral bursaryhttp://cerealchemistry.aaccnet.org/hb201