Subarachnoid hemorrhage: tests of association with apolipoprotein E and elastin genes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Apolipoprotein E (<it>APOE</it>) and elastin (<it>ELN</it>) are plausible candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of stroke. We tested for association of variants in <it>APOE </it>and <it>ELN </it>with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a population-based study. We genotyped 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on <it>APOE </it>and 10 SNPs on <it>ELN </it>in a sample of 309 Caucasian individuals, of whom 107 are SAH cases and 202 are age-, race-, and gender-matched controls from the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region. Associations were tested at genotype, allele, and haplotype levels. A genomic control analysis was performed to check for spurious associations resulting from population substructure.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At the <it>APOE </it>locus, no individual SNP was associated with SAH after correction for multiple comparisons. Haplotype analysis revealed significant association of the major haplotype (Hap1) in <it>APOE </it>with SAH (<it>p </it>= 0.001). The association stemmed from both the 5' promoter and the 3' region of the <it>APOE </it>gene. <it>APOE </it>ε2 and ε 4 were not significantly associated with SAH. No association was observed for <it>ELN </it>at genotype, allele, or haplotype level and our study failed to confirm previous reports of <it>ELN </it>association with aneurysmal SAH.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study suggests a role of the <it>APOE </it>gene in the etiology of aneurysmal SAH.</p

Parametric investigation of coconut shells as partial replacement of coarse aggregates in sustainable concrete

Sustainable construction materials for resource efficiency and environmental effect have grown in popularity .Coconut shells, a waste product of the coconut industry, are plentiful in tropical climates. They are lightweight and permeable, making them an attractive alternative to coarse aggregates. Coconut shells can reduce trash disposal and gravel and sand use by adding them to concrete mixtures. Coconut shell aggregates improve concrete’s mechanical strength and durability, although at a lesser rate than conventional aggregates. Coconut shell replacement depends on particle size, surface properties, and curing conditions. Coconut shells with concrete improve thermal insulation, density, and acoustics. In this investigation compressive and flexural strengths of Grade M20 has been studied by replacing natural coarse aggregates with coconut shells at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight at curing intervals of 7,14 and 28 days. Cubes and beams were casted and then tested and the tests revealed that coconut shells can be used upto 10% in replacement of natural aggregates imparting a strength almost equivalent to conventional concrete

Subarachnoid hemorrhage: tests of association with apolipoprotein E and elastin genes-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Subarachnoid hemorrhage: tests of association with apolipoprotein E and elastin genes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/8/49</p><p>BMC Medical Genetics 2007;8():49-49.</p><p>Published online 31 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1950089.</p><p></p>cle 1–12 represents the most common haplotype formed by SNPs 1 to 12). Significance level of the most common haplotype is indicated by color: yellow (~ 0.05–0.1), green (~ 0.01–0.05) and red (< 0.01). Global significance for sliding window is 0.013

Subarachnoid hemorrhage: tests of association with apolipoprotein E and elastin genes-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Subarachnoid hemorrhage: tests of association with apolipoprotein E and elastin genes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/8/49</p><p>BMC Medical Genetics 2007;8():49-49.</p><p>Published online 31 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1950089.</p><p></p>cle 1–12 represents the most common haplotype formed by SNPs 1 to 12). Significance level of the most common haplotype is indicated by color: yellow (~ 0.05–0.1), green (~ 0.01–0.05) and red (< 0.01). Global significance for sliding window is 0.013