Effects of Cigarette Butts Extract on the Mortality of Mosquito Wrigglers

The study aimed to determine the effects of cigarette butt extract on the mortality of mosquito wrigglers. It is an experimental research using true experimental design. Mosquito wrigglers collected were randomly selected with 10 wrigglers each treatment. The containers used for the treatment were randomly arrangedfollowing the complete randomized block design with 3 replicates each treatment. Five treatments were tested: T1 Control1 (Water); T2 Control2 (Extract from new filter);T31 used cig-butt/li sdw/period of exposure (pE) until death of wrigglers; T4 2 used cig-butt/li sdw/pE; T5 3 used cig-butt/li sdw/pE where 24 hours was the period offilter/cig-butt extraction or simple water soaking of cig-butt, and new filter for control. Mosquito wrigglers were collected using an empty aquarium. These treatments were unsuccessful. Modifications were made on the number of cig-butts, quantity of water, period of soaking/extraction of cig-butts and the period of exposure. When the cig-butts were soaked for 48 hours, mosquito wrigglers all died in T4 and T5 after 15 hours period of exposure. No wriggler died in T3 . Result of the experiment for the 4 trials revealed that the more cigarette butts extracted for a given quantity of water will kill mosquito wrigglers when exposed longer to the treatment. Keywords: cigarette butt, extract, mortality, wriggler

Shotguns vs Lasers: Identifying barriers and facilitators to scaling-up plant molecular farming for high-value health products.

Plant molecular farming (PMF) is a convenient and cost-effective way to produce high-value recombinant proteins that can be used in the production of a range of health products, from pharmaceutical therapeutics to cosmetic products. New plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) provide a means to enhance PMF systems more quickly and with greater precision than ever before. However, the feasibility, regulatory standing and social acceptability of both PMF and NPBTs are in question. This paper explores the perceptions of key stakeholders on two European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 programmes-Pharma-Factory and Newcotiana-towards the barriers and facilitators of PMF and NPBTs in Europe. One-on-one qualitative interviews were undertaken with N = 20 individuals involved in one or both of the two projects at 16 institutions in seven countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Israel, Spain and the UK). The findings indicate that the current EU regulatory environment and the perception of the public towards biotechnology are seen as the main barriers to scaling-up PMF and NPBTs. Competition from existing systems and the lack of plant-specific regulations likewise present challenges for PMF developing beyond its current niche. However, respondents felt that the communication of the benefits and purpose of NPBT PMF could provide a platform for improving the social acceptance of genetic modification. The importance of the media in this process was highlighted. This article also uses the multi-level perspective to explore the ways in which NPBTs are being legitimated by interested parties and the systemic factors that have shaped and are continuing to shape the development of PMF in Europe

New Hope for a “Cursed” Crop? Understanding Stakeholder Attitudes to Plant Molecular Farming With Modified Tobacco in Europe

Plant molecular farming (PMF) with tobacco could provide a sustainable and cheap platform for the production of high-value proteins for medical use. It could also offer European tobacco farmers an alternative, healthful end use for their crop. New plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) offer a means of quickly and precisely optimizing molecular farming platforms for this purpose. However, there has been little empirical research focussing on the barriers and facilitators of these technologies in the agricultural sphere. Here, we explore key stakeholder perceptions toward this combination of technologies, exploring their understanding of risk and opportunity. We interviewed N = 24 key stakeholders – tobacco farmers, agronomists, policymakers, and researchers – in three tobacco-growing areas of Spain and Italy. Our findings demonstrate these stakeholders have a favorable attitude toward PMF with tobacco due to its beneficial medical purpose and the opportunity it provides farmers to continue growing tobacco in a declining European market. Tobacco producers also reported favorable views toward NPBTs, though for some this was contingent on their use for non-food crops like tobacco. Most stakeholders’ concerns are economic in nature, such as potential profitability and demands for new agronomic practices or infrastructure. Tobacco producer associations were thought to be important facilitators for future PMF scale-up. The attitude toward these technologies by smoking tobacco companies is, however, unknown and constitutes a potential risk to the development of PMF

Discusión y aporte teórico-metodológico sobre movilidad y experiencia de desigualdad en una ciudad turística patagónica

Nos proponemos realizar un aporte exploratorio a la discusión teórica-metodológica sobre el estudio de la movilidad urbana y su vinculación con la experiencia de la desigualdad, a partir del abordaje empírico en una ciudad intermedia turística de la región patagónica. El trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación Desigualdad, experiencia y movilidad urbana en una ciudad turística, Puerto Madryn, Chubut (2008-2018) cuyo objetivo general es analizar la movilidad de residentes y turistas, sus consecuencias en materia de desigualdad y las políticas públicas urbanas y turísticas asociadas a la problemática. De la indagación bibliográfica observamos que los estudios urbanos de las últimas décadas dan cuenta de la carencia en el análisis de la expansión y la desigualdad urbana en relación con la movilidad de personas, tanto de residentes como de turistas. Asimismo, apenas se registran antecedentes sobre el tema en ciudades intermedias de Latinoamérica y, menos aún, de la región patagónica. Puerto Madryn ha experimentado un proceso de expansión urbana y demográfica destacada desde 1970, en el cual los servicios administrados por el Estado no han seguido un proceso de planificación, sino más bien una lógica de espontaneidad y urgencia. Consideramos central pensar la movilidad como una práctica para leer la desigualdad social y urbana, desde una perspectiva territorial en el escenario específico de estudio. Se trata de una investigación académica y aplicada, en la cual se emplean métodos y técnicas de recolección de datos y análisis de resultados aportados por las ciencias sociales y la informática, con el propósito de generar información para el diseño de políticas públicas.Fil: Ferrari, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Kaminker, Sergio Andés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Velasquez, Roxana Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Pacho, C.. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Santos Valencia, A.. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaVII Congreso Nacional de Geografía de Universidades Públicas y XXI Jornadas de Geografía de la UNLPLa PlataArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Departamento de GeografíaCentro de Investigaciones GeográficasRed de Geografía de las Universidades Públicas de la República Argentin

HLA haplotypes associated with hemochromatosis mutations in the Spanish population

BACKGROUND: The present study is an analysis of the frequencies of HLA-A and -B antigens and HLA haplotypes in two groups of individuals homozygous for the two main HFE mutations (C282Y and H63D) and a group heterozygous for the S65C mutation. METHODS: The study population includes: 1123 healthy individuals, 100 homozygous for the C282Y mutation, 138 homozygous for the H63D mutation and 17 heterozygous for the S65C mutation. HFE and HLA alleles were detected using DNA-based and microlymphocytotoxicity techniques respectively. RESULTS: An expected significant association between C282Y and the HLA-A3/B7 haplotype was found, but other HLA haplotypes carrying the -A3 antigen were found: HLA-A3/B62 and HLA-A3/B44. Also, a significant association between H63D mutation and HLA-A29/B44 haplotype was found, and again other HLA haplotypes carrying the HLA-A29 antigen were also found: HLA-A29/B14 and HLA-A29/B62. In addition, the S65C mutation seems to be associated with a HLA haplotype carrying the HLA-A26 antigen. CONCLUSION: These findings clearly suggest that HLA-A3/B7 and HLA-A29/B44 are the ancestral haplotypes from which the C282Y and H63D mutations originated, respectively. The frequencies of these mutations in different populations, their geographical distribution, and the degree of the statistical association to the ancestral haplotypes, suggest that the H63D mutation must have occurred earlier than the C282Y mutation

Higiene bucal: su repercusión en pacientes con tratamientos ortodóncicos

El éxito de los tratamientos ortodóncicos aplicados en la adolescencia radica en mantener una higiene bucal buena, la cual favorece un buen funcionamiento y evita la aparición de complicaciones en los pacientes, asociado con un correcto cepillado de los dientes y de los aparatos ortodóncicos, lo que es un elemento esencial e importante para un tratamiento exitoso, unido al mantenimiento saludable de las encías, prevención de las caries y peridontitis. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 50 pacientes de uno u otro sexo y raza, con edades comprendidas entre 12-16 años, procedentes de la Consulta de Ortodoncia de la Clínica Estomatológica H y 21, en el período de marzo-agosto del 2006, los cuales reciben tratamiento ortodóncico, con el objetivo de determinar la higiene bucal durante el tratamiento. Predominó el sexo masculino y el grupo de 12-14 años. Se observó que el 92 % de los pacientes estudiados se categorizó con índice de higiene bucal simplificado bueno y solo el 8 % con un índice de higiene bucal simplificado regular. Finalmente el índice de higiene bucal simplificado del colectivo fue bueno. Se recomienda incrementar y fomentar aún más el mantenimiento de la higiene bucal, para obtener un buen éxito durante el tratamiento ortodóncico y por lo tanto, que el paciente pueda disfrutar de una bonita sonrisa sin afectaciones psicológica