Padrões ecológicos da comunidade zooplanctônica antes e após a construção de um reservatório hidrelétrico tropical

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2017.Esta dissertação avaliou alguns padrões ecológicos correspondentes à comunidade zooplanctônica ao longo do monitoramento da formação do reservatório Serra do Facão, no rio São Marcos (julho de 2007 a junho de 2010). O rio São Marcos, pertencente à bacia do rio do Prata, apresentava uma vazão média de 1.290,8 m3 /s e agora possui uma área inundada de 232,370 km2 com capacidade de gerar 210 megawatts de energia. A comunidade zooplanctônica (cladócero, copépode, rotífero e tecameba) e as variáveis ambientais limnológicas foram coletadas bimestralmente na área de influência da usina hidrelétrica, desde montante da área de remanso do reservatório até 1 km jusante do canal de fuga da usina (16 pontos amostrais). Os principais resultados evidenciam que (1) os valores encontrados para concordância entre grupos e para sincronia populacional podem variar ao longo das campanhas de amostragem, principalmente, entre as fases da implantação da barragem (antes e após a formação do reservatório hídrico); (2) nenhum dos grupos taxonômicos analisados foi indicativo entre si (concordantes) inviabilizando o uso de grupos susbtitutos no monitoramento do reservatório; (3) a redução da resolução numérica e taxonômica se apresentou satisfatória independente da fase de implantação em que o reservatório se encontra, o que pode otimizar o tempo das análises das amostras do monitoramento ambiental; (4) as flutuações populacionais dos grupos zooplanctônicos apresentaram baixa sincronia ao longo do tempo podendo chegar à assincronia, porém (5) a regulação destas flutuações não são decorrentes das variações ambientais e nem da dispersão populacional, o que inviabiliza a redução do esforço amostral e a predição da comunidade zooplanctônica com base nesses dois mecanismos.This dissertation evaluated some ecological patterns correspondent to zooplanktonic community along monitoring of the construction of Serra do Facão reservoir in São Marcos river (2007 July to 2010 June). São Marcos river, belonging to Prata river basin, had an average flow of 1.290,8 m³/s and now have a flooded area of 232,370 km² with capacity to generate 210 megawatts of energy. Zooplanktonic community (cladocera, copepod, rotifer and testate amoebae) and limnological environmental variables were bimonthly collected in the area of hydroelectric power plant influence, from upstream of the reservoir to 1km downstream of power plant’s escape channel (16 points). The most relevant results showed that (1) the values observed for concordance between groups and for populational synchronization can vary over sampling campaigns, mostly between dam’s construction phases (before and after hydric reservoir formation); (2) none of analyzed taxonomic groups were indicative among themselves (concordant) making it impossible to use surrogates groups on reservoir monitoring; (3) the reduction of numerical and taxonomic resolution was satisfactory independent of which phase the reservoir formation was, which optimizes the analyses time in environmental samples; (4) population fluctuations of zooplanktonic groups presented low synchrony over time which could reach to asynchrony, however (5) regulation of this fluctuations is neither due to environmental variations, nor to populational dispersion, which make impossible reduction of sample effort and prediction of zooplanctonic community based on these two mechanisms

The subfamily Gerrinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) at the Rio Trombetas hydrografic basin, Pará, Brasil

A survey of the the Family Gerridae was made at the Hidrological Basin of the Trombetas river, Pará state, Brazil, since the Headwaters until the Lower Trombetas river. Gerridae was the most representative Family among the aquatic Heteroptera and Gerrinae the most collected subfamily on 12 of the 35 collected points. Maps with the first geographic distributional records for the Trombetas river Basin and a key for the identification of the 5 genera and 6 species is presented.Foi realizado um levantamento da Família Gerridae na Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Trombetas, Pará, Brasil, desde as cabeceiras até o Baixo Trombetas. Entre os Hemiptera aquático, Gerridae foi a Família mais representativa, sendo Gerrinae a subfamília mais coletada em 12 dos 35 pontos de coleta. Mapas com os primeiros registros da distribuição geográfica de Gerrinae para a Bacia do rio Trombetas e uma chave para a identificação dos cinco gêneros e seis espécies são apresentadas

Prospecção Tecnológica na Indústria de Alimentos e Bebidas: um panorama dos processos e equipamentos para produção de malte

The present work presents a technological prospection, applied to the food and beverage industry, processes and equipment for malting. The research methodology carried out searches on patent search platforms and scientific articles, using malt, malting, brewing, process, production, cereal and grain as keywords. 2109 patents and 732 articles were found between 2008 and 2017; with 68% of patents attributed to China and 19% to Russia. In relation to the articles, Germany has the highest production with 9.4% of articles, followed by Ireland with 7.2%. China presents a consolidated technology scenario, with a large number of patent documents and a low number of scientific papers. Brazil is in a scenario of potential application, but it is in a phase of technological development, but the initiatives of the universities stand out, developing technologies aimed at this market and making the deposit, giving them visibility within the sector industrial.O presente trabalho apresenta uma prospecção tecnológica, aplicada à indústria de alimentos e bebidas, de processos e equipamentos para produção de malte. A metodologia de pesquisa realizou buscas em plataformas de busca de patentes e artigos científicos, usando como palavras-chave malt, malting, brewing, process, production, cereal e grain. Foram encontrados 2.109 patentes e 732 artigos, de 2008 a 2017; sendo 68% das patentes atribuídas à China e 19% à Rússia. Em relação aos artigos, a Alemanha apresenta a maior produção com 9,4% dos artigos, seguida pela Irlanda com 7,2%. A China apresenta um cenário de tecnologia consolidada, com um grande número de documentos patentários e baixo número de artigos científicos. O Brasil está em um cenário de potencial aplicação, porém encontra-se em fase de desenvolvimento tecnológico, mas destacam-se as iniciativas das universidades, ao desenvolverem tecnologias voltadas para esse mercado e realizarem o depósito, conferindo-lhes visibilidade dentro do setor industrial

Automatic Detection of Malignant Masses in Digital Mammograms Based on a MCET-HHO Approach

Digital image processing techniques have become an important process within medical images. These techniques allow the improvement of the images in order to facilitate their interpretation for specialists. Within these are the segmentation methods, which help to divide the images by regions based on different approaches, in order to identify details that may be complex to distinguish initially. In this work, it is proposed the implementation of a multilevel threshold segmentation technique applied to mammography images, based on the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm, in order to identify regions of interest (ROIs) that contain malignant masses. The method of minimum cross entropy thresholding (MCET) is used to select the optimal threshold values for the segmentation. For the development of this work, four mammography images were used (all with presence of a malignant tumor), in their two views, craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO), obtained from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM). Finally, the ROIs calculated were compared with the original ROIs of the database through a series of metrics, to evaluate the behavior of the algorithm. According to the results obtained, where it is shown that the agreement between the original ROIs and the calculated ROIs is significantly high, it is possible to conclude that the proposal of the MCET-HHO algorithm allows the automatic identification of ROIs containing malignant tumors in mammography images with significant accuracy.Digital image processing techniques have become an important process within medical images. These techniques allow the improvement of the images in order to facilitate their interpretation for specialists. Within these are the segmentation methods, which help to divide the images by regions based on different approaches, in order to identify details that may be complex to distinguish initially. In this work, it is proposed the implementation of a multilevel threshold segmentation technique applied to mammography images, based on the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm, in order to identify regions of interest (ROIs) that contain malignant masses. The method of minimum cross entropy thresholding (MCET) is used to select the optimal threshold values for the segmentation. For the development of this work, four mammography images were used (all with presence of a malignant tumor), in their two views, craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO), obtained from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM). Finally, the ROIs calculated were compared with the original ROIs of the database through a series of metrics, to evaluate the behavior of the algorithm. According to the results obtained, where it is shown that the agreement between the original ROIs and the calculated ROIs is significantly high, it is possible to conclude that the proposal of the MCET-HHO algorithm allows the automatic identification of ROIs containing malignant tumors in mammography images with significant accuracy

New insights into the distribution and conservation status of the Golden-White Tassel-Ear Marmoset Mico chrysoleucos (Primates, Callitrichidae)

Among the 13 Mico species recognized by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, six are listed as "Data Deficient". The geographic range of most of the Mico species has been estimated from only a few records. We report new localities and the geographic extension of Mico chrysoleucos. In addition, we confirmed the presence of the species in two distinct protected areas. We modeled the habitat suitability of M. chrysoleucos using the maximum entropy method and including new records obtained by the authors in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. From the total area of occurrence calculated for the species, 22.8% is covered by protected areas and indigenous lands. The annual mean deforestation rate estimated between 2000 and 2015 was 2.95%, and the total area deforested by 2015 was 3354 km2 or 8.6% of the total distribution limits of the species. The habitat lost between 2000 and 2015 was 3.2% (1131 km2 ) of the total potential distribution, while the habitat loss area legally protected was 31 km2, and the habitat loss in settlements was equal to 691 km2. Our results extend the geographic distribution of the species about 100 km farther south, with the Maracanã River being a possible geographic barrier for the species. The significantly low rate of habitat loss inside protected areas and indigenous land, when compared to unprotected areas, points out the importance of these areas to M. chrysoleucos conservation. The species is relatively wide-ranging, legally protected, and resilient to regional anthropic threats. However, the hydroelectric schemes and the improvement of the road system in southern Amazonia pose an imminent threat to the species