401 research outputs found
17 ways to say yes:Toward nuanced tone of voice in AAC and speech technology
People with complex communication needs who use speech-generating devices have very little expressive control over their tone of voice. Despite its importance in human interaction, the issue of tone of voice remains all but absent from AAC research and development however. In this paper, we describe three interdisciplinary projects, past, present and future: The critical design collection Six Speaking Chairs has provoked deeper discussion and inspired a social model of tone of voice; the speculative concept Speech Hedge illustrates challenges and opportunities in designing more expressive user interfaces; the pilot project Tonetable could enable participatory research and seed a research network around tone of voice. We speculate that more radical interactions might expand frontiers of AAC and disrupt speech technology as a whole
Canonical quantization of general relativity in discrete space-times
It has long been recognized that lattice gauge theory formulations, when
applied to general relativity, conflict with the invariance of the theory under
diffeomorphisms. Additionally, the traditional lattice field theory approach
consists in fixing the gauge in a Euclidean action, which does not appear
appropriate for general relativity. We analyze discrete lattice general
relativity and develop a canonical formalism that allows to treat constrained
theories in Lorentzian signature space-times. The presence of the lattice
introduces a ``dynamical gauge'' fixing that makes the quantization of the
theories conceptually clear, albeit computationally involved. Among other
issues the problem of a consistent algebra of constraints is automatically
solved in our approach. The approach works successfully in other field theories
as well, including topological theories like BF theory. We discuss a simple
cosmological application that exhibits the quantum elimination of the
singularity at the big bang.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, no figures, final version to appear in Physical
Review Letter
Evaluation of design recommendations for the development of wheelchair rugby sports-wear
Currently, wheelchair rugby athletes face the challenges of playing the sport without specifically designed sports-wear kit. A few designs and recommendations have already been proposed by researchers but none have made it to market yet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a set of design recommendations for the development of wheelchair rugby sports-wear. This was done so that the products to be created are developed in collaboration with their potential users, responding to their particular needs and requirements. The evaluation was done through an online survey, where the athletes were presented with a visual representation of the design recommendations. The results indicate that the people questioned agree with the majority of the proposed designs and would be happy to have these improvements made to their current sports-wear. The most criticised recommendations were for the gloves, as they are the most important part of the kit, so it is important that they are adequate and allow for a good performance
Close limit evolution of Kerr-Schild type initial data for binary black holes
We evolve the binary black hole initial data family proposed by Bishop {\em
et al.} in the limit in which the black holes are close to each other. We
present an exact solution of the linearized initial value problem based on
their proposal and make use of a recently introduced generalized formalism for
studying perturbations of Schwarzschild black holes in arbitrary coordinates to
perform the evolution. We clarify the meaning of the free parameters of the
initial data family through the results for the radiated energy and waveforms
from the black hole collision.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex, four eps figure
No black hole information puzzle in a relational universe
The introduction of a relational time in quantum gravity naturally implies
that pure quantum states evolve into mixed quantum states. We show, using a
recently proposed concrete implementation, that the rate at which pure states
naturally evolve into mixed ones is faster than that due to collapsing into a
black hole that later evaporates. This is rather remarkable since the
fundamental mechanism for decoherence is usually very weak. Therefore the
``black hole information puzzle'' is rendered de-facto unobservable.Comment: 4 pages, no figures, revte
Perturbative evolution of conformally flat initial data for a single boosted black hole
The conformally flat families of initial data typically used in numerical
relativity to represent boosted black holes are not those of a boosted slice of
the Schwarzschild spacetime. If such data are used for each black hole in a
collision, the emitted radiation will be partially due to the ``relaxation'' of
the individual holes to ``boosted Schwarzschild'' form. We attempt to compute
this radiation by treating the geometry for a single boosted conformally flat
hole as a perturbation of a Schwarzschild black hole, which requires the use of
second order perturbation theory. In this we attempt to mimic a previous
calculation we did for the conformally flat initial data for spinning holes. We
find that the boosted black hole case presents additional subtleties, and
although one can evolve perturbatively and compute radiated energies, it is
much less clear than in the spinning case how useful for the study of
collisions are the radiation estimates for the ``spurious energy'' in each
hole. In addition to this we draw some lessons on which frame of reference
appears as more favorable for computing black hole collisions in the close
limit approximation.Comment: 11 pages, RevTex, 4 figures included with psfig, to appear in PR
The Lazarus Project. II. Spacelike extraction with the quasi-Kinnersley tetrad
The Lazarus project was designed to make the most of limited 3D binary
black-hole simulations, through the identification of perturbations at late
times, and subsequent evolution of the Weyl scalar via the Teukolsky
formulation. Here we report on new developments, employing the concept of the
``quasi-Kinnersley'' (transverse) frame, valid in the full nonlinear regime, to
analyze late-time numerical spacetimes that should differ only slightly from
Kerr. This allows us to extract the essential information about the background
Kerr solution, and through this, to identify the radiation present. We
explicitly test this procedure with full numerical evolutions of Bowen-York
data for single spinning black holes, head-on and orbiting black holes near the
ISCO regime. These techniques can be compared with previous Lazarus results,
providing a measure of the numerical-tetrad errors intrinsic to the method, and
give as a by-product a more robust wave extraction method for numerical
relativity.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures. Journal version with text changes, revised
figures. [Note updated version of original Lazarus paper (gr-qc/0104063)
Effects of CPT and Lorentz Invariance Violation on Pulsar Kicks
The breakdown of Lorentz's and CPT invariance, as described by the Extension
of the Standard Model, gives rise to a modification of the dispersion relation
of particles. Consequences of such a modification are reviewed in the framework
of pulsar kicks induced by neutrino oscillations (active-sterile conversion). A
peculiar feature of the modified energy-momentum relations is the occurrence of
terms of the form \delta {\bbox \Pi}\cdot {\bf {\hat p}}, where \delta
{\bbox \Pi} accounts for the difference of spatial components of flavor
depending coefficients which lead to the departure of the Lorentz symmetry, and
, being the neutrino momentum. Owing to the
relative orientation of with respect to \delta {\bbox \Pi}, the
{\it coupling} \delta {\bbox \Pi}\cdot {\bf {\hat p}} may induce the
mechanism to generate the observed pulsar velocities. Topics related to the
velocity distribution of pulsars are also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur
The collision of boosted black holes
We study the radiation from a collision of black holes with equal and
opposite linear momenta. Results are presented from a full numerical relativity
treatment and are compared with the results from a ``close-slow''
approximation. The agreement is remarkable, and suggests several insights about
the generation of gravitational radiation in black hole collisions.Comment: 8 pages, RevTeX, 3 figures included with eps
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