105 research outputs found
6D supergravity without tensor multiplets
We systematically investigate the finite set of possible gauge groups and
matter content for N = 1 supergravity theories in six dimensions with no tensor
multiplets, focusing on nonabelian gauge groups which are a product of SU(N)
factors. We identify a number of models which obey all known low-energy
consistency conditions, but which have no known string theory realization. Many
of these models contain novel matter representations, suggesting possible new
string theory constructions. Many of the most exotic matter structures arise in
models which precisely saturate the gravitational anomaly bound on the number
of hypermultiplets. Such models have a rigid symmetry structure, in the sense
that there are no moduli which leave the full gauge group unbroken.Comment: 31 pages, latex; v2, v3: minor corrections, references adde
Mental Health Diagnoses and Utilization of VA Non-Mental Health Medical Services Among Returning Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans
Over 35% of returned Iraq and Afghanistan veterans in VA care have received mental health diagnoses; the most prevalent is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Little is known about these patients’ use of non-mental health medical services and the impact of mental disorders on utilization.
To compare utilization across three groups of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans: those without mental disorders, those with mental disorders other than PTSD, and those with PTSD.
National, descriptive study of 249,440 veterans newly utilizing VA healthcare between October 7, 2001 and March 31, 2007, followed until March 31, 2008.
We used ICD9-CM diagnostic codes to classify mental health status. We compared utilization of outpatient non-mental health services, primary care, medical subspecialty, ancillary services, laboratory tests/diagnostic procedures, emergency services, and hospitalizations during veterans’ first year in VA care. Results were adjusted for demographics and military service and VA facility characteristics.
Veterans with mental disorders had 42–146% greater utilization than those without mental disorders, depending on the service category (all P < 0.001). Those with PTSD had the highest utilization in all categories: 71–170% greater utilization than those without mental disorders (all P < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, compared with veterans without mental disorders, those with mental disorders other than PTSD had 55% higher utilization of all non-mental health outpatient services; those with PTSD had 91% higher utilization. Female sex and lower rank were also independently associated with greater utilization.
Veterans with mental health diagnoses, particularly PTSD, utilize significantly more VA non-mental health medical services. As more veterans return home, we must ensure resources are allocated to meet their outpatient, inpatient, and emergency needs
Structure in 6D and 4D N=1 supergravity theories from F-theory
We explore some aspects of 4D supergravity theories and F-theory vacua that
are parallel to structures in the space of 6D theories. The spectrum and
topological terms in 4D supergravity theories correspond to topological data of
F-theory geometry, just as in six dimensions. In particular, topological
axion-curvature squared couplings appear in 4D theories; these couplings are
characterized by vectors in the dual to the lattice of axion shift symmetries
associated with string charges. These terms are analogous to the Green-Schwarz
terms of 6D supergravity theories, though in 4D the terms are not generally
linked with anomalies. We outline the correspondence between F-theory topology
and data of the corresponding 4D supergravity theories. The correspondence of
geometry with structure in the low-energy action illuminates topological
aspects of heterotic-F-theory duality in 4D as well as in 6D. The existence of
an F-theory realization also places geometrical constraints on the 4D
supergravity theory in the large-volume limit.Comment: 63 page
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Localisation and origin of the bacteriochlorophyll-derived photosensitizer in the retina of the deep-sea dragon fish Malacosteus niger
Most deep-sea fish have a single visual pigment maximally sensitive at short wavelengths, approximately matching the spectrum of both downwelling sunlight and bioluminescence. However, Malcosteus niger produces far-red bioluminescence and its longwave retinal sensitivity is enhanced by red-shifted visual pigments, a longwave reflecting tapetum and, uniquely, a bacteriochlorophyllderived photosensitizer. The origin of the photosensitizer, however, remains unclear. We investigated whether the bacteriochlorophyll was produced by endosymbiotic bacteria within unusual structures adjacent to the photoreceptors that had previously been described in this species. However, microscopy, elemental analysis and SYTOX green staining provided no evidence for such localised retinal bacteria, instead the photosensitizer was shown to be distributed throughout the retina. Furthermore, comparison of mRNA from the retina of Malacosteus to that of the closely related Pachystomias microdon (which does not contain a bacterichlorophyll-derived photosensitzer) revealed no genes of bacterial origin that were specifically up-regulated in Malacosteus. Instead up-regulated Malacosteus genes were associated with photosensitivity and may relate to its unique visual ecology and the chlorophyll-based visual system. We also suggest that the unusual longwave-reflecting, astaxanthin-based, tapetum of Malacosteus may protect the retina from the potential cytotoxicity of such a system
On the Hodge structure of elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds
The Hodge numbers of generic elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds over
toric base surfaces fill out the "shield" structure previously identified by
Kreuzer and Skarke. The connectivity structure of these spaces and bounds on
the Hodge numbers are illuminated by considerations from F-theory and the
minimal model program. In particular, there is a rigorous bound on the Hodge
number h_{21} <= 491 for any elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefold. The
threefolds with the largest known Hodge numbers are associated with a sequence
of blow-ups of toric bases beginning with the Hirzebruch surface F_{12} and
ending with the toric base for the F-theory model with largest known gauge
group.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures; v2: minor corrections, references added; v3:
minor corrections, improvements, reference added, version for JHE
Constraints on 6D Supergravity Theories with Abelian Gauge Symmetry
We study six-dimensional N=(1,0) supergravity theories with abelian, as well
as non-abelian, gauge group factors. We show that for theories with fewer than
nine tensor multiplets, the number of possible combinations of gauge groups -
including abelian factors - and non-abelian matter representations is finite.
We also identify infinite families of theories with distinct U(1) charges that
cannot be ruled out using known quantum consistency conditions, though only a
finite subset of these can arise from known string constructions.Comment: 49 pages, latex; v2: minor corrections, references added; v3: minor
correction
Matter and singularities
We analyze the structure of matter representations arising from codimension
two singularities in F-theory, focusing on gauge groups SU(N). We give a
detailed local description of the geometry associated with several types of
singularities and the associated matter representations. We also construct
global F-theory models for 6D and 4D theories containing these matter
representations. The codimension two singularities encountered include examples
where the apparent Kodaira singularity type does not need to be completely
resolved to produce a smooth Calabi-Yau, examples with rank enhancement by more
than one, and examples where the 7-brane configuration is singular. We identify
novel phase transitions, in some of which the gauge group remains fixed but the
singularity type and associated matter content change along a continuous family
of theories. Global analysis of 6D theories on P^2 with 7-branes wrapped on
curves of small degree reproduces the range of 6D supergravity theories
identified through anomaly cancellation and other consistency conditions.
Analogous 4D models are constructed through global F-theory compactifications
on P^3, and have a similar pattern of SU(N) matter content. This leads to a
constraint on the matter content of a limited class of 4D supergravity theories
containing SU(N) as a local factor of the gauge group.Comment: 55 pages, 7 figures; v2: references added; v3: minor correctio
The case for home based telehealth in pediatric palliative care: a systematic review
Background: Over the last decade technology has rapidly changed the ability to provide home telehealth services. At the same time, pediatric palliative care has developed as a small, but distinct speciality. Understanding the experiences of providing home telehealth services in pediatric palliative care is therefore important
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