Singularities of the Magnon Boundstate S-Matrix

We study the conjectured exact S-matrix for the scattering of BPS magnon boundstates in the spin-chain description of planar N=4 SUSY Yang-Mills. The conjectured S-matrix exhibits both simple and double poles at complex momenta. Some of these poles lie parametrically close to the real axis in momentum space on the branch where particle energies are positive. We show that all such poles are precisely accounted for by physical processes involving one or more on-shell intermediate particles belonging to the known BPS spectrum.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figure

Longitudinal Molecular Trajectories of Diffuse Glioma in Adults

The evolutionary processes that drive universal therapeutic resistance in adult patients with diffuse glioma remain unclear ¹² . Here we analysed temporally separated DNA-sequencing data and matched clinical annotation from 222 adult patients with glioma. By analysing mutations and copy numbers across the three major subtypes of difuse glioma, we found that driver genes detected at the initial stage of disease were retained at recurrence, whereas there was little evidence of recurrence-specifc gene alterations. Treatment with alkylating agents resulted in a hypermutator phenotype at diferent rates across the glioma subtypes, and hypermutation was not associated with diferences in overall survival. Acquired aneuploidy was frequently detected in recurrent gliomas and was characterized by IDH mutation but without co-deletion of chromosome arms 1p/19q, and further converged with acquired alterations in the cell cycle and poor outcomes. The clonal architecture of each tumour remained similar over time, but the presence of subclonal selection was associated with decreased survival. Finally, there were no differences in the levels of immunoediting between initial and recurrent gliomas. Collectively, our results suggest that the strongest selective pressures occur during early glioma development and that current therapies shape this evolution in a largely stochastic manner