132 research outputs found
Self vs. Organizational Employment: The Neglected Case of Positive Spillover
Self-employment is presented as enabling people to better balance their work and family roles but research on its effectiveness is equivocal. We collected survey data from 280 self- and organizationally-employed certified public accountants and conducted a multivariate analysis comparing positive spillover and conflict between the two groups.The self-employed reported less work-to-family conflict with no differences with respect to family-to-work conflict or positive spillovers. However, there were different patterns between male and female subsamples: self-employed males experienced less conflict and more positive spillover than male employees, whereas self-employed females had less of one form of conflict but more of the other
McGregor\u27s Theory X/Y and Job Performance: A Multilevel, Multi-source Analysis
McGregor\u27s Theory X/Y (1957; 1960/1985; 1966; 1967), one of the most famous theories of motivation and leadership, has had a profound effect on managerial thinking over the past fifty years. Yet the effect of X/Y attitudes on job performance has never been empirically demonstrated. The present research investigates whether X/Y attitudes and X/Y behaviors-examined as two distinct constructs-are related to job performance. Further, the present research uses a multilevel, multi-source design to examine via hierarchical linear modeling the performance effects of McGregor\u27s (1957; 1960/1985; 1966; 1967) theorizing about managerial assumptions (and behaviors) at both individual and workgroup levels. As predicted, managerial X/Y behaviors fully mediated the relationship between managerial X/Y attitudes and job performance at both the individual and group level. Whereas the three prior X/Y performance-related studies found non-significant relationships between X/Y attitudes and performance (correlations of r = -0.01, r = -0.07, and r = -0.08), the present research found support for the model of X/Y attitudes, X/Y behaviors, and performance with group level coefficients as high as (y = 0.54). Limitations, practical implications, and suggestions for future research are provided
Organ donation in the United States
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72348/1/j.1600-6143.3.s4.4.x.pd
âEveryday borderingâ in England, Sweden and Bulgaria: Social work decision-making processes when working with migrant family members
The global movement of people is a growing feature of contemporary life, and it is essential that professionals providing support services know how to best engage with migrant families. However, despite globalisation and the related processes of de-bordering, borders continue to remain significant and, in contemporary life, the ways in which immigration is controlled and surveilledâbureaucratically and symbolicallyâare multiple. The paper draws on data gathered in the immediate period following the so called 2015 European âmigration crisisâ and examines whether and in what ways social workers in three European countriesâBulgaria, Sweden and Englandâenact bordering in their work with migrant family members. We apply the concept of âeveryday borderingâ to the data set: whilst borders are traditionally physical and at the boundary between nation states, bordering practices increasingly permeate everyday life in bureaucratic and symbolic forms. Overall, the data show that everyday bordering affects social work practice in three ways: by social workers being required to engage in bordering as an everyday practice; by producing conditions that require social workers to negotiate borders; and in revealing aspects of symbolic everyday bordering. Our analyses shows that âeveryday borderingâ practices are present in social work decision-making processes in each country, but the forms they take vary across contexts. Analysis also indicates that, in each country, social workers recognise the ways in which immigration control can impact on the families with whom they work but that they can also inadvertently contribute to the âotheringâ of migrant populations
Entrepreneursâ mental health and well-being:A review and research agenda
Interest in entrepreneursâ mental health and well-being (MWB) is growing in recognition of the role of MWB in entrepreneursâ decision making, motivation, and action. Yet relevant knowledge is dispersed across disciplines, which makes what we currently understand about entrepreneursâ MWB unclear. In this systematic review I integrate insights from 144 empirical studies. These studies show that research is focused on three research questions: (1) Do different types of entrepreneurs differ in their MWB? What are the (2) antecedents and (3) consequences of entrepreneursâ MWB? The review systematizes evidence on known antecedents and consequences of entrepreneursâ MWB but also reveals overlooked and undertheorized sources and outcomes of entrepreneursâ MWB. The review provides a mapping and framework that advance research on entrepreneursâ MWB and help to position entrepreneursâ MWB more centrally in management and entrepreneurship research. It calls for researchers to go beyond applying models developed for employees to understand entrepreneurs. Instead, the findings point the way to developing a dedicated theory of entrepreneurial work and MWB that is dynamic, socialized, and open to considering context and acknowledges variability and fluidity across entrepreneursâ life domains, as well as the centrality of work for entrepreneursâ identity
Stress Processes: An Essential Ingredient in the Entrepreneurial Process
The entrepreneurial process is associated with high uncertainty. Uncertainty is also a major source of stress. Therefore, a core aim of entrepreneurs is to reduce uncertainty to an extent that allows the entrepreneurial process to unfold. However, entrepreneurship scholars have
insufficiently addressed stress processes that may be associated with this uncertainty. We argue that uncertainty is the concept connecting both the entrepreneurial and stress processes. We discuss the link between the two processes regarding: (1) opportunity recognition, (2)
opportunity exploitation, and (3) associated outcomes. We then illustrate how future research should incorporate the interaction between the two processes using a morphological box and discuss how such research would change the way we specify entrepreneurial process models and study entrepreneurial behavior
Leveraging the macro-level environment to balance work and life: an analysis of female entrepreneurs' job satisfaction
This study investigates the interactive effect of female entrepreneursâ experience of workâlife imbalance and gender-egalitarian macro-level conditions on their job satisfaction, with the prediction that the negative linear relationship between workâlife imbalance and job satisfaction may be buffered by the presence of women-friendly action resources, emancipative values, and civic entitlements. Data pertaining to 7,392 female entrepreneurs from 44 countries offer empirical support for these predictions. Female entrepreneurs who are preoccupied with their ability to fulfill both work and life responsibilities are more likely to maintain a certain level of job satisfaction, even if they experience significant workâlife imbalances, to the extent that they operate in supportive macro-level environments
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