Updated list of species and commodity grouping / Liste actualisée des espèces et de leurs groupes d'usage

The 8,681 species covered in this bilingual book constitute a checklist of plant resources in tropical Africa. The first part lists the species by scientific name, family and primary use (based on the commodity group to which the species has been assigned). The second part arranges the species according to commodity group, family and secondary uses. This edition replaces PROTA’s Basic list of species, published in 2002. Avec le recensement de 8 681 espèces, cet ouvrage dresse un véritable inventaire des ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale. Alors que la première partie propose un ordonnancement des espèces par nom scientifique, nom de famille et usage primaire (en fonction du groupe d’usage auquel l’espèce a été affectée), la deuxième partie présente un classement par groupe d’usage, par famille et par usage secondaire. Cette édition remplace la Liste de base des espèces de PROTA publiée en 2002

Plantes africaines prometteuses

Préparé à l’occasion du 10e anniversaire de PROTA, cet ouvrage rassemble 25 espèces végétales considérées comme prometteuses en termes de valorisation et de débouchés commerciaux. Le potentiel de trois de ces espèces (la roselle, le sorgho et le caya blanc) a été déterminé lors de projets pilotes réalisés en collaboration avec des organisations de terrain. Le livre témoigne de la nécessité de mener des études analogues sur d’autres espèces

Promising African plants

Prepared in celebration of the 10th anniversary of PROTA, this book presents 25 promising plant species in terms of product development and market opportunities. The potential of three of these species – roselle, sorghum and spiderplant – has been studied in pilot projects in collaboration with grass roots organisations. The book promotes the need to conduct similar studies of the other 22 identified species

Heat Treatment of Expressed Breast Milk Is a Feasible Option for Feeding HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Children after 6 Months of Age in Rural Zimbabwe12

In the context of a prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV program promoting exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) to 6 mo and offering HIV-PCR testing at ∼6 mo, we ascertained the feasibility of expressing and heat-treating (EHT) all breast milk fed to HIV-exposed, uninfected infants following 6 mo of EBF. Twenty mother-baby pairs were enrolled from a hospital in rural Zimbabwe. Research nurses provided lactation, EHT, and complementary feeding counseling through 21 home visits conducted over an 8-wk period and collected quantitative and qualitative data on the mothers' EHT experiences, children's diets, and anthropometric measurements. Mothers kept daily logs of EHT volumes and direct breast-feeding episodes. Mothers successfully initiated and sustained EHT for 4.5 mo (range, 1–11 mo), feeding 426 ± 227 mL/d (mean ± SD). By wk 2 of follow-up, children were receiving EHT and Nutributter-enriched complementary foods that satisfied 100% of their energy requirements. During the 8-wk follow-up period, no growth faltering was experienced [changes in weight-for-age, weight-for-length, and length-for-age Z scores = +0.03 ± 0.50; +0.77 ± 1.59; and +0.02 ± 0.85 (mean ± SD), respectively]. Stigma was not a major deterrent, likely due to a social marketing campaign for EBF that promoted EHT as a practice to sustain breast-feeding for all women. This study provides evidence that resource-poor rural women can initiate and sustain EHT given family and health systems support. EHT provides a strategy for improving the diets of HIV-exposed but uninfected children after direct breast-feeding has ceased

Incidence and risk factors for liver enzyme elevation among naive HIV-1-infected patients receiving ART in the ICONA cohort

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors for liver enzyme elevations (LEE) in patients initiating first-line ART in the ICONA prospective observational cohort, between June 2009 and December 2017. Patients and methods: In total, 6575 ART-naive patients were selected, initiating two NRTIs with the third drug being a boosted PI (n=2436; 37.0%), an NNRTI (n=2384; 36.3%) or an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) (n=1755; 26.7%). HBV surface antigen and HCV RNA were detected in 3.9% and 5.8% of the study population. Inverse probability weighted Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the HRs, according to first-line regimen, for LEE, defined as ALT or AST increases of ≥2.5× upper limit of normal (ULN) for patients with normal baseline values or ≥2.5× baseline for patients with higher baseline values. Results: One hundred and eighty-three LEE occurred over 20722 patient-years of follow-up. After adjusting for the main confounders, the risk of LEE halved with INSTIs compared with NNRTIs (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25-0.86), with a significant reduction in the raltegravir group (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02-0.84 using the NNRTI class as reference). HRs for LEE were significantly higher in subjects with HBV or HCV coinfection, in patients with poorly controlled HIV infection and in those who acquired HIV through homosexual transmission. Conclusions: In our study, INSTI use almost halved the risk of LEE compared with other regimens. This finding could be particularly important for choosing ART in patients with risk factors for liver toxicity such as HCV and HBV coinfections

HBcAb Positivity Increases the Risk of Severe Hepatic Fibrosis Development in HIV/HCV-Positive Subjects From the ICONA Italian Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of anti-HBc (HBcAb) positivity on the progression of liver fibrosis (Fibrosis-4 score >3.25) in the Italian cohort of HIV-infected individuals na\uefve to antiretroviral treatment (ICONA)