Efeito de doses de nitrogênio em cobertura em variáveis biométricas e de produção em híbridos de milho.

Resumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar a adubação nitrogenada em cobertura em variáveis biométricas e de produção de diferentes híbridos de milho, conduziu-se ensaio em condições de campo em Jaboticabal, SP. Antes da instalação do experimento foi realizada amostragem de solo na camada 0-20 cm para verificação da fertilidade do solo e ainda realizou-se a adubação de semeadura, que consistiu em 300 kg ha-1 do formulado 4-20-20. Os tratamentos foram dois genótipos híbridos simples, AS1522 e AS1596 submetidos a quatro níveis de N em cobertura: zero, metade da padrão, padrão e duas vezes a padrão. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A semeadura foi realizada manualmente, e quando as plantas atingiram estágio de maturidade fisiológica foram avaliadas as variáveis altura, diâmetro do colmo, produção de grãos, número de grãos por espiga e número de fileiras de grãos por espiga. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o teste F e, quando significativos foi realizado teste de comparação de médias. Há diferença entre os híbridos de milho em função das doses de nitrogênio aplicadas em cobertura para produção de grãos e eficiência agronômica. O material AS1596 apresentou superioridade na produção de grãos e eficiência agronômica em relação ao genótipo AS1522. [Effect of nitrogen topdressing levels on biometric variables and on production of corn hybrids]. Abstract: Aiming to evaluate the nitrogen topdressing on biometric variables and production of different corn hybrids, an experiment was conducted under field conditions in Jaboticabal, SP. Before carrying out the experiment, soil sampling in the layer 0-20 cm was performed for soil fertility verification, also it was performed the sowing fertilization, which consisted of the 300 kg ha-1 formulated 4-20-20. The treatments consisted of two simple hybrid genotypes, AS1522 and AS1596, subjected to four nitrogen level: zero, half the standard, standard and twice the standard. The experimental was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The sowing was done manually, and when the plants reached stage of physiological maturity, parameters such as height, stem geometry, grain yield, number of grains per spike and number of grain rows per ear were evaluated. The data were analyzed through the F test, and when significant, it was carried out an average comparison. There is difference between the hybrids on the basis of nitrogen topdressing for grain yield and agronomic efficiency. The material AS1596 showed superiority in grain yield and agronomic efficiency in relation to genotype AS1522

Freqüência de trichomoníase vaginal em gestantes atendidas na Maternidade-Escola Ana Nery, Manaus - Amazonas

The occurrency of vaginal trichomoniasis was investigated in pregnant women in the city of Manaus. Amazonas during de second semester of 1977. 313 women were randomly chosen to participate in the study. From the clientela of the prenatal, clinic of the main State Maternity Home. Freshly collected specimens of vaginal cavity were examined directly. 63.9% of the women were shown to be infected with trichomonas. It was also shown that the majority of pregnant mothers sought medical advice in the seventh month of pregnancy, infections were most frequent in mothers in the second pregnancy. The results are discussed and compared with other studies, both national and international.É estudada a incidência da trichomoníase vaginal em gestantes na cidade de Manaus. Das pacientes que deram entrada no serviço de pré-natal da Maternidade-Escola "Ana Nery" durante o segundo semestre de 1977, 313 foram escolhidas ao acaso para participarem do estudo. Realizou-se o exame a fresco direto do material coletado da cavidade vaginal, por um swab esterilizado. Em 63.9% das pacientes o protozoário estava presente no material examinado. Verificou-se que o maior número de gestantes procurou os serviços médicos no sétimo mês de gestação e o maior número de infectadas estava na segunda gravidez. Os resultados obtidos são comparados com aqueles citados por outros autores nacionais e estrangeiros

Covalent PARylation of DNA base excision repair proteins regulates DNA demethylation.

The intracellular ATP-ribosyltransferases PARP1 and PARP2, contribute to DNA base excision repair (BER) and DNA demethylation and have been implicated in epigenetic programming in early mammalian development. Recently, proteomic analyses identified BER proteins to be covalently poly-ADP-ribosylated by PARPs. The role of this posttranslational modification in the BER process is unknown. Here, we show that PARP1 senses AP-sites and SSBs generated during TET-TDG mediated active DNA demethylation and covalently attaches PAR to each BER protein engaged. Covalent PARylation dissociates BER proteins from DNA, which accelerates the completion of the repair process. Consistently, inhibition of PARylation in mESC resulted both in reduced locus-specific TET-TDG-targeted DNA demethylation, and in reduced general repair of random DNA damage. Our findings establish a critical function of covalent protein PARylation in coordinating molecular processes associated with dynamic DNA methylation

Thinking like a man? The cultures of science

Culture includes science and science includes culture, but conflicts between the two traditions persist, often seen as clashes between interpretation and knowledge. One way of highlighting this false polarity has been to explore the gendered symbolism of science. Feminism has contributed to science studies and the critical interrogation of knowledge, aware that practical knowledge and scientific understanding have never been synonymous. Persisting notions of an underlying unity to scientific endeavour have often impeded rather than fostered the useful application of knowledge. This has been particularly evident in the recent rise of molecular biology, with its delusory dream of the total conquest of disease. It is equally prominent in evolutionary psychology, with its renewed attempts to depict the fundamental basis of sex differences. Wars over science have continued to intensify over the last decade, even as our knowledge of the political, economic and ideological significance of science funding and research has become ever more apparent

Dinâmica de água no solo em uma área de cultivo com clones de palma forrageira.

Objetivou-se analisar a dinâmica de água no solo de três clones (Miúda, IPA Sertânia e Orelha de Elefante Mexicana) de palma forrageira nas condições climáticas do Semiárido do Médio Pajeú. O monitoramento do conteúdo de água no solo (CAS) foi feito por meio de uma sonda capacitiva. Com os resultados, verificou-se que a magnitude dos valores de CAS foi inferior nas áreas cultivadas com a Miúda e a Orelha de Elefante Mexicana e superior nas áreas cultivadas com a IPA Sertânia, inferindo que os dois primeiros clones podem apresentar maior demanda de água quando comparado ao último clone, podendo estes resultados estarem associados a características inerentes ao índice de área de cladódio e aos seus respectivos gêneros, logo que a Miúda e IPA Sertânia são pertencentes ao gênero Nopalea sp. e a Orelha de Elefante Mexicana ao gênero Opuntia sp

As redes sociais na internet e suas apropriações por jovens brasileiros e portugueses em idade escolar

O fenômeno das redes sociais on-line é marcante na atual fase da internet 2.0, tendo crescido vertiginosamente, a partir do ano 2005, com a adesão majoritária de jovens, que as acessam por computadores fixos e móveis, em plataformas dos mais variados tipos. Por meio delas, trocam mensagens e compartilham conteúdos os mais diversos. Diante desse cenário, com base em duas pesquisas convergentes, pretende-se discutir os usos e as apropriações das redes sociais on-line por jovens alunos do ensino fundamental e médio e destacar os pontos mais pertinentes da atual fase da internet nos contextos pessoal, familiar e escolar. Foram aplicados questionários, inspirados em modelo de pesquisa elaborado na Itália, a 404 alunos brasileiros de oito escolas no Rio de Janeiro e a 549 alunos portugueses de 11 escolas na região portuguesa de Castelo Branco. Com essa rica empiria, verificou-se em que pontos os jovens se aproximam dos ideais de uma nova subjetividade (o leitor imerso nas novas mídias) e de um jovem naturalmente afeito aos suportes digitais (o nativo digital).The phenomenon of online social networks has been remarkable in the current phase of internet 2.0 and has grown rapidly from the year 2005, with the majority membership of young people, who access the social networks from desktops and mobile platforms of all kinds. Using these platforms, they exchange messages and share various contents. Given this scenario, based on two converging researches, this paper discusses the uses and appropriations of online social networks by students of elementary school and high school. Also, it highlights the most relevant points in the current phase of the internet in relation to personal, family and school contexts. Inspired by a research model developed in Italy, 404 questionnaires were applied to Brazilian students from eight schools in Rio de Janeiro and 549 Portuguese students from 11 schools in the Portuguese region of Castelo Branco. With this comprehensive database, we could verify at which points the youth approaches the ideals of a new subjectivity (the reader immersed in new medias) and a youngster naturally used to digital media (the digital native).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A video guide of five access methods to the splenic flexure: the concept of the splenic flexure box

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe all the possible approaches for laparoscopic splenic flexure mobilization (SFM), each suitable for specific situations, and create an illustrated system to show SFM approaches in an easy and practical way to make it easy to learn and teach. Methods: Two different phases. First part: Cadaver-based study of the colonic splenic flexure anatomy. In order to demonstrate the different approaches, a balloon was placed through the colonic hepatic flexure in the lesser sac without sectioning any of the fixing ligaments of the splenic flexure. Second part: A real case series of laparoscopic SFM. Results: First part: 11 cadavers were dissected. Five potential approaches to SFM were found: anterior, trans-omentum, lateral, medial infra-mesocolic, and medial trans-mesocolic. The illustrative system developed was named: Splenic Flexure “Box”(SFBox). Second part: One of the types of SFM described in first part was used in five patients with colorectal cancer. Each laparoscopic approach to the splenic flexure was illustrated in a video accompanied by illustration aids delineating the access. Conclusion: With the cadaver dissection and subsequent demonstration in real-life laparoscopic surgery, we have shown five types of laparoscopic splenic flexure mobilization. The Splenic Flexure “Box” is a useful way to learn and teach this surgical maneuver

Detection, molecular characterisation and aspects involving the transmission of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in eggplant

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Gramazio P, Lerma MD, Villanueva G, et al. Detection, molecular characterisation and aspects involving the transmission of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in eggplant. Ann Appl Biol. 2019;175:172 183. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12527, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12527. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd) is a pospiviroid that causes severe disease symptoms in tomato. TCDVd is also naturally found in other crops and plants, in most occasions being asymptomatic. Apart from the natural hosts reported up to now, artificial inoculations have revealed that TCDVd can infect other plants, including eggplant (Solanum melongena). In a screening of seedlings of eggplant from a breeding programme we detected a pospiviroid, which we identified as TCDVd, representing the first report of natural infection of eggplant by TCDVd. The new TCDVd isolate of eggplant was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT¿PCR) using primers TG21/CT20, initially designed to detect potato spindle tuber viroid. The new isolate sequence is close to a Brugmansia sanguinea isolate of TCDVd from the Netherlands, and most of the nucleotidic changes with respect to this isolate and to the reference genome sequence of TCDVd are found in the TR region. Naturally infected plants of eggplant with this TCDVd isolate did not display any disease symptoms. We demonstrated that in eggplant TCDVd is mechanically transmitted with low to moderate efficiency with cultivation practices, but not by plant¿to¿plant contact. Tomato plants artificially inoculated with the eggplant isolate of TCDVd tested positive for the presence of the viroid at 50¿days after inoculation, but did not display any disease symptoms. Seed transmission to germinated seedlings of eggplant was variable among progenies from infected plants, ranging from 7.7% to 100.0%. Disinfection of seeds with chemical treatments with sodium hypochlorite and trisodium phosphate solutions plus thermotherapy at 80°C for 24¿hr or 90°C for 6 hr was ineffective in reducing the rate of transmission by seed. We did not find evidence of horizontal transmission of TCDVd by pollen, but vertical transmission was highly efficient when healthy eggplant plants were pollinated with infected pollen. Our results indicate that asymptomatic infection of eggplant by TCDVd and high seed and pollen transmission rates may contribute to the spread of this viroid. The information we obtained is useful in order to implement measures for the prevention, control and eradication of TCDVd in eggplant crops, as well as to avoid their transmission to other hosts.P.G. is grateful to Universitat Politècnica de València and to Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for their respective postdoctoral grants (PAID-10-18 and FY2019 JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research in Japan [Standard]). A.A. and D.A. are grateful to Universitat Politècnica de València for their respective predoctoral (PAID-01-18 and PAID-01-16) contracts within the Programa de Ayudas de Investigación y Desarrollo initiative. E.G.-F. is grateful to Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte para la Formación de Profesorado Universitario for a predoctoral grant (FPU17/02389). G.M. is grateful to Generalitat Valenciana for a predoctoral grant within the Santiago Grisolía programme (GRISOLIAP/2016/012). M.P. is grateful to Generalitat Valenciana and Fondo Social Europeo for a postdoctoral grant (APOSTD/2018/014).Gramazio, P.; Lerma Lerma, MD.; Villanueva-Párraga, G.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; García-Fortea, E.; Mangino, G.; Figás-Moreno, MDR.... (2019). Detection, molecular characterisation and aspects involving the transmission of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in eggplant. Annals of Applied Biology. 175(2):172-183. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12527S1721831752Bakker, D., Bruinsma, M., Dekter, R. W., Toonen, M. A. J., Verhoeven, J. T. J., & Koenraadt, H. M. S. (2015). Detection of PSTVd and TCDVd in seeds of tomato using real-time RT-PCR. EPPO Bulletin, 45(1), 14-21. doi:10.1111/epp.12195Barba, M., & James, D. (2017). Quarantine and Certification for Viroids and Viroid Diseases. Viroids and Satellites, 415-424. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00039-5Broadbent, L. (1976). Epidemiology and Control of Tomato Mosaic Virus. 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First Report of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in Greenhouse Tomatoes in Arizona. Plant Disease, 93(10), 1075-1075. doi:10.1094/pdis-93-10-1075bLing, K.-S., & Zhang, W. (2009). First Report of a Natural Infection by Mexican Papita Viroid and Tomato Chlorotic Dwarf Viroid on Greenhouse Tomatoes in Mexico. Plant Disease, 93(11), 1216-1216. doi:10.1094/pdis-93-11-1216aMackie, A. E., Coutts, B. A., Barbetti, M. J., Rodoni, B. C., McKirdy, S. J., & Jones, R. A. C. (2015). Potato spindle tuber viroid: Stability on Common Surfaces and Inactivation With Disinfectants. Plant Disease, 99(6), 770-775. doi:10.1094/pdis-09-14-0929-reMatsushita, Y., Kanda, A., Usugi, T., & Tsuda, S. (2008). First report of a Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid disease on tomato plants in Japan. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 74(2), 182-184. doi:10.1007/s10327-008-0076-6Matsushita, Y., & Tsuda, S. (2014). Host ranges of Potato spindle tuber viroid, Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid, Tomato apical stunt viroid, and Columnea latent viroid in horticultural plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 141(1), 193-197. doi:10.1007/s10658-014-0518-2Matsushita, Y., & Tsuda, S. (2016). Seed transmission of potato spindle tuber viroid, tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid, tomato apical stunt viroid, and Columnea latent viroid in horticultural plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 145(4), 1007-1011. doi:10.1007/s10658-016-0868-zMatsushita, Y., Usugi, T., & Tsuda, S. (2009). Host range and properties of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 124(2), 349-352. doi:10.1007/s10658-008-9416-9Matsushita, Y., Usugi, T., & Tsuda, S. (2011). Distribution of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in floral organs of tomato. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 130(4), 441-447. doi:10.1007/s10658-011-9766-6Matsuura, S., Matsushita, Y., Kozuka, R., Shimizu, S., & Tsuda, S. (2009). Transmission of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid by bumblebees (Bombus ignitus) in tomato plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 126(1), 111-115. doi:10.1007/s10658-009-9515-2Matsuura, S., Matsushita, Y., Usugi, T., & Tsuda, S. (2010). Disinfection of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid by chemical and biological agents. Crop Protection, 29(10), 1157-1161. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2010.05.018Minoia, S., Navarro, B., Delgado, S., Serio, F. D., & Flores, R. (2015). Viroid RNA turnover: characterization of the subgenomic RNAs of potato spindle tuber viroid accumulating in infected tissues provides insights into decay pathways operating in vivo. Nucleic Acids Research, 43(4), 2313-2325. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv034Nie, X. (2012). Analysis of Sequence Polymorphism and Population Structure of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid and Potato spindle tuber viroid in Viroid-Infected Tomato Plants. Viruses, 4(6), 940-953. doi:10.3390/v4060940Palukaitis, P. (1987). 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Detection of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in the Pollen and Various Parts of Potato Plant Pollinated with Viroid-Infected Pollen. Plant Disease, 76(9), 951. doi:10.1094/pd-76-0951Singh, R. P., Nie, X., & Singh, M. (1999). Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid: an evolutionary link in the origin of pospiviroids The GenBank accession number of the sequence reported in this paper is AF162131. Journal of General Virology, 80(11), 2823-2828. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-80-11-2823Singh, R. P., & Dilworth, A. D. (2008). Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in the ornamental plant Vinca minor and its transmission through tomato seed. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 123(1), 111-116. doi:10.1007/s10658-008-9344-8Singh, R. P., Dilworth, A. D., Ao, X., Singh, M., & Misra, S. (2009). Molecular and biological characterization of a severe isolate of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid containing a novel terminal right (TR) domain sequence. 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Natural infections of tomato by Citrus exocortis viroid, Columnea latent viroid, Potato spindle tuber viroid and Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 110(8), 823-831. doi:10.1007/s10658-004-2493-5Võ, T. T., Dehne, H.-W., & Hamacher, J. (2018). Transmission of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid by Myzus persicae assisted by Potato leafroll virus. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 125(3), 259-266. doi:10.1007/s41348-018-0151-yWassenegger, M., Spieker, R. L., Thalmeir, S., Gast, F.-U., Riedel, L., & Sänger, H. L. (1996). A Single Nucleotide Substitution Converts Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVd) from a Noninfectious to an Infectious RNA for Nicotiana tabacum. Virology, 226(2), 191-197. doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0646Yanagisawa, H., & Matsushita, Y. (2018). Differences in dynamics of horizontal transmission of Tomato planta macho viroid and Potato spindle tuber viroid after pollination with viroid-infected pollen. Virology, 516, 258-264. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.023Yanagisawa, H., Sano, T., Hase, S., & Matsushita, Y. (2019). Influence of the terminal left domain on horizontal and vertical transmissions of tomato planta macho viroid and potato spindle tuber viroid through pollen. Virology, 526, 22-31. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.02