190 research outputs found
Recent Progress at SLAC Extracting High Charge from Highly-Polarized Photocathodes for Future-Collider Applications
Future colliders such as NLC and JLC will require a highly-polarized
macropulse with charge that is more than an order of magnitude beyond that
which could be produced for the SLC. The maximum charge from the SLC
uniformly-doped GaAs photocathode was limited by the surface charge limit
(SCL). The SCL effect can be overcome by using an extremely high (>1019 cm-3)
surface dopant concentration. When combined with a medium dopant concentration
in the majority of the active layer (to avoid depolarization), the surface
concentration has been found to degrade during normal heat cleaning (1 hour at
600 C). The Be dopant as typically used in an MBE-grown superlattice cathode is
especially susceptible to this effect compared to Zn or C dopant. Some relief
can be found by lowering the cleaning temperature, but the long-term general
solution appears to be atomic hydrogen cleaning.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, contributed to 10th Workshop on
Polarized Sources and Targets, Novosibirsk, Sept. 22-26, 2003, to be
submitted to Nucl. Instrum. and Meth.
Factors Influencing the Participation of Older People in Clinical Trials : Data Analysis from the MAVIS Trial
Peer reviewedPostprin
Integrated chronological control on an archaeologically significant Pleistocene river terrace sequence: the Thames-Medway, eastern Essex, England
Late Middle Pleistocene Thames-Medway deposits in eastern Essex comprise both large expanses of Palaeolithic artefact-bearing river sands/gravels and deep channels infilled with thick sequences of fossiliferous fine-grained estuarine sediments that yield valuable palaeoenvironmental information. Until recently, chronological control on these deposits was limited to terrace stratigraphy and limited amino-acid racemisation (AAR) determinations. Recent developments in both this and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating make them potentially powerful tools for improving the chronological control on such sequences. This paper reports new AAR analyses and initial OSL dating from the deposits in this region. These results will help with ongoing investigation of patterns of early human settlement.
Using AAR, the attribution by previous workers of the interglacial channel deposits to both MIS 11 (Tillingham Clay) and MIS 9 (Rochford and Shoeburyness Clays) is reinforced. Where there are direct stratigraphic relationships between AAR and OSL as with the Cudmore Grove and Rochford Clays and associated gravels, they agree well. Where OSL dating is the only technique available, it seems to replicate well, but must be treated with caution since there are relatively few aliquots. It is suggested on the basis of this initial OSL dating that the gravel deposits date from MIS 8 (Rochford and Cudmore Grove Gravels) and potentially also MIS 6 (Dammer Wick and Barling Gravels). However, the archaeological evidence from the Barling Gravel and the suggested correlations between this sequence and upstream Thames terraces conflict with this latter age estimate and suggest that it may need more investigation
Women, lipids, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease:a call to action from the European Atherosclerosis Society
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and men globally, with most due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite progress during the last 30 years, ASCVD mortality is now increasing, with the fastest relative increase in middle-aged women. Missed or delayed diagnosis and undertreatment do not fully explain this burden of disease. Sex-specific factors, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, premature menopause (especially primary ovarian insufficiency), and polycystic ovary syndrome are also relevant, with good evidence that these are associated with greater cardiovascular risk. This position statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society focuses on these factors, as well as sex-specific effects on lipids, including lipoprotein(a), over the life course in women which impact ASCVD risk. Women are also disproportionately impacted (in relative terms) by diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and auto-immune inflammatory disease. All these effects are compounded by sociocultural components related to gender. This panel stresses the need to identify and treat modifiable cardiovascular risk factors earlier in women, especially for those at risk due to sex-specific conditions, to reduce the unacceptably high burden of ASCVD in women
The Weak Charge of the Proton and New Physics
We address the physics implications of a precision determination of the weak
charge of the proton, QWP, from a parity violating elastic electron proton
scattering experiment to be performed at the Jefferson Laboratory. We present
the Standard Model (SM) expression for QWP including one-loop radiative
corrections, and discuss in detail the theoretical uncertainties and missing
higher order QCD corrections. Owing to a fortuitous cancellation, the value of
QWP is suppressed in the SM, making it a unique place to look for physics
beyond the SM. Examples include extra neutral gauge bosons, supersymmetry, and
leptoquarks. We argue that a QWP measurement will provide an important
complement to both high energy collider experiments and other low energy
electroweak measurements. The anticipated experimental precision requires the
knowledge of the order alpha_s corrections to the pure electroweak box
contributions. We compute these contributions for QWP, as well as for the weak
charges of heavy elements as determined from atomic parity violation.Comment: 22 pages of LaTeX, 5 figure
Novel Approach to Confront Electroweak Data and Theory
A novel approach to study electroweak physics at one-loop level in generic
theories is introduced. It separates the 1-loop
corrections into two pieces: process specific ones from vertex and box
contributions, and universal ones from contributions to the gauge boson
propagators. The latter are parametrized in terms of four effective form
factors , , and corresponding to the , , and
propagators. Under the assumption that only the Standard Model contributes to
the process specific corrections, the magnitudes of the four form factors are
determined at and at q^2=\mmz by fitting to all available precision
experiments. These values are then compared systematically with predictions of
theories. In all fits \alpha_s(\mz) and
\bar{\alpha}(\mmz) are treated as external parameters in order to keep the
interpretation as flexible as possible. The treatment of the electroweak data
is presented in detail together with the relevant theoretical formulae used to
interpret the data. No deviation from the Standard Model has been identified.
Ranges of the top quark and Higgs boson masses are derived as functions of
\alpha_s(\mz) and \bar{\alpha}(\mmz). Also discussed are consequences of
the recent precision measurement of the left-right asymmetry at SLC as well as
the impact of a top quark mass and an improved mass measurement.Comment: 123 pages, LaTeX (33 figures available via anonymous ftp),
KEK-TH-375, KEK preprint 93-159, KANAZAWA-94-19, DESY 94-002, YUMS 94-22,
SNUTP 94-82, to be published in Z.Phys.
Study of the B^0 Semileptonic Decay Spectrum at the Upsilon(4S) Resonance
We have made a first measurement of the lepton momentum spectrum in a sample
of events enriched in neutral B's through a partial reconstruction of B0 -->
D*- l+ nu. This spectrum, measured with 2.38 fb**-1 of data collected at the
Upsilon(4S) resonance by the CLEO II detector, is compared directly to the
inclusive lepton spectrum from all Upsilon(4S) events in the same data set.
These two spectra are consistent with having the same shape above 1.5 GeV/c.
From the two spectra and two other CLEO measurements, we obtain the B0 and B+
semileptonic branching fractions, b0 and b+, their ratio, and the production
ratio f+-/f00 of B+ and B0 pairs at the Upsilon(4S). We report b+/b0=0.950
(+0.117-0.080) +- 0.091, b0 = (10.78 +- 0.60 +- 0.69)%, and b+ = (10.25 +- 0.57
+- 0.65)%. b+/b0 is equivalent to the ratio of charged to neutral B lifetimes,
tau+/tau0.Comment: 14 page, postscript file also available at
http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN
Observation of the Charmed Baryon Decays to , , and
We have observed two new decay modes of the charmed baryon into
and using data collected with the
CLEO II detector. We also present the first measurement of the branching
fraction for the previously observed decay mode . The branching fractions for these three modes relative to
are measured to be , , and , respectively.Comment: 12 page uuencoded postscript file, postscript file also available
through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN
- …