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A Case of Late-Onset Gemcitabine Lung Toxicity

Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of a number of malignancies. Although its major dose-limiting side effect is myelosuppression, many pulmonary toxicities have been described with its use. Severe pulmonary toxicity is rare, but symptoms tend to be rapid in onset and potentially deadly. The average time from initiation of chemotherapy to onset of symptoms is less than two months. The most effective therapy is steroid administration, the efficacy of which has been variable. In this report, we describe a unique case of gemcitabine pulmonary toxicity in a patient who did not experience symptoms of pulmonary dysfunction until after 1 year of treatment. Her symptoms did not improve rapidly with steroids, nor did she rapidly decompensate as has been frequently described. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reported descriptions of late-onset gemcitabine lung toxicity

Three-dimensional coronal slow modes: toward three-dimensional seismology

On 2008 January 10, the twin Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) A and B spacecraft conducted a high time cadence study of the solar corona with the Extreme UltraViolet Imager (EUVI) instruments with the aim of investigating coronal dynamics. Observations of the three-dimensional propagation of waves within active region coronal loops and a measurement of the true coronal slow mode speed are obtained. Intensity oscillations with a period of approximately 12 minutes are observed to propagate outwards from the base of a loop system, consistent with the slow magnetoacoustic mode. A novel analysis technique is applied to measure the wave phase velocity in the observations of the A and B spacecraft. These stereoscopic observations are used to infer the three-dimensional velocity vector of the wave propagation, with an inclination of 37 +- 6 deg to the local normal and a magnitude of 132 +- 9 and 132 +- 11 km s-1, giving the first measurement of the true coronal longitudinal slow mode speed, and an inferred temperature of 0.84 +- 12 MK and 0.84 +- 15 MK

What's the point of knowing how?

Why is it useful to talk and think about knowledge-how? Using Edward Craig’s discussion of the function of the concepts of knowledge and knowledge-how as a jumping off point, this paper argues that considering this question can offer us new angles on the debate about knowledge-how. We consider two candidate functions for the concept of knowledge-how: pooling capacities, and mutual reliance. Craig makes the case for pooling capacities, which connects knowledge-how to our need to pool practical capacities. I argue that the evidence is much more equivocal. My suggested diagnosis is that the concept of knowledge-how plays both functions, meaning that the concept of knowledge-how is inconsistent, and that the debate about knowledge-how is at least partly a metalinguistic negotiation. In closing, I suggest a way to revise the philosophical concept of knowledge how

The relationship of preterm infant-mother attachment to stranger sociability at 3 years

This study tested the relationship between preterm infant-mother attachment patterns and sociability of 3-year-old children with an unfamiliar female adult. The subjects in the study (N=48) were part of a longitudinal investigation of the developmental sequelae of high-risk preterm birth. Results supported the study's major hypotheses that 3-year-olds' behaviors and affective states vary in accordance with the degree of a stranger's intrusiveness, and that security of attachment is related to stranger sociability. However, by age 3, the preterm risk status of these children was not strongly associated with differences in patterns of stranger sociability, nor were there reliable sociability differences between children with anxious-avoidant ("A") or anxious-resistant ("C") attachment relationships. In short, this study showed that patterns of children's behavior in the presence of a stranger were associated with their security of attachment as measured in the second year of life. Moreover, it was the quality of attachment--not early risk status--that reliably predicted sociability with a stranger.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27470/1/0000511.pd

Blame the shepherd not the sheep: Imitating higher-ranking transgressors mitigates punishment for unethical behavior

Do bad role models exonerate others’ unethical behavior? Based on social learning theory and psychological theories of blame, we predicted that unethical behavior by higher-ranking individuals changes how people respond to lower-ranking individuals who subsequently commit the same transgression. Five studies explored when and why this rank-dependent imitation effect occurs. Across all five studies, we found that people were less punitive when low-ranking transgressors imitated high-ranking members of their organization. However, imitation only reduced punishment when the two transgressors were from the same organization (Study 2), when the transgressions were highly similar (Study 3), and when it was unclear whether the initial transgressor was punished (Study 5). Results also indicated that imitation affects punishment because it influences whom people blame for the transgression. These findings reveal actor-observer differences in social learning and identify a way that unethical behavior spreads through organizations

CARMA Large Area Star Formation Survey: Observational Analysis of Filaments in the Serpens South Molecular Cloud

We present the N2H+(J=1-0) map of the Serpens South molecular cloud obtained as part of the CARMA Large Area Star Formation Survey (CLASSy). The observations cover 250 square arcminutes and fully sample structures from 3000 AU to 3 pc with a velocity resolution of 0.16 km/s, and they can be used to constrain the origin and evolution of molecular cloud filaments. The spatial distribution of the N2H+ emission is characterized by long filaments that resemble those observed in the dust continuum emission by Herschel. However, the gas filaments are typically narrower such that, in some cases, two or three quasi-parallel N2H+ filaments comprise a single observed dust continuum filament. The difference between the dust and gas filament widths casts doubt on Herschel ability to resolve the Serpens South filaments. Some molecular filaments show velocity gradients along their major axis, and two are characterized by a steep velocity gradient in the direction perpendicular to the filament axis. The observed velocity gradient along one of these filaments was previously postulated as evidence for mass infall toward the central cluster, but these kind of gradients can be interpreted as projection of large-scale turbulence.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, published in ApJL (July 2014

Affective expression among preterm infants of varying levels of biological risk

This investigation examines the association between risk status and the quality of emotional arousal and regulation among preterm infants in the second year of life. The behavior of 55 preterm infants stratified into three risk groups by severity and chronicity of respiratory illness was recorded during the procedures of the Strange Situation. Measures of emotional responsiveness included temporal and intensity features of facial and vocal expressions as well as concurrent activity with toys. Significant relationships between neonatal risk status and these expressive and regulatory features were observed. Infants in the High-Risk group (N = 16) differed from healthy Low-Risk infants (N = 23) and from those in the Moderate-Risk group (N = 16). The High-Risk infants showed a greater sensitivity to distress arousal at low levels of stress and less ability to modulate distress once aroused. High-Risk infants also demonstrated significantly less adaptive play with toys than the other preterm infants. In short, this study suggests that, when placed under stress, High-Risk preterm infants in their second year of life become more distressed and demonstrate less ability to recover from this distress and effectively re-engage their environment than preterm infants born at lower risk.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26744/1/0000296.pd