Features and design intent in engineering sketches

We investigate the problem of determining design intent from engineering sketches: what did the designer have in mind when sketching a component? Specifically, we consider the unidirectional reverse mapping from form features, as determined from an input sketch, to design features, representing the design intent present in the designer’s mind. We introduce a list of com- mon engineering form features. For each, we list which geometrical cues may be helpful in identifying these features in design sketches, and we list the design features which such form features commonly imply. We show that a reductionist approach which decomposes a diagram into form features can be used to deduce the design intent of the object portrayed in a drawing. We supply experimental results in support of this idea

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems

Stars and planetary system

Reatividade in vitro de lipase submetida a diferentes tratamentos tecnológicos Reactivity in vitro of the lipase submitted to different technological treatments

Analisou-se a atividade enzimática in vitro de uma lipase em diferentes condições de temperatura (simulando o processo de peletização) e pH (acidez gástrica) e na presença de íons minerais e metálicos. Para avaliar a estabilidade térmica, a enzima foi incubada a 80(0)C por quatro tempos (0, 5, 10 e 15 minutos). O efeito do pH foi estudado submetendo-se a enzima a quatro valores de pH (7,3, 2,0, 3,2 e 5,0). Para avaliar o efeito da lipase na presença de íons minerais e metálicos, incubou-se a enzima em diferentes soluções contendo cálcio, cobre, cobalto, manganês e ferro. Frente às diferentes condições, a lipase conservou atividade parcial, mas não pôde ser considerada uma enzima ideal em função do efeito inibidor promovido pelo pH ácido e pelas soluções iônicas testadas.<br>The in vitro catalytic activity of a lipase was assessed in different conditions of temperature (simulating that of pelleted ration manufacturing), pH (gastric acidity), and its stability in the presence of metallic and mineral ions. To assess the thermal stability, the enzyme was incubated for 0, 5, 10 or 15 minutes at 80ºC. The effect of pH was studied by submitting the lipase to pH values of 7.3, 2.0, 3.2 or 5.0. In order to evaluate the catalytic activity in the presence of metallic and mineral ions, the enzyme was incubated in solutions containing calcium, copper, cobalt, manganese and iron. In the above mentioned conditions, the lipase partially preserved its activity, but, could not be considered an ideal enzyme due to its inhibition by the acidic pH and the ionic solutions tested