Diagnóstico do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos no sul do Maranhão

A produção desordenada de resíduos e seu manejo inadequado modificam não somente o meio ambiente, como também os aspectos sociais, tecnológicos e econômicos, o que constitui uma problemática persistente para gestão pública. É esperado que os municípios adotem sistemas de gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos, de modo a minimizar os impactos ambientais negativos, visto que, por meio destes, são feitos diagnósticos da situação atual da gestão, bem como estabelece-se metas para atender aos preceitos estabelecidos pelas legislações ambientais. Neste estudou objetivou-se diagnosticar a situação atual do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos no município de Tasso Fragoso, Sul do Maranhão. Como etapa metodológica realizou-se buscas nos principais documentos e legislações municipais, estaduais e federais vigentes para compreender os dados sobre a geração e as formas de disposição dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) no município. Para a caracterização dos resíduos, foi seguido o método de quarteamento, proposto pela ABNT. Por fim, foi realizada a construção de cenários tendenciais (2021 a 2041) para análise da expansão urbana. O peso específico aparente resultou em 211,16 kg/m3 e a quantidade total de resíduos gerados foi de 3.658,8 kg/dia. Dessa forma, pode-se definir a geração per capita para a população do Município de Tasso Fragoso- MA, sendo igual a 0,719 kg/hab.dia. Adicionalmente, foi observado que a maior fração dos resíduos domiciliares no município é composta de plásticos, correspondendo a 36,07% da amostra, evidenciando a carência de cooperativas de reciclagem ou associação de catadores na região. Assim, percebe-se que existem desafios a longo prazo que devem ser transpostos, tais como, o esforço conjunto para a elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas para o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, que incluem o encerramento do atual lixão municipal, dispondo e destinando, de forma ambientalmente adequada, os diversos tipos de resíduos gerados no município

Quantitative indicators of the reproductive biology of adult specimens of Centropomus undecimalis (Teleost: Centropomidae) obtained from commercial fishermen in the Parnaíba Delta Environmental Protection Area, north coast of Brazil

Centropomus undecimalis (popularly known as common snook) is a very important resource for commercial and recreational fishing. This study aimed to evaluate quantitative indicators of the reproductive biology of C. undecimalis in the Parnaíba Delta Environmental Protection Area (Brazil). The parameters were analyzed at the different stages of the reproductive cycle of 155 specimens, 135 (87.10%) males and 20 (12.90%) females. The results showed positive allometric growth for females and negative allometric growth for males. The sex ratio was 1:6.75 (females: males). The first estimated maturation (L50) was 57.21 cm for females and 54.55 cm for males. The species spawns multiple times, with oocytes maturing in batches, being released at intervals. According to the results of this study, it was possible to notice that reproductive peaks occurred in February, May, and November. Therefore, it is recommended that the capture of this species be avoided during these months

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Integrated analysis of two biomarkers in Sciades herzbergii (Ariidae, Siluriformes), to assess the environmental impact at São Marcos' Bay, Maranhão, Brazil

Guribu catfish (Sciades herzbergii) is a resident species in estuaries of Maranhão, Brazil. The aim of this work was to determine the feasibility of integrated analysis of the branchial lesions and gonadosomatic index of Sciades herzbergii in order to evaluate the effects of pollutants in São Marcos' Bay. The first site (S1) is located near the Ilha dos Caranguejos and was used as a reference area for being an environmental protection area. The second site (S2) is located near the ALUMAR/ALCOA port, and was used as a potentially polluted area. Fish were collected at each site, forty-eight in S1 and forty in S2. Gills were fixed in 10% formalin, and usual histological techniques were used in the first right gill arch, with inclusion in paraffin and sections of 5 µm thickness. There were no histopathological changes in animals captured at the reference site. However, in those catfish collected in the potentially contaminated area it was observed several branchial lesions, such as lifting of the lamellar epithelium, fusion of some secondary lamellae, hypertrophy of epithelial cells and lamellar aneurysm. The analysis using the gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed significant differences, being higher in fish analyzed from the reference area (P < 0.05). The branchial lesions and GSI were sensitive for monitoring environmental impacts of different locations at São Marcos' Bay, Maranhão, Brazil

Histopathological and hematological biomarkers in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) from an environmental protection area of Maranhão, Brazil

This study analyzed histopathological (gill lesions) and hematological (erythrocyte abnormalities) changes in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in order to evaluate the water quality of fish farms in the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of Maracanã, Maranhão, Brazil. Specimens of tambaqui were captured in two areas of EPA: A1) Serena Lagoon, and A2) River Ambude, in two seasonal periods, rainy and dry. For the hematological analyses, slides were made from the blood smear collected from the branchial arch of the fish. In the laboratory, the gills of each specimen were fixed in 10% formalin and maintained in 70% alcohol until the usual histological technique. The branchial changes were more frequent during the dry season in both areas. In the fish collection in A2, the following changes were noted: mucosal cells (78%), lamellar fusion (90%), lamellar disorganization (100%), lamellar narrowing (100%), and epithelial displacement (96%). In the fish collection in A1, the main lesions were: aneurysm (88%), dilation of the capillaries (82%), rupture of the capillaries (60%). In addition, nuclear alterations, such as binucleate cells (BC), cells with an evaginated nucleus (CEN) and cells with a lobulated carved nucleus (CLCN), were observed in the fish from both areas. The frequency of abnormalities was higher in the fish from A2 (74%) when compared to the fish from A1 (26%). In conclusion, we found that these alterations proved to be sensitive biomarkers capable of differentiating water quality and fish health status in the two systems in the Maracanã EPA