Endophytic fungi of Paullinia cupana and its antimicrobial potential.

The objective of this study is to characterize P. cupana endophytic fungi and evaluate their antibiotic potential by agar diffusion test. Fruits and root fragments from 6 individuals were collected and sterilized with 70% ethanol and 2% sodium hypochlorite

Resistante to mercury of endophytic bacteria obtained in contaminated sites.

Strategies for remediation of soils contaminated with mercury (Hg) are important and necessary. Several bacterial species interfere with biogeochemical cycle of mercury and are potential tools in bioremediation and/or phytoremediation programs. These bacteria are resistant to mercury and the main mechanism of resistance is mediated by proteins codificated by operon mer. This study aims to determine the level of resistance to mercury of endophytic bacteria and detect the presence of merA gene

Endophytic bacterium isolated of hosts present in contaminated areas by mercury in Pantanal mato-grossense.

The mercury is a contaminant in gold mining in the city of Poconé. This heavy metal is a toxic in different organisms and affect the human by bioaccumulation process causing a serie of cronic diseases. Mercury can be easily absorbed by plants and be accumulated in the human body through the food chain. The hypothesis is microorganism that is in association with plants, that survive in contaminated areas with mercury, provide greater resistance to contaminant and possibly an increased frequency of colonization. In this way, the aim of this study was to isolate endophytic bacterium that exhibit resistance to mercury

Isolation of endophytic fungi in environments with and without traces of mercury contamination, Pantanal of Mato Grosso.

The mining activity in Mato Grosso is an economic source for many cities, especially in Poconé, where this activity is responsible for significant change in the landscape and the contamination of the ecosystem by mercury. This results in serious damage to biota enhanced by bioaccumulation capacity. Mercury is toxic to all organisms, however, some microorganisms have innate or acquired tolerance to metal. Therefore, our hypothesis is based on the premise that plants in contaminated environments with mercury harbor a specific community of endophytic fungi, therefore, variations in the colonization frequency of the endophytes in these plants are expected, when compared to places without contamination

Capacity resistance of endophytic fungi the mercury.

Contamination of biological systems by mercury represents a global concern, given the difficulty of degradation, persistence and potential toxicity of this metal in the environment. Remediation strategies of soils contaminated with mercury are required and the use of microorganisms as bioremediation agents is fully justified, in particular, the various mechanisms of tolerance to heavy metals allocated to them, particularly for fungi arising from various chemical processes, such as transformation valence, intra and extracellular precipitation and oxidation. Our hypothesis is that endophytic fungi isolated from areas contaminated by mercury present higher resistance to this metal

Antibiosis of actinomycetes from Paullina cupana var. sorbilis (mart.) Ducke against fungi pathogenic.

Guarana (Paullinia cupana var. Sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) is a native species of economic and social importance in Brazil serving the domestic and international demands. This culture is attacked by Colletotrichum guaranicola Albuq. and Fusarium decencellulare Brick, causal agents of anthracnose and overbudding, respectively. Actinomycetes are bacteria that may produce secondary metabolites with antibacterial and antifungal potential. The isolation of endophytic with antibiosis agaist pathogenic fungi is the first step in biological control and bioprospecting antimicrobial compounds programs

Microbiol diversity in rhizosphere resistant and susceptible guarana collected in Maués and Manaus.

The rhizosphere is the soil region subject to influence of exudates released by plants and microorganisms (epiphytic and endophytic). In addition, this region has large variety of bacteria that can contribute to plant growth and/or inhibiting the activity of plant pathogens. The culture of guarana (Paullinia cupana var. Sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) is threatened by the presence of the fungus Colletotrichum guaranicola Albuq. and Fusarium decencellulare Brick, causal agents of anthracnose and overbudding, respectively. In this work, the metabolic diversity of rhizospheric bacteria was studied in resistant (R) and susceptible (S) clones collected in Manaus (Mn) and Maués (Mu)

Enhanced mercury phytoremediation by Pseudomonodictys pantanalensis sp. nov. A73 and Westerdykella aquatica P71.

Mercury is a non-essential and toxic metal that induces toxicity in most organisms, but endophytic fungi can develop survival strategies to tolerate and respond to metal contaminants and other environmental stressors. The present study demonstrated the potential of mercury-resistant endophytic fungi in phytoremediation. We examined the functional traits involved in plant growth promotion, phytotoxicity mitigation, and mercury phytoremediation in seven fungi strains. The endophytic isolates synthesized the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid, secreted siderophores, and solubilized phosphate in vitro. Inoculation of maize (Zea mays) plants with endophytes increased plant growth attributes by up to 76.25%. The endophytic fungi stimulated mercury uptake from the substrate and promoted its accumulation in plant tissues (t test, p<0.05), preferentially in the roots, which thereby mitigated the impacts of metal phytotoxicity. Westerdykella aquatica P71 and the newly identifed species Pseudomonodictys pantanalensis nov. A73 were the isolates that presented the best phytoremediation potential. Assembling and annotation of P. pantanalensis A73 and W. aquatica P71 genomes resulted in genome sizes of 45.7 and 31.8 Mb that encoded 17,774 and 11,240 protein-coding genes, respectively. Some clusters of genes detected were involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as dimethylcoprogen (NRPS) and melanin (T1PKS), which are metal chelators with antioxidant activity; mercury resistance (merA and merR1); oxidative stress (PRX1 and TRX1); and plant growth promotion (trpS and iscU). Therefore, both fungi species are potential tools for the bioremediation of mercury-contaminated soils due to their ability to reduce phytotoxicity and assist phytoremediation

Insights into the Musa genome: Syntenic relationships to rice and between Musa species

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Musa </it>species (Zingiberaceae, Zingiberales) including bananas and plantains are collectively the fourth most important crop in developing countries. Knowledge concerning <it>Musa </it>genome structure and the origin of distinct cultivars has greatly increased over the last few years. Until now, however, no large-scale analyses of <it>Musa </it>genomic sequence have been conducted. This study compares genomic sequence in two <it>Musa </it>species with orthologous regions in the rice genome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We produced 1.4 Mb of <it>Musa </it>sequence from 13 BAC clones, annotated and analyzed them along with 4 previously sequenced BACs. The 443 predicted genes revealed that Zingiberales genes share GC content and distribution characteristics with eudicot and Poaceae genomes. Comparison with rice revealed microsynteny regions that have persisted since the divergence of the Commelinid orders Poales and Zingiberales at least 117 Mya. The previously hypothesized large-scale duplication event in the common ancestor of major cereal lineages within the Poaceae was verified. The divergence time distributions for <it>Musa</it>-Zingiber (Zingiberaceae, Zingiberales) orthologs and paralogs provide strong evidence for a large-scale duplication event in the <it>Musa </it>lineage after its divergence from the Zingiberaceae approximately 61 Mya. Comparisons of genomic regions from <it>M. acuminata </it>and <it>M. balbisiana </it>revealed highly conserved genome structure, and indicated that these genomes diverged circa 4.6 Mya.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results point to the utility of comparative analyses between distantly-related monocot species such as rice and <it>Musa </it>for improving our understanding of monocot genome evolution. Sequencing the genome of <it>M. acuminata </it>would provide a strong foundation for comparative genomics in the monocots. In addition a genome sequence would aid genomic and genetic analyses of cultivated <it>Musa </it>polyploid genotypes in research aimed at localizing and cloning genes controlling important agronomic traits for breeding purposes.</p