Nouvelles pistes pour revisiter la production de la parole et son développement : données, modèles, représentation

International audienceNew tracks to revisit speech production and speech development: data, models and representation Since several years new tracks are explored to revisit speech production, emergence and development. Data bases and modeling concerning genetics (HOX and noHOX genes), biometrical data of head, hyoid bone and cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), muscle anatomy, developmental phonetics, vocal tract modeling (geometrical and biomechanical), and swallowing physiology have been interwoven in order to provide new insights on speech production. This research integrates, along all the steps, the realization of computerized dynamic graphics and video illustrations. They will provide help for speech researchers, physicians and speech therapists.Depuis quelques années de nouvelles pistes sont explorées pour revisiter la production de la parole, son émergence et son développement. Les domaines pour lesquels il a semblé productif de croiser bases de données et modélisation concernent la génétique du développement de la tête (gênes HOX et non-HOX), du rachis cervical (C1 C7) et de l'os hyoïde, de la biométrie osseuse de la tête et du cou, de l'anatomie fonctionnelle des muscles impliqués dans production de la parole, de la phonétique du développement, de la modélisation du conduit vocal (géométrique et biomécanique) et de la physiologie de la déglutition. Pour pouvoir appréhender ces nouvelles pistes dans leur spécificité, un effort important de visualisation a été fait grâce à l'utilisation de la synthèse numérique dynamique appliquée à la croissance de l'architecture osseuse, du cerveau et du conduit vocal

French Roadmap for complex Systems 2008-2009

This second issue of the French Complex Systems Roadmap is the outcome of the Entretiens de Cargese 2008, an interdisciplinary brainstorming session organized over one week in 2008, jointly by RNSC, ISC-PIF and IXXI. It capitalizes on the first roadmap and gathers contributions of more than 70 scientists from major French institutions. The aim of this roadmap is to foster the coordination of the complex systems community on focused topics and questions, as well as to present contributions and challenges in the complex systems sciences and complexity science to the public, political and industrial spheres

Islet Endothelial Activation and Oxidative Stress Gene Expression Is Reduced by IL-1Ra Treatment in the Type 2 Diabetic GK Rat

Inflammation followed by fibrosis is a component of islet dysfunction in both rodent and human type 2 diabetes. Because islet inflammation may originate from endothelial cells, we assessed the expression of selected genes involved in endothelial cell activation in islets from a spontaneous model of type 2 diabetes, the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat. We also examined islet endotheliuml/oxidative stress (OS)/inflammation-related gene expression, islet vascularization and fibrosis after treatment with the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead