Pragmatic Maxims and Presumptions in Legal Interpretation

The fields of linguistic pragmatics and legal interpretation are deeply interrelated. The purpose of this paper is to show how pragmatics and the developments in argumentation theory can contribute to the debate on legal interpretation. The relation between the pragmatic maxims and the presumptions underlying the legal canons are brought to light, unveiling the principles that underlie the types of argument usually used to justify a construction. The Gricean maxims and the arguments of legal interpretation are regarded as presumptions subject to default used to justify an interpretation. This approach can allow one to trace the different legal interpretive arguments back to their basic underlying presumptions, so that they can be compared, ordered, and assessed according to their defeasibility conditions. This approach allows one to understand the difference between various types of interpretive canons, and their strength in justifying an interpretation

First Philosophies and Regressive Philosophy

31 p. The Translation has been removed due to copyright restrictions. The commentary is still available

Ética na escola: (re)acendendo uma polêmica Ethics at school: (re) kindling a controversy

Considerando que a ética na escola e a formação do caráter do aluno têm sido discutidas em todo mundo, este artigo trata o tema com base em três eixos. O primeiro apresenta algumas visões filosóficas de ética e de moral, buscando investigar se as distinções teóricas têm ou não significado social. O segundo eixo se relaciona aos fundamentos da ética e da moral como disciplinas práticas. A principal questão colocada é: os princípios gerais devem legitimar os juízos de valor éticos/morais ou vice-versa? Finalmente, é abordado o papel cumprido pela escola na formação ética/moral do cidadão. Certas concepções educacionais como a de Comênio, a de Dewey e também as práticas pedagógicas homogeneizadoras, assim como as propostas relativas à ética presentes nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, são discutidas.<br>Considering that Ethics at school and the education of students' character have been discussed all over the world, this paper focuses its subject based on three axes. The first one presents some philosophical views on Morality and Ethics in order to investigate whether or not theoretical distinctions have social impacts. The second axis is related to the foundations of Morality and Ethics as practical disciplines. The main question is: Should general principles legitimate moral/ethical judgments or vice versa? Finally the role assumed by school in the ethical/moral education of the citizen is explored. Both educational conceptions as those owing to Comenius and Dewey and the homogenizing pedagogical practices are discussed, as well as the ethical proposals included in the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (National Curricular Guidelines