26,956 research outputs found
Instantons and Fluctuations in a Lagrangian Model of Turbulence
We perform a detailed analytical study of the Recent Fluid Deformation (RFD)
model for the onset of Lagrangian intermittency, within the context of the
Martin-Siggia-Rose-Janssen-de Dominicis (MSRJD) path integral formalism. The
model is based, as a key point, upon local closures for the pressure Hessian
and the viscous dissipation terms in the stochastic dynamical equations for the
velocity gradient tensor. We carry out a power counting hierarchical
classification of the several perturbative contributions associated to
fluctuations around the instanton-evaluated MSRJD action, along the lines of
the cumulant expansion. The most relevant Feynman diagrams are then integrated
out into the renormalized effective action, for the computation of velocity
gradient probability distribution functions (vgPDFs). While the subleading
perturbative corrections do not affect the global shape of the vgPDFs in an
appreciable qualitative way, it turns out that they have a significant role in
the accurate description of their non-Gaussian cores.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figure
The Onset of Intermittency in Stochastic Burgers Hydrodynamics
We study the onset of intermittency in stochastic Burgers hydrodynamics, as
characterized by the statistical behavior of negative velocity gradient
fluctuations. The analysis is based on the response functional formalism, where
specific velocity configurations - the viscous instantons - are assumed to play
a dominant role in modeling the left tails of velocity gradient probability
distribution functions. We find, as expected on general grounds, that the field
theoretical approach becomes meaningful in practice only if the effects of
fluctuations around instantons are taken into account. Working with a
systematic cumulant expansion, it turns out that the integration of
fluctuations yields, in leading perturbative order, to an effective description
of the Burgers stochastic dynamics given by the renormalization of its
associated heat kernel propagator and the external force-force correlation
function.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Transversely projective foliations on surfaces: existence of normal forms and prescription of the monodromy
We introduce a notion of normal form for transversely projective structures
of singular foliations on complex manifolds. Our first main result says that
this normal form exists and is unique when ambient space is two-dimensional.
From this result one obtains a natural way to produce invariants for
transversely projective foliations on surfaces. Our second main result says
that on projective surfaces one can construct singular transversely projective
foliations with prescribed monodromy
Reação de cultivares de batata-doceao mal-do-pé.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de cultivares de batata-doce a Plenodomus destruens. As cultivares utilizadas foram: Princesa, Braszlândia Branca, Brazlândia Roxa, Brazlândia Rosada, Beauregard e Coquinho
Photon-number-resolving segmented avalanche-photodiode detectors
We investigate the feasibility and performance of photon-number-resolved
photodetection employing avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with low dark counts. The
main idea is to split n photons over m modes such that every mode has no more
than one photon, which is detected alongside propagation by an APD. We
characterize performance by evaluating the purities of positive-operator-valued
measurements (POVMs), in terms of APD number and photon loss.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, submitted for publicatio
The quadratic spinor Lagrangian, axial torsion current, and generalizations
We show that the Einstein-Hilbert, the Einstein-Palatini, and the Holst
actions can be derived from the Quadratic Spinor Lagrangian (QSL), when the
three classes of Dirac spinor fields, under Lounesto spinor field
classification, are considered. To each one of these classes, there corresponds
a unique kind of action for a covariant gravity theory. In other words, it is
shown to exist a one-to-one correspondence between the three classes of
non-equivalent solutions of the Dirac equation, and Einstein-Hilbert,
Einstein-Palatini, and Holst actions. Furthermore, it arises naturally, from
Lounesto spinor field classification, that any other class of spinor field
(Weyl, Majorana, flagpole, or flag-dipole spinor fields) yields a trivial
(zero) QSL, up to a boundary term. To investigate this boundary term we do not
impose any constraint on the Dirac spinor field, and consequently we obtain new
terms in the boundary component of the QSL. In the particular case of a
teleparallel connection, an axial torsion 1-form current density is obtained.
New terms are also obtained in the corresponding Hamiltonian formalism. We then
discuss how these new terms could shed new light on more general
investigations.Comment: 9 pages, RevTeX, to be published in Int.J.Mod.Phys.D (2007
Liver Resections for Metastases from Intraabdominal Leiomyosarcoma
This paper discusses liver resection for intraabdominal
leiomyosarcoma metastases as a therapy for
carefully selected patients. Of the 83 hepatectomies
performed from 1992 to 1996, five were resections for
liver metastases due to intraabdominal leiomyosarcoma,
in 3 patients. The surgical indication was single
liver metastases, without any evidence of extrahepatic
disease. No mortality occurred during surgery and the
longest survival was 38 months. We concluded that
liver resection for leiomyosarcoma metastases can be
performed, allowing a long term survival in an
occasional patient
Evaluation of subcutaneous proleukin (Interleukin-2) in a randomized international trial (ESPRIT): Geographical and gender differences in the baseline characteristics of participants
Background: ESPRIT, is a phase III, open-label, randomized, international clinical trial evaluating the effects of subcutaneous recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) plus antiretroviral therapy (ART) versus ART alone on HIV-disease progression and death in HIV-1-infected individuals with CD4+ T-cells ≥300 cells/μL. Objectives: To describe the baseline characteristics of participants randomized to ESPRIT overall and by geographic location. Method: Baseline characteristics of randomized participants were summarized by region. Results: 4,150 patients were enrolled in ESPRIT from 254 sites in 25 countries. 41%, 27%, 16%, 11%, and 5% were enrolled in Europe, North America, South America, Asia, and Australia, respectively. The median age was 40 years, 81% were men, and 76%, 11%, and 9% were Caucasian, Asian, and African American or African, respectively. 44% of women enrolled (n = 769) were enrolled in Thailand and Argentina. Overall, 55% and 38% of the cohort acquired HIV through male homosexual and heterosexual contact, respectively. 25% had a prior history of AIDS-defining illness; Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, M. tuberculosis, and esophageal candida were most commonly reported. Median nadir and baseline CD4+ T-cell counts were 199 and 458 cells/μL, respectively. 6% and 13% were hepatitis B or C virus coinfected, respectively. Median duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 4.2 years; the longest median duration was in Australia (5.2 years) and the shortest was in Asia (2.3 years). 17%, 13%, and 69% of participants began ART before 1995, between 1996 and 1997, and from 1998 onward, respectively. 86% used ART from two or more ART classes, with 49% using a protease inhibitor-based regimen and 46% using a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen. 78% had plasma HIV RNA below detection (<500 cp/mL). Conclusion: ESPRIT has enrolled a diverse population of HIV-infected individuals including large populations of women and patients of African-American/African and Asian ethnicity often underrepresented in HIV research. As a consequence, the results of the study may have wide global applicability
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