A new species of Hemigrammus Gill, 1858 (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Madeira and rio Paraguai basins, with a redescription of H. lunatus

A new Hemigrammus is described from the rio Paraguai and rio Madeira basins, Mato Grosso and Rondônia States, Brazil. The new species is characterized by possessing a wide dark horizontal stripe across the eye, a vertically elongated humeral blotch, and 4-5 gill-rakers on upper branch and 9-10 on lower. The new species can be easily diagnosed from H. lunatus, the sympatric and morphologically most similar congener, by the shape of humeral blotch and the number of gill rakers. Data of the type material of both Hemigrammus lunatus and H. maxillaris, as well as extensive examination of specimens, allowed us to conclude that H. maxillarisis a junior subjective synonym of H. lunatus. A redescription of H. lunatus, as well as a formal restriction of its type locality, is provided. A putative monophyletic group within Hemigrammus, composed by H. barrigonae, Hemigrammus lunatus, H. machadoi new species, and H. ulreyi, named Hemigrammus lunatus group, is proposed based on overall body morphology and color pattern. Additionally, a discussion on the biogeographical relationships between the rio Paraguai and rio Guaporé basins is provided122265279Um Hemigrammus novo é descrito das bacias dos rios Paraguai e Madeira, estados de Mato Grosso e Rondônia, Brasil. A espécie nova é caracterizada por possuir uma ampla faixa escura horizontal atravessando o olho, mancha umeral verticalmente alongada, 4-5 rastros branquiais no ramo superior e 9-10 no inferior. A espécie nova pode ser facilmente diferenciada de H. lunatus, a congênere simpátrica e mais semelhante morfologicamente, pela forma da mancha umeral, e pelo número de rastros branquiais. Dados do material-tipo de Hemigrammus lunatus e H. maxillaris, bem como o exame de extenso material, levou à conclusão de que H. maxillaris é um sinônimo júnior de H. lunatus. É apresentada a redescrição de H. lunatus com a restrição formal de sua localidade-tipo. Um presumível grupo monofilético dentro de Hemigrammus, composto por H. barrigonae, H. machadoi espécie nova,Hemigrammus lunatus, and H. ulreyi, chamado grupo Hemigrammus lunatus, é proposto baseado na morfologia geral do corpo e padrão de colorido. Adicionalmente, uma discussão das relações biogeográficas entre as bacias dos rios Paraguai e Guaporé é apresentadasem informaçã

A new species of Hemigrammus gill, 1858 (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Madeira and Rio Paraguai basins, with a redescription of H. lunatus

A new Hemigrammus is described from the rio Paraguai and rio Madeira basins, Mato Grosso and Rondônia States, Brazil. The new species is characterized by possessing a wide dark horizontal stripe across the eye, a vertically elongated humeral blotch, and 4-5 gill-rakers on upper branch and 9-10 on lower. The new species can be easily diagnosed from H. lunatus, the sympatric and morphologically most similar congener, by the shape of humeral blotch and the number of gill rakers. Data of the type material of both Hemigrammus lunatus and H. maxillaris, as well as extensive examination of specimens, allowed us to conclude that H. maxillaris is a junior subjective synonym of H. lunatus. A redescription of H. lunatus, as well as a formal restriction of its type locality, is provided. A putative monophyletic group within Hemigrammus, composed by H. barrigonae, Hemigrammus lunatus, H. machadoi new species, and H. ulreyi, named Hemigrammus lunatus group, is proposed based on overall body morphology and color pattern. Additionally, a discussion on the biogeographical relationships between the rio Paraguai and rio Guaporé basins is provided. © 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia

Physical training improves cardiopulmonary functional capacity and increases cytokine IL-10 levels in individuals with Chagas disease

Purpose: To evaluate cardiopulmonary functional capacity and the production of cytokines in patients with and without Chagas disease, and with and without hypertension, after short and long-term exercise.Methods: In a case-controlled study, 56 participants who attended the Chagas Disease Laboratory at the State University of Maringa (LDC/UEM) and Basic Health Units (UBS) in Maringa that agreed to participate. The participants were divided into the following groups: 16 with Chagas disease (CHD group), 21 with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH group) and 19 normal individuals without these morbidities (NI group). Each participant performed the 6-min walk test (6MWT), and a 12-week physical training program. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured before and after physical training.Results: The CHD group presented good performance in the 6MWT, with no significant differences in distance traveled or perceived exertion (p > 0.05) compared with the NI group. After physical training, the 6MWT results were significantly better, with significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in the SAH group (p = 0.0409; and p = 0.0377, respectively) and NI group (p = 0.0180; and p = 0.0431, respectively) and a significant increase in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10; p < 0.05) in all three groups. The NI group exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor (all p< 0.05).Conclusion: All of the participants presented improvements in cardiopulmonary functional capacity and good prognosis, indicating the protective effect of IL-10 production and the benefits of physical training.Keywords: Chagas disease, Six-minute walk test, Physical training, Cytokines, Cardiopulmonary function capacity, Hypertensio