El perfil psicológico de las jugadoras de balonmano de la UANL y del ISENCO

En México el desarrollo del deporte nacional se basa en el sector estudiantil (Falco, 2009). Por ende, los atletas realizan un doble esfuerzo al llevar sus entrenamientos a la vez que se desarrollan a nivel académico, teniendo un crecimiento integral. En este caso revisamos un deporte que es joven en comparación con otros deportes (Alemán; comunicación personal, 07 de febrero del 2014) y que ha tenido un crecimiento muy rápido dentro del país, el balonmano. En poco tiempo ésta práctica ha tomado un lugar importante y se ha convertido en un deporte fundamental, que se incluye en el programa académico desde la primaria

Natural hydraulic lime mortars: influence of the aggregates

3rd Historic Mortars Conference, 11-14 September 2013, Glasgow, ScotlandNatural hydraulic lime specifications changed with the new version of standard EN 459-1: 2010 and a new Portuguese NHL3.5 appeared in the market. The characteristics of mortars depend on many different parameters such as the type of binder, the type of aggregates, the use of fillers and of superplasticizers; also on mixing and curing conditions. In this paper NHL3.5 mortars with binder:aggregate volumetric proportions1:3 were prepared, varying the aggregates type and proportions between them. Two coarse sands, a medium sand, a river sand, a finer sand, a calcareous filler and a ceramic powder were used. The two last mentioned aggregates were byproducts from industry. Prismatic mortar samples and samples of mortar applied over brick were prepared and conditioned in two different situations – following standard EN 1015-11 and at 65% relative humidity with initial daily water spray. Mortars were characterized in the fresh state and at the age of 28 days. Results showed the influence namely of the curing, particularly in terms of water capillary, of the superplasticizer and of the fillers. They also showed that NHL3.5 mortars seem to be adequate for old masonries conservation and repair and, in some situations, they can be an alternative to air lime based mortars

Fernandina old Wall of Lisbon: Characterization towards its preservation

The Fernandina old fortress of Lisbon started to be built in 1373. It is composed by 76 towers and 35 entrances along the fortress that is closed with an extension of 4.69 km, having two main sections: East, limited between St. George’s Castle and Terreiro do Trigo Street, and West, starting also in the St. George’s Castle and finished at Misericórdia Street. The construction technology of those sections is mainly rammed earth with an average height of 8 m. Some sections seem to be totally homogeneous but there are other composed of two parallel stone masonry walls with a nucleus filled with compacted earth. The thickness of the fortress wall is variable between 1.75 and 2.20 m. To build with rammed earth technique, humid excavated earth was placed in layers on a wood formwork and manually compacted reducing the thickness of each layer. A succession of compacted layers completed the formwork, which was laterally displaced to build the next rammed earth block. After completing the rammed earth level, the formwork was displaced to the upper level and the same cycle continues up to the top level of the wall fortress. Sometimes, particularly in defensive structures, air lime was added to stabilize the humid earth, obtaining the so called “military rammed earth”. In the other case, the humid earthen materials were placed in layers and compacted inside the two parallel masonry walls that acted as formwork. The fortress is nowadays completely “emerged” and surrounded by the city. Several interventions mainly performed on old buildings confining with, or including, the old fortress have been held in the last years. Some of the sections present renders and repointing mortars that are not originals. Nevertheless, so far there is a lack of information on the materials, originals and applied in the history of interventions. Therefore, this study intends to present the characterization made in situ by visual observation and non-destructive techniques and in laboratory on samples that was possible to obtain from some sections of the old fortress walls. It is expected that the information from the material characterization will be useful to support decisions on future interventions, namely on the definition of repair mortars that need to be compatible and assure efficient conservation of sections that are being accessible of the old wall.authorsversionpublishe

Earth-based mortars for masonry plastering

9th International Masonry Conference 2014, 7-9 July, Universidade do Minho, GuimarãesEarth mortars have been applied since unknown times. Their advantages are ecological but also cover several technical aspects, in terms of compatibility with masonries, reversibility, comfort, aesthetic and health. Some requirements of a recent German standard, which focus on non-stabilized earth plastering mortars, are presented. A commercial premixed Portuguese earth mortar was made within an ECVET workshop and applied as plasters on four different experimental masonry walls, at exterior environmental conditions. The plasters were observed during six months and characterized in situ by non destructive techniques, namely by ultra-sounds and for surface hardness. The same mortar used for the plasters was characterized in laboratory in fresh state and samples of mortar (only mortar and mortar layer applied on brick) were produced and characterized after drying. The characterization of the earth plasters applied on the walls and of the mortar samples is presented and discussed, showing the viability of their use as plaster for different masonry walls

Earth, air lime and natural hydraulic lime mortars: Characterization and influence of aggregates

Rendering and plastering mortars supply protection to buildings and may contribute significantly to thermal and acoustic comfort of the indoor environmental. Being protective layers, they suffer aging and use and have to be repaired and sometimes replaced. Taking this into account, rendering and plastering mortars must comply with technical, but also ecological requirements. Therefore, it is essential to use more recycled and low embodied energy materials to produce mortars, to lower their environmental impact. In the present study five different mortars with different binders and aggregates were produced and characterized. The analysed mortars are: an earth mortar (E); an air lime mortar (CL); an air lime mortar with brick waste instead of sand (CL_BW); an air lime-brick dust mortar (CL+BD); and a natural hydraulic lime mortar (NHL). Except the CL_BW, all the mortars were produced with a river sand. The mortars were tested for wet bulk density, flow table consistency, drying shrinkage, colour, dry bulk density, dynamic modulus of elasticity, flexural and compressive strength. The E and CL mortars present similar flexural and compressive strengths, although the CL mortar was produced with an excess of water, like what happens on site when air lime mortar is produced by professionals only skilled to cementitious ortars. The use of brick waste and dust in all the air lime mortar promotes an increase of the dynamic modulus of elasticity, flexural and compressive strength, except for the CL_BW mortar that presents a flexural strength similar to the CL mortar. The bulk density of the latter is very low in comparison with all the other sandy mortars. NHL mortar presents a slightly higher strength.publishersversionpublishe

Assessment of photocatalytic capacity of a hydraulic mortar

In urban areas façades of buildings and monuments accumulate dirt and are visually degraded, implicating high consumption of resources for repair. The search and development of new products that can help to maintain those façades is therefore very important. To prevent possible damage to the building surface maintaining their aesthetic appearance, cementitious materials with new properties have been developed. One possibility arises from the introduction of titanium dioxide (TiO2) into the composition of coating materials. When exposed to solar UV radiation, the coatings lead to photo-induced oxidation of compounds adsorbed or deposited on their surfaces, with self-cleaning effect. This self-cleaning property reduces the need for maintenance. In can be an advantage for unpainted renders. In this research, physic-mechanical characterization and evaluation of the self-cleaning capacity of a commercial hydraulic lime mortar with photocatalytic property, by the addition of TiO2, were carried out. Two mortars with 1:3 (binder:aggregate) volumetric proportion were produced, only differing on the aggregate type, namely its particle size distribution, and compared with similar mortars but formulated with a common hydraulic lime without TiO2. In the physic-mechanical characterization mortar specimens were laboratory tested for mechanical strength, open porosity, capillary water absorption and drying capacity. The self-cleaning capacity of mortars was evaluated by monitoring the discolouration of two organic dyes stains (Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue), applied on the surface of mortar specimens, when exposed to sunlight and UV light. The mortars with TiO2 shown improvements mainly in terms of mechanical strengths but without significant changes concerning water and vapour behaviour. Simultaneously those mortars have shown a great degradation of colour of the two dyes stains, with high colour change percentages particularly after sunlight exposure.Secil argamassa

Effect of type of curing and metakaolin replacement on air lime mortars for the durability of masonries

Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by national funds from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology by supporting the Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability Unit—CERIS (project UIDB/04625/2020).The interest in restoration and maintenance of old masonries towards their durability is nowadays combined with the concept of sustainability and the need to implement more suitable materials for building heritage interventions. This has led to the importance of having a better knowledge of air lime mortars, namely on the effect of pozzolanic additions, curing conditions and evolution at early stages. This study consisted in the characterization of mortars based on hydrated air lime and sand, with 1:2 (lime:sand) volumetric composition, with different weight percentages of substitution of lime by metakaolin (Mk): 0%, 10% and 20%. Mortar prisms were analyzed in three different curing environments: maritime (by the Atlantic Ocean), in laboratory humidity (95 ± 5% relative humidity, RH) and standard (65 ± 5% RH) conditioning. Tests were conducted to evaluate fresh and hardened properties of mortars, considering physical, chemical and mechanical performance at 28, 90 and 180 days. Results showed the viability of applying air lime-Mk mortars with curing conditions similar to the tested ones. In the standard curing, the mortar with 20% Mk revealed advantages in mechanical parameters. Concerning the behaviour towards water, improvements were shown at an early stage with the humid curing, while maritime curing benefited its behaviour for at least up to 6 months.publishersversionpublishe

Rastros de otobiografia nas escrituras do eu

Revista Landa, v. 4, n. 1 (2015)Para falar dos rastros de otobiografia nas escrituras do eu, propomos aqui traçar um percurso que o tema do autobiográfico cumpre na desconstrução de Jacques Derrida. Assim, consideramos as discussões acerca da rasura da autobiografia, bem como sobre as questões de assinatura e de nome próprio, que são sempre inscritos na relação com o outro, até mesmo o outro de si

Vernacular Caramel´s Adobe Masonry Dwellings – Material Characterization

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/EPH-PAT/4684/2014].In Pinhal Novo, Palmela, and neighboring municipalities, southern Lisbon region, there are a great number of small adobe masonry dwellings, made in the first half of the twentieth century. The vernacular dwellings were constructed by families that came from the north/center region of Portugal to work at the local manors and were called Caramel´s. Adobe samples from three of these dwellings were collected in Pinhal Novo and Moita, and tested for particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, color, bulk density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, thermal conductivity, dry abrasion, flexural and compressive strength, capillary absorption and drying. It was possible to conclude that the adobe was not chemically stabilized and had no vegetable fibers. Average values for the adobe properties were defined and results were analyzed, revealing comparable to unstabilised adobe and even to lime stabilized adobe from other regions. The data on Caramel´s adobe can support the design of interventions to preserve at least some of these Caramel´s vernacular dwellings.authorsversionepub_ahead_of_prin