Kondisi Tutupan Karang Pulau Kapoposang, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan kondisi tutupan karang di Pulau Kapoposang, Kabupaten Pangkajene, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Pulau Kapoposang merupakan salah satu Daerah Perlindungan Laut (DPL) di Indonesia dan data kondisi tutupan karang merupakan informasi yang sangat penting untuk mengontrol kondisi laut tersebut. Sampling dengan menggunakan metode transek garis menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata persentase tutupan karang sebesar 48,53% dan tergolong tutupan sedang. CONDITION IN KAPOPOSANG ISLAND, DISTRICT OF PANGKAJENE KEPULAUAN, SOUTH SULAWES

Identifikasi Zooplankton Di Perairan Pulau Bunaken Manado

Perairan Pulau Bunaken merupakan objek wisata yang terdapat di Manado Sulawesi Utara dan merupakan daerah perlindungan laut. Perairannya dijaga agar tetap menunjang diversitas organisme di sekitar pantai dan menghasilkan nilai tambah dari segi estetika dan ketersediaan ikan-ikan yang menjadi sumber pencarian bagi masyarakat nelayan di pesisir. Salah satu indikator keberadaan ikan dan kesuburan perairan adalah adanya zooplankton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi zooplankton yang ada di perairan Pulau Bunaken, Manado. Pengambilan sampel zooplankton dalam penelitian ini dilakukan di empat stasiun. Stasiun penelitian ini dipilih berdasarkan tempat pemanfaatannya, yaitu di daerah tubir, daerah liang, daerah dermaga perkampungan dan daerah observasi. Pengambilan sampel plankton di lakukan menggunakan plankton net dan sampel kemudian di identifikasi di Laboratorium Biokonservasi Biologi FMIPA UNSRAT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zooplankton yang ditemukan di Pulau Bunaken Manado secara umum termasuk dalam 14 kelas dan 28 genus dengan jumlah 7.676 individu. Stasiun yang mempunyai jumlah kelas terbanyak adalah stasiun III dan IV yaitu sebanyak 11 kelas.The waters of Bunaken Island is a tourism area located in Manado, North Sulawesi, and is a protected marine area. It is conserved to support the diversity of organisms around the coast and result in added value in terms of aesthetics and availability of fish that became the source of income for fishermen in coastal communities. One of the indicators for the presence of fish and water fertility is zooplankton. The purpose of this study was to identify zooplankton in the waters of Bunaken Island, Manado. Zooplankton sampling was performed at four stations. The stations were selected based on the utilization, those are in the edge region, the canal, the village dock, and observation area. Plankton sampling was done by using a plankton net and samples collected were identified in the laboratory of Bioconservation, Departement of Biology Faculty of Sciences UNSRAT. The results showed that zooplankton found in Bunaken Island, Manado was generally included in 14 classes and 28 genus with the number of sample of 7,676 individuals. Stations that have the highest number of 11 classes were III and IV

Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos di Sungai Talawaan Minahasa Utara, Sulawesi Utara

Makrozoobentos merupakan hewan makroinvertebrata yang menetap di dasar perairan baik sesil, merayap maupun menggali lubang. Beberapa alasan menjadikan makrozoobentos sebagai bioindikator adalah makrozoobentos relatif diam di dasar perairan sehingga terdedah oleh air, pendedahan yang terus menerus menyebabkan makrozoobentos dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan lingkungan dan Perubahan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragamannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman makrozoobentos di Sungai Talawaan. Lokasi penelitian terletak di Sungai Talawaan, Minahasa Utara, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling dengan menggunakan alat jaring surber. Total individu yang didapatkan dari 3 stasiun sebanyak 191 individu dengan jumlah ordo sebanyak 6 yang terdiri dari 14 genus. Genus makrozoobentos yang paling banyak ditemukan pada ke 3 stasiun yaitu Ephemeroptera, Tricoptera dan Coleoptera. Nilai total ke 3 Stasiun termasuk pada kelompok tercemar ringan dengan Indeks keanekaragaman > 2,0 yaitu 2,01

Inventarisasi Jenis Pohon Pada Cagar Alam Gunung Ambang, Sulawesi Utara

Pohon sebagai penyusun utama kawasan hutan berperan penting dalam pengaturan tata air, cadangan plasma nutfah, penyangga kehidupan, sumber daya pembangunan dan sumber devisa Negara. Peranan pohon-pohon dalam komunitas hutan semakin sulit dipertahankan mengingat tekanan masyarakat terhadap kelompok tumbuhan dari waktu ke waktu terus meningkat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji jenis-jenis pohon yang berada di kawasan Cagar Alam Gunung Ambang, Sulawesi Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode garis berpetak yang merupakan modifiksi dari metode petak atau plot ganda dan metode jalur. Tipe habitat yang dijadikan titik pengambilan sampel adalah hutan primer dan hutan sekunder. Hasil pengamatan diperoleh sebanyak 38 jenis pohon penyusun hutan di Gunung Ambang yang termasuk dalam 22 suku. Pada hutan primer disusun oleh 37 jenis dan 22 suku, sedangkan pada hutan sekunder terdiri dari 28 jenis yang termasuk dalam 18 suku. Jenis pohon yang mendominasi setiap lokasi penelitian yaitu suku Magnoliaceae dan Arecaceae.Tree as the main constituent of forests play an important role in water regulation, germplasm reserves, life support, development resources and the country\u27s foreign exchange resources. The role of trees in the forest communities are difficult to be sustained because the people pressure increase on the trees day by day. This study aims to assess the types of trees that are in the nature reserve area of ​​Gunung Ambang, North Sulawesi. The method used is the line transect plots that is modified from the plot method or a double plot and track method. The type of habitat that is used as the starting sampling point is the primary forests and secondary forests. Result of observations showed that Gunung Ambang is composed by 38 species of plant in 22 family. In the primary forest composed by 37 species and 22 Family, whereas in secondary forest consists of 28 species in 18 family. Types of trees that dominate each research location are Family Magnoliaceae and Family Arecaceae

Kondisi Tutupan Karang Di Desa Ratatotok Timur Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan kondisi tutupan karang di desa Ratatotok Timur, Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan informasi tentang tutupan karang di Ratatotok Timur sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan dalam USAha pengelolaan, pemeliharaan dan pelestarian terumbu karang di Daerah tersebut. Sampling dilakukan menggunakan metode LIT (Line Intercept Transect) pada kedalaman 5 meter dan 10 meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi tutupan karang secara umum tergolong kategori tutupan sedang.A research was carried out to determine the condition of Coral covering in East Ratatotok Village, District of Southeast Minahasa. This research was carried out to give information about coral covering in East Ratatotok and was expected to be a reference in managing, maintaining, and preserving coral reefs in the area. Sampling was carried out using LIT (Line Intercept Transect) method in 5 meter and 10 meter depths. The result shows that the coral covering was classified as moderate coral reef covering

Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Metanol Beberapa Jenis Porifera Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia Coli Dan Staphylococcus Aureus

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji daya hambat dari ekstrak metanol beberapa jenis porifera terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer, yaitu dilakukan dengan mengukur zona hambat di sekeliling cakram kertas. Ekstrak Haliclona sp dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus pada konsentrasi ekstrak 30%, 60% dan 90% dengan hasil pengukuran diameter zona hambat 13.50 mm, 20.67 mm dan 27.33 mm; serta menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli dengan diameter zona hambat 10.08 mm, 12.83 mm dan 14.17 mm. Daya hambat ekstrak Agelas sp terhadap S. aureus menunjukkan diameter zona hambat 8.33 mm dan hanya menunjukkan pada konsentrasi ekstrak 90%, sementara daya hambat ekstrak Agelas sp pada konsentrasi 30%, 60% dan 90% terhadap E. coli menunjukkan diameter zona hambat sebesar 7.67 mm, 10.17 mm dan 14.17 mm. Daya hambat Spheciospongia sp terhadap S. aureus dan E. coli hanya terlihat pada konsentrasi ekstrak sebesar 90% dengan diameter zona hambat adalah 8.42 mm dan 8.75 mm. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak Haliclona sp memiliki potensi aktivitas antibakteri yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan obat antibiotik.This research aimed to test the inhibition capabilities of methanol extract from several kinds of Porifera on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth. The antibacterial activity test using the Kirby-Bauer method, which delivered by measuring the inhibition zone around paper disc. The extract of Haliclona sp can inhibit the S. aureus growth at 30%, 60% and 90% of extracts concentration with the measurement of inhibition zone diameters are 13.50 mm, 20.67 mm and 27.33 mm; also inhibit the E. coli growth with inhibition zone diameters are 10.08 mm, 12.83 mm and 14.17 mm. The inhibition capability of Agelas sp extract on S. aureus shows that the inhibition zone diameters is 8.83 mm and only appear at 90% of extracts concentration, meanwhile the inhibition capability of Agelas sp extract at concentration 30%, 60% and 90% on E. coli shows diameters of inhibition zone are 7.67 mm, 10.17 mm and 14.17 mm. The inhibition capability of Spheciospongia sp on S. aureus and E. coli only occurred at 90% of extracts concentration with inhibition zone diameters 8.42 mm and 8.75 mm. Based on the results, it can be assumed that extracts of Haliclona sp has a potential antibacterial activity that can be used as a basic ingredients for antibiotic medicine

Creating a Culture of Community Involvement in the Adventist Church in Gugulethu Township, South Africa

Problem Most Adventist churches in South Africa live in isolation from their communities. Christianity in general and Adventism in particular are becoming irrelevant to the needs of the church, with serious implications for church growth. Methodology Tembalethu Adventist church in Gugulethu Township in South Africa was used to pilot a community services program by adopting a school nearby. A mixed approach of both qualitative and quantitative methods was used. This consisted of structured interviews, both personal and by telephone, and questionnaires. An analysis of a government census was also done. Results Tembalethu started an after-care program which was attended by 150 learners. The program has been running for more than three months (as of the date of the dissertation) and accepted with enthusiasm by the school. Conclusions The Adventist Church has to create an awareness of the importance of community involvement. Meeting the needs of the learners is the only way they will have interest in Christianity and the Church

Public health impacts of storm water canals in Nelson Mandela Bay communities

Public health impacts of storm water canals in Nelson Mandela Bay communitie

Bangka Archipelago and Phyllidiidae : A diversity study on marine Heterobranchia in North Sulawesi (Indonesia) with a thorough assessment of the family Phyllidiidae (Nudibranchia, Gastropoda)

Sea slug diversity is reflecting the ecosystem and habitat diversity and also the health of these systems. Chapter 3 covers a new study location, Bangka Archipelago (BA). The substrate in BA is dominated by biogenic reefs and volcanic rocks, providing highly diverse and strongly structured habitats, including sea slugs. In total 149 species are recorded from this area now. 33 species recorded in my BA study are new to science. Members of the abundant tropical-subtropical nudibranch family Phyllidiidae are interesting with regard to the conspicuous colour (very popular for underwater photographers), chemical defense system (often investigated with regard to chemical compounds and of interest for pharmaceutical purposes) and the difficult taxonomic (therefore only few scientists have worked with this group). I combined molecular methods with thorough investigation of the external morphology. Maximum likelihood tree based on a concatenated dataset with 598 CO1 and 16S mitochondrial genes resulted in a large phylogeny of Phyllidiidae, which covers 32 species. Specimens from our expeditions can be assigned to 11 species of Phyllidia, 7 species of Phyllidiopsis, and 11 species of Phyllidiella. Six other species were added by extracting sequences from GenBank. With these integrative methods, external morphology, molecular and chemical analyses, we could demonstrate unknown cryptic variation or identify paraphyly in groups that up to now were considered monophyletic. We were therefore able to identify subspecies, or external variation within the species, or similar color patterns in not closely related species due to mimicry. I was able to resurrect Phyllidiella albonigra Quoy & Gaymard 1831 and synonymize Phyllidiopsis pipeki Brunckhorst, 1993 with Phyllidiopsis krempfi Pruvot-Fol, 1957. Additionally, the chemical analyses provide further evidence for dietary preference within the Phyllidiidae. The most problematic clade of Phyllidiidae is still Phyllidiella. Several other species were synonymized in the past with P. pustulosa, which was described with many external variations and many specimens with overlapping characters. All our specimens that clustered in a large clade, which we were able to assign to the “real” Phyllidiella pustulosa after re-analyses of type material, still split into subclades. The paratypes of P. nobilis are different species. One was very similar to one of our unnamed clades, but the name P. nobilis is not available for this clade, because of the synonymy of the holotype with P. pustulosa. In future analyses of Phyllidiidae, I advise to document all collected specimens from the dorsal and ventral side to preserve colour information, which is often lost in fixed material