An Analysis of Agricultural Production Efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Belt Based on a Three-Stage DEA Malmquist Model

The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is a major national strategic development area in China, and the development of the YREB will greatly promote the development of the entirety China, so research on its agricultural production efficiency is also of great significance. This paper is committed to studying the agricultural production efficiency of 11 provinces in the YREB and adopts a combination of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and the Malmquist index to make a dynamic and static analysis on the YREB’s agricultural production efficiency from 2010 to 2019. Then, a three-stage DEA Malmquist model that eliminates the factors of random interference and management inefficiency is compared to a model without elimination. The results show that the adjusted technological efficiency changes, technological progress, and total factor productivity increased by −0.1%, 0.24%, and 0.22%, respectively. When comparing these values to the pre-adjustment values, the results indicate that the effect of environmental variables cannot be ignored when studying the agricultural production efficiency of the YREB. At the same time, the differences in the agricultural production efficiency in the YREB are reasonably explained, and feasible suggestions are put forward

Reconstruction Mode of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Alpine and Gorge Area of Southwest China—A Case Study of Scientific Identification and Precision Reconstruction of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Luquan County, Yunnan Province

The transformation of dilapidated houses in rural areas is not only a livelihood project related to the broad masses of rural people, but also a major project to win the battle against poverty. Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County, Yunnan Province, located in the high mountain and gorge area along Jinsha River, is one of the key counties of poverty alleviation and development with a wide range of poverty and a deep degree of poverty. The incidence of poverty is 22.21%. Housing security is the focus, difficulty and emphasis of poverty alleviation in this county, the number of dilapidated houses is large, the type is complex, the transformation is difficult, and the implementation cost is high. Since the beginning of 2017, Luquan County has faced difficulties, explored in depth, pioneered and innovated, and completed the renovation of 54801 dilapidated houses in an all-round way. It created a road full of characteristics and effectiveness of rural dilapidated housing transformation, and explored a set of effective scientific identification and accurate transformation models for rural dilapidated housing worthy of reference and promotion. Successful renovation of dilapidated houses, combined with industrial poverty alleviation, education poverty alleviation, health poverty alleviation and other accurate poverty alleviation measures, have made Luquan County win a decisive victory in the fight against poverty. By the end of December 2018, the incidence of poverty in the county had dropped to 0.54 percent, and 115 poor villages (including 83 extremely poor villages) had successfully shaken off poverty.This paper analyzes and summarizes the concrete methods, main effects, characteristics and bright spots, successful experience, and reference significance of the scientific identification and precise transformation mode of rural dilapidated houses in this county, so as to provide a necessary reference for the transformation of rural dilapidated houses in Yunnan Province and even poor counties in similar provinces (cities and districts)

Developmental stage has a greater effect than Cry1Ac expression in transgenic cotton on the phyllosphere mycobiome

Transgenic Bt cotton is widely cultivated, yet its impact on the phyllosphere mycobiome is poorly understood. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects resulting from the planting of Bt cotton on fungal diversity composition. The alpha diversity for the Bt cotton line SGK321 was lower than that of control plants at the budding stage and blossoming and boll-forming stage, while an obvious increase in diversity for Bt cotton XP188 was observed at the same stage. The Cry1Ac levels were higher at the seedling stage than at the budding stage and blossoming and boll-forming stage. There was no direct relationship between the expression of the Bt protein and variation in the fungal community for Bt cotton. However, PCoA and PCA results indicated that community structure differed among developmental stages. These results indicated that developmental stage, rather than Cry1Ac expression, was the key factor shaping the phyllosphere mycobiome in transgenic cotton.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i>Mangifera indica</i> L.

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is abundant in proanthocyanidins (PAs) that are important for human health and plant response to abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis still need to be elucidated. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyzes a key step in PA biosynthesis. In this study, three ANR cDNAs (MiANR1-1,1-2,1-3) were isolated from mango, and expressed in Escherichia coli. In vitro enzyme assay showed MiANR proteins convert cyanidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols, such as (&#8722;)-catechin and (&#8722;)-epicatechin. Despite high amino acid similarity, the recombinant ANR proteins exhibited differences in enzyme kinetics and cosubstrate preference. MiANR1-2 and MiANR1-3 have the same optimum pH of 4.0 in citrate buffer, while the optimum pH for MiANR1-1 is pH 3.0 in phosphate buffer. MiANR1-1 does not use either NADPH or NADH as co-substrate while MiANR1-2/1-3 use only NADPH as co-substrate. MiANR1-2 has the highest Km and Vmax for cyanidin, followed by MiANR1-3 and MiANR1-1. The overexpression of MiANRs in ban mutant reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in the seed coat. These data demonstrate MiANRs can form the ANR pathway, leading to the formation of two types of isomeric flavan-3-ols and PAs in mango