Seasonal Change of Bahiagrass Tiller Under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Cutting Height

Seasonal change of bahiagrass tiller under different nitrogen fertilizer rate and cutting height was investigated over a 4-year period. Tiller dynamics were examined using a tagging technique, with treatments of two nitrogen rates [5 g N/m2 /year (LN) and 20 g N/m2/year (HN)] x three cutting heights above ground level [20 mm (LH), 120 mm (MH) and 220 mm (HH)]. Total tiller density in the first one or two years increased in LH treatments, whereas that in MH and HH treatments decreased. Thereafter, the density reached annually constant values, showing seasonal fluctuations consisting of the spring increase and the subsequent decrease. The decrease in cutting height usually increased TAR, and the increase in nitrogen rate often increased TAR in the LH treatments. TDR increased from spring to summer and decreased thereafter. In summer and autumn, HN/LH treatment often showed higher TDR than the other treatments. The balance in LH treatments increased with increasing nitrogen rate. In the other months, the balance was usually close to zero or negative, except for LH treatments in the first year. The half-life of tillers tended to increase with decreasing nitrogen rate and cutting height. Tillers appearing in autumn survived longest, and those appearing in spring shortest. The results show that bahiagrass copes with severe management conditions by increasing its tiller longevity. This is taken as an important mechanism for the high persistence of the grass. In addition, bahiagrass tolerates severe defoliation (LH treatments) also by increasing TAR and thus tiller densit

SEASONAL CHANGE OF BAHIAGRASS TILLER UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN FERTILIZER RATE AND CUTTING HEIGHT

Seasonal change of bahiagrass tiller under different nitrogen fertilizer rate and cutting height was investigated over a 4-year period. Tiller dynamics were examined using a tagging technique, with treatments of two nitrogen rates [5 g N/m2 /year (LN) and 20 g N/m2/year (HN)] x three cutting heights above ground level [20 mm (LH), 120 mm (MH) and 220 mm (HH)]. Total tiller density in the first one or two years increased in LH treatments, whereas that in MH and HH treatments decreased. Thereafter, the density reached annually constant values, showing seasonal fluctuations consisting of the spring increase and the subsequent decrease. The decrease in cutting height usually increased TAR, and the increase in nitrogen rate often increased TAR in the LH treatments. TDR increased from spring to summer and decreased thereafter. In summer and autumn, HN/LH treatment often showed higher TDR than the other treatments. The balance in LH treatments increased with increasing nitrogen rate. In the other months, the balance was usually close to zero or negative, except for LH treatments in the first year. The half-life of tillers tended to increase with decreasing nitrogen rate and cutting height. Tillers appearing in autumn survived longest, and those appearing in spring shortest. The results show that bahiagrass copes with severe management conditions by increasing its tiller longevity. This is taken as an important mechanism for the high persistence of the grass. In addition, bahiagrass tolerates severe defoliation (LH treatments) also by increasing TAR and thus tiller densit

Analisis Stabilitas Lereng Menggunakan Metode Fellenius Dan Metode Rankine Studi Kasus: Jln Poros Salu-Dende’ Lembang Salu Sarre Kecamatan Sopai

The earth's surface has a fairly varied and irregular shape, consisting of high, low and water plains. As for the slopes, which are part of the highlands, because they are on the plateau, the slopes are an area where landslides often occur, this also does not escape the type of soil that is on the slopes, as happened on Jln. Salu-Dende axis Lembang Salu Sarre, Sopai District, where the landslide that occurred had an impact on the area because part of the road was also carried away by the landslide.To find out the cause of the landslide, an analysis was carried out at the landslide location, the analysis here was carried out by conducting soil research at the landslide location to determine the quality of the soil, the analysis was also carried out using 2 methods, namely the Fellenius method and the Rankine method to study further the condition of the landslide location so that it can determine the appropriate treatment.After conducting laboratory research, it was found that the soil at the landslide location was clay soil where clay soil had quite good adhesion between particles, and from the results of the analysis using the Fellenius method it was known that the FK value = 0,77 > 1,5 where the results were declared not safe. and from the results of the Rankine method analysis it is known that the value of Ka = 0.86 and Kp = 0.86 where these results are classified as cohesive soils, namely soils with high adhesion between particles. So that the countermeasures used are gabions, where gabions have elastic properties and are easy to apply. After carrying out a horizontal force analysis, the results obtained are ∑H = -0.7 < 0 and the results of the FS calculation = 1 where the results are declared safe

Embryo Development and Post-Hatch Performances of Kampung Chicken by in Ovo Feeding of L-Arginine

The research was conducted to evaluate embryo development, post-hatch performances, and growth rate of kampung chicken treated in-ovo feeding of L-Arginine. A total of 135 kampung chicken fertile eggs (weight 42-43 g) were used and divided into 5 treatment groups of three replications. They were placed in the semi-automatic incubator. The first group was without in-ovo feeding (negative control); the second group was in-ovo feeding of saline 0.9% (positive control); the 3, 4, and 5 groups were in-ovo feeding of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% L-Arginine, respectively. In-ovo feeding of L-Arginine were injected into albumen on day 10 of incubation period using automatic syringe in the narrow end side of egg by inserting needle through a small hole at 10 mm depth. After hatching, all day old chicks were placed in floor pens (1 x 0.5 x 0.5 m) accordance with the previous egg groups. The results showed that in-ovo feeding of L-Arginine increased weight and circumference of the embryo, but did not affect the length of embryo. In-ovo feeding of L-Arginine resulted in a higher body weight gain and a lower feed conversion even though feed intake was not significantly different compared to the control groups. The growth rate performance up to 6 weeks rearing increased significantly by increasing L-Arginine administration to 1.0%. It can be concluded that embryo development and post-hatch performances of kampung chicken were markedly increased by in-ovo feeding of L-arginine

Body Weight Response of Broiler Chicken Subjected to Post-hatched Fasting

The research aimed to assess body weight respons of broiler chickens with various body weights (BW) at hatch when subjected to post-hatched fasting and its subsequent impact on the final body weight. Two hundred and sixteen unsexed broiler chickens, strain Cobb aged 12 hours post-hatch, were randomly assigned into floor pen (six chicks per pen). The research was arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement according to completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment combination. The first factor was the BW at hatch, i.e. light (30.1±0.39g), medium ((33.3±0.44g), and heavy (33.3±0.44g). The second factor was the duration of post-hatched fasting, i.e. 24, 36, 48, and 60 h, respectively. All chickens were weighed at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h post hatch, then at 7 and 35 days of age. Data analysis indicated that the BW of chicken subjected to fasting at 48 to 60 h post-hatch decreased significantly at the rate of 8.6% and 12.5% of the initial body weight, respectively. However, this condition was not related to the initial body weight status of the chicken. Availability of feed after the fasting period was not sufficient to compensate retardation of body weight of the chicken subjected to fasting 48-60 h post-hatch

Performance and Intestinal Condition of Broiler Chicken with Various Body Weight at Hatch When Subjected to Fasting Post-hatch

The research was aimed to determine the performance and intestinal condition of broiler chickens with various body weights (BW) at hatch when subjected to fasting post-hatch. Two hundred and sixteen broiler chickens Cobb aged 12 hours post-hatch and unsexed, were randomly assigned into floor pen, in which each pen filled with six chicks. The research was conducted in a factorial arrangement (3x4) according to completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment combination. The first factor was the BW at hatch i.e. light ((30.1±0.39g), medium ((33.3±0.44g), and heavy (33.3±0.44g). The second factor was the duration of fasting post-hatch (i.e. 24, 36, 48, and 60 h, respectively). Chickens respond on fasting treatment were observed on performance parameters (i.e. feed intake, growth rate, and feed conversion ratio), and intestinal dimension. Heavier chicks at hatch grew better and reached heavier final BW than smaller chicks, and were not influenced by fasting post-hatch. Fasting the chicks more than 48 h post-hatch, reduced the feed intake, retarded the growth, and had smaller intestine during the realimentation period, and these effects were maintained till the end of the experiment. The results of the study revealed that better performance of broiler chickens were achieved when the chicks accessed the feed no longer than 48 h post-hatch

Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Garlic Powder in Laying Hen: Low Cholesterol Egg?

Forty laying hens Hysex Brown consisting of 2 age groups (27 and 77 weeks of age) were used inthe study to elucidate the hypocholesterolemic effect of garlic powder on egg production, serum and eggcholesterol. They were caged individually and fed diet containing 0 (control), 1, 2, and 4% oven driedgarlic powder for 4 periods of 4 weeks. The old hens consumed more food compared to those of theyoung one, while water consumption was in the reverse condition. The egg production indicated by theyoung hens fed dietary 1 and 2% garlic powder was significantly higher than those fed control diet.However, the old hens produced heavier eggs than those of the young hens, particularly when 1% garlicpowder was supplemented. There was a closed relationship between serum and egg cholesterol, whichreduced gradually with longer time the hens fed dietary garlic. The results clearly demonstrated that thelaying hens fed dietary garlic powder up to 4% produced egg containing lower cholesterol (-34%)compared to those fed control diet; The hypocholesterolemic effect of garlic powder is apparently higherin the old hen compared to that in the young hen

Carcass Percentage of Laying Ducks (Anas platyrhyncos) Supplemented by L-Arginine in Ration and Treated by L-Arginine In-Ovo Injection

This study aimed to measure the effect of L-Arginine supplementation in the ration of laying duck and in-ovo injection of L-Arginine during egg incubation on breast muscle dimensions and carcass percentage of local duck. A total of 500 fertile eggs were obtained from laying ducks fed ration without supplementation of L-Arginine containing 1.04% digestible Arginine and 500 other fertile eggs were obtained from laying ducks fed ration supplemented with 0.25% L-Arginine containing 1.29% digestible Arginine. The eggs were subjected to 4 treatments with 5 replications. The treatments were: 1) eggs collected from laying ducks fed ration supplemented with 0% L-Arginine and in ovo injected with 0% L-Arginine during egg incubation as a control (P0); 2) eggs collected from laying ducks fed ration supplemented with 0% L-Arginine and in ovo injected with 1.5% L-Arginine during egg incubation (P1); 3) eggs collected from laying ducks fed ration supplemented with 0.25% L-Arginine and in ovo injected with 0% L-Arginine during egg incubation (P2); and 4) eggs collected from laying ducks fed ration supplemented with 0.25% L-Arginine and in ovo injected with 1.5% L-Arginine during egg incubation (P3). In-ovo injection of L-Arginine was performed on day 8th of incubation by injection of 1.5% L-Arginine into albumen using automatic syringe with a depth of 10 mm. The 180 day-olds hatched unsexed ducks were divided and moved into the pens according to the treatment groups. At the aged of 8 weeks, a male duck and a female duck from each experimental unit were measured for live weight and carcass weight, then the right Pectoralis major muscle sample was taken for histological analysis of myofibril. The results showed that supplementation of L-Arg in the ration of laying ducks and in-ovo injection of L-Arginine during egg incubation could increase muscle mass (number, diameter, and surface area) of the myofibril, live weight, and carcass percentage of offspring ducks compared to control offspring ducks. In conclusion, L-Arginine supplementation in the ration of laying ducks and in-ovo injections of L-Arginine into the eggs during incubation could increase breast muscle dimensions and carcass percentage of offspring local ducks

Effect of Lactobacillus sp. probiotics on intestinal histology, Escherichia coli in excreta and broiler performance

The study was conducted to determine the effect of Lactobacillus sp. in intestinal histology, total amount of Escherichia coli in broiler chicken excreta and broiler performance. Research has been conducted using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications utilize 15 chickens. Lactobacillus sp. 5.8 x 107 CFU/mL was mixed in drinking water and also feed commercial concentrates together ad libitum. The results showed that treatment had significant effect (P 0.05) ration consumption on doses of Lactobacillus sp. treatment 0 mL/days, 1 ml/days, 3 ml/days, and 5 ml/days. In general, the probiotic treatments of 1, 3, and 5 mL/days of lactobacillus sp. were better at villus height, villus surface area, weight gain, final weight, and feed conversion compared to control. Treatment a dose of 3 mL / d (1.7 x 108 CFU) is the best dose in providing optimal response to histology of the small intestine, and broiler performance. Treatment 5 mL/days has the lowest amount of Escherichia coli in manure of broiler. In conclusion, Lactobacillus sp. can be used as one candidate probiotic for broiler

Performance and Intestinal Condition of Broiler Chicken with Various Body Weight at Hatch when Subjected to Fasting Post-hatch

The research was aimed to determine the performance and intestinal condition of broiler chickens with various body weights (BW) at hatch when subjected to fasting post-hatch. Two hundred and sixteen broiler chickens Cobb aged 12 hours post-hatch and unsexed, were randomly assigned into floor pen, in which each pen filled with six chicks. The research was conducted in a factorial arrangement (3x4) according to completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment combination. The first factor was the BW at hatch i.e. light ((30.1±0.39g), medium ((33.3±0.44g), and heavy (33.3±0.44g). The second factor was the duration of fasting post-hatch (i.e. 24, 36, 48, and 60 h, respectively). Chickens respond on fasting treatment were observed on performance parameters (i.e. feed intake, growth rate, and feed conversion ratio), and intestinal dimension. Heavier chicks at hatch grew better and reached heavier final BW than smaller chicks, and were not influenced by fasting post-hatch. Fasting the chicks more than 48 h post-hatch, reduced the feed intake, retarded the growth, and had smaller intestine during the realimentation period, and these effects were maintained till the end of the experiment. The results of the study revealed that better performance of broiler chickens were achieved when the chicks accessed the feed no longer than 48 h post-hatch