POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION EXERCISES ON BLOOD FLOW KINETICS OF DIFFERENT POPULATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH A SUITABLE APPROACH

Background: The ability to control skin blood flow decreases with advancing age and some clinical disorders, as in diabetes and in rheumatologic diseases. Feasible clinical strategies such as whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) are being used without a clear understanding of its effects. The aim of the present study is to review the effects of the WBVE on blood flow kinetics and its feasibility in different populations. Material and Methods: The level of evidence (LE) of selected papers in PubMed and/or PEDRo databases was determined. We selected randomized, controlled trials in English to be evaluated. Results: Six studies had LE II, one had LE III-2 and one III-3 according to the NHMRC. A great variability among the protocols was observed but also in the assessment devices; therefore, more research about this topic is warranted. Conclusion: Despite the limitations, it is can be concluded that the use of WBVE has proven to be a safe and useful strategy to improve blood flow. However, more studies with greater methodological quality are needed to clearly define the more suitable protocols

Geochemical Characterization of Rain Water Particulate Material on a Coastal Sub-Tropical Region in SE: Brazil

Airborne contamination has been of concern for a number of scientist in temperate regions. In the tropics, a very small amount of data is available. In this work, rain water particulate material was monitored in two sites in Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil): the first (Sepetiba), subjected to high inputs of metals from industrial activities and the second (Iguaba), subjected to very mild contamination. Particulate material was obtained by filtration of rain water samples. The filters were analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The results show three important features: 1) the element enrichment patterns could be split into two groups, crustal and anthropogenic derived; 2) uniformity of element loads in rain water particles is observed; 3) enrichment of certain trace elements in airborne particles is probably an important source of contaminants to soils, sediments and the marine environment

Expected distance based on random walks

By considering a graph as a network of resistances, Klein and Randić (J Math Chem 12(1):81–95, 1993) proposed the definition of a distance measure. Indeed, if each edge of the graph represents a resistance of 1 Ω, the equivalent resistance of the graph between each pair of vertices may be used as a distance. Based upon random walks in graphs, Stephenson and Zelen (Soc Netw 11(1):1–37, 1989) built a computational model to find the probability that each edge is used. From a mathematical point of view, both articles are based upon exactly the same model and the link between random walks and the electrical representation was established by Newman (Soc Netw 27(1):39–54, 2005) when defining an alternative to Freeman’s (Sociometry 40:35–41, 1977, Soc Netw 1(3):215–239, 1979) betweenness centrality based upon random walks. In the present paper, the similitude between these two processes is exploited to propose a new random walks based distance measure that may be defined as the expected length of a walk between any pair of vertices. We call it the expected distance and we prove that it is actually a distance. From this new definition, the RW Index is proposed that sums the expected walks lengths between pairs of vertices exactly in the same way as the Wiener index sums the shortest paths distances or the Kirchhoff index sums the equivalent resistances. We compare the three indices and establish the vertex and the edge decompositions for both. We compute some value of the RW index for some families of graphs and conjecture the upper and lower bounds of the RW index.0SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Geochemical Characterization of Rain Water Particulate Material on a Coastal Sub-Tropical Region in SE: Brazil

Airborne contamination has been of concern for a number of scientist in temperate regions. In the tropics, a very small amount of data is available. In this work, rain water particulate material was monitored in two sites in Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil): the first (Sepetiba), subjected to high inputs of metals from industrial activities and the second (Iguaba), subjected to very mild contamination. Particulate material was obtained by filtration of rain water samples. The filters were analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The results show three important features: 1) the element enrichment patterns could be split into two groups, crustal and anthropogenic derived; 2) uniformity of element loads in rain water particles is observed; 3) enrichment of certain trace elements in airborne particles is probably an important source of contaminants to soils, sediments and the marine environment