397 research outputs found
More on integrable structures of superstrings in AdS(4) x CP(3) and AdS(2) x S(2) x T(6) superbackgrounds
In this paper we continue the study, initiated in arXiv:1009.3498 and
arXiv:1104.1793, of the classical integrability of Green-Schwarz superstrings
in AdS(4) x CP(3) and AdS(2) x S(2) x T(6) superbackgrounds whose spectrum
contains non-supercoset worldsheet degrees of freedom corresponding to broken
supersymmetries in the bulk. We derive an explicit expression, to all orders in
the coset fermions and to second order in the non-coset fermions, which extends
the supercoset Lax connection in these backgrounds with terms depending on the
non-coset fermions. An important property of the obtained form of the Lax
connection is that it is invariant under Z_4-transformations of the
superisometry generators and the spectral parameter. This demonstrates that the
contribution of the non-coset fermions does not spoil the Z_4-symmetry of the
super-coset Lax connection which is of crucial importance for the application
of Bethe-ansatz techniques. The expressions describing the AdS(4) x CP(3) and
AdS(2) x S(2) x T(6) superstring sigma--models and their Lax connections have a
very similar form. This is because their amount of target-space supersymmetries
complement each other to 32=24+8, the maximal number of 10d type II
supersymmetries. As a byproduct, this similarity has allowed us to obtain the
form of the geometry of the complete type IIA AdS(2) x S(2) x T(6) superspace
to all orders in the coset fermions and to the second order in the non-coset
ones.Comment: 28 pages; v2: References adde
Evidence for the classical integrability of the complete AdS(4) x CP(3) superstring
We construct a zero-curvature Lax connection in a sub-sector of the
superstring theory on AdS(4) x CP(3) which is not described by the
OSp(6|4)/U(3) x SO(1,3) supercoset sigma-model. In this sub-sector worldsheet
fermions associated to eight broken supersymmetries of the type IIA background
are physical fields. As such, the prescription for the construction of the Lax
connection based on the Z_4-automorphism of the isometry superalgebra OSp(6|4)
does not do the job. So, to construct the Lax connection we have used an
alternative method which nevertheless relies on the isometry of the target
superspace and kappa-symmetry of the Green-Schwarz superstring.Comment: 1+26 pages; v2: minor typos corrected, acknowledgements adde
Classical integrability and quantum aspects of the AdS(3) x S(3) x S(3) x S(1) superstring
In this paper we continue the investigation of aspects of integrability of
the type IIA AdS(3) x S(3) x S(3) x S(1) and AdS(3) x S(3) x T(4) superstrings.
By constructing a one parameter family of flat connections we prove that the
Green-Schwarz string is classically integrable, at least to quadratic order in
fermions, without fixing the kappa-symmetry. We then compare the quantum
dispersion relation, fixed by integrability up to an unknown interpolating
function h(lambda), to explicit one-loop calculations on the string worldsheet.
For AdS(3) x S(3) x S(3) x S(1) the spectrum contains heavy, as well as light
and massless modes, and we find that the one-loop contribution differs
depending on how we treat these modes showing that similar regularization
ambiguities as appeared in AdS(4)/CFT(3) occur also here.Comment: 29 pages; v2: updated references and acknowledgmen
Microbial diversity and biogeochemical cycling in soda lakes
Soda lakes contain high concentrations of sodium carbonates resulting in a stable elevated pH, which provide a unique habitat to a rich diversity of haloalkaliphilic bacteria and archaea. Both cultivation-dependent and -independent methods have aided the identification of key processes and genes in the microbially mediated carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur biogeochemical cycles in soda lakes. In order to survive in this extreme environment, haloalkaliphiles have developed various bioenergetic and structural adaptations to maintain pH homeostasis and intracellular osmotic pressure. The cultivation of a handful of strains has led to the isolation of a number of extremozymes, which allow the cell to perform enzymatic reactions at these extreme conditions. These enzymes potentially contribute to biotechnological applications. In addition, microbial species active in the sulfur cycle can be used for sulfur remediation purposes. Future research should combine both innovative culture methods and state-of-the-art ‘meta-omic’ techniques to gain a comprehensive understanding of the microbes that flourish in these extreme environments and the processes they mediate. Coupling the biogeochemical C, N, and S cycles and identifying where each process takes place on a spatial and temporal scale could unravel the interspecies relationships and thereby reveal more about the ecosystem dynamics of these enigmatic extreme environments
Strings in AdS_4 x CP^3: finite size spectrum vs. Bethe Ansatz
We compute the first curvature corrections to the spectrum of light-cone
gauge type IIA string theory that arise in the expansion of about a plane-wave limit. The resulting spectrum is shown to
match precisely, both in magnitude and degeneration that of the corresponding
solutions of the all-loop Gromov--Vieira Bethe Ansatz. The one-loop dispersion
relation correction is calculated for all the single oscillator states of the
theory, with the level matching condition lifted. It is shown to have all
logarithmic divergences cancelled and to leave only a finite exponentially
suppressed contribution, as shown earlier for light bosons. We argue that there
is no ambiguity in the choice of the regularization for the self-energy sum,
since the regularization applied is the only one preserving unitarity.
Interaction matrices in the full degenerate two-oscillator sector are
calculated and the spectrum of all two light magnon oscillators is completely
determined. The same finite-size corrections, at the order 1/J, where is
the length of the chain, in the two-magnon sector are calculated from the all
loop Bethe Ansatz. The corrections obtained by the two completely different
methods coincide up to the fourth order in . We
conjecture that the equivalence extends to all orders in and to
higher orders in 1/J.Comment: 32 pages. Published version; journal reference adde
On the cubic interactions of massive and partially-massless higher spins in (A)dS
Cubic interactions of massive and partially-massless totally-symmetric
higher-spin fields in any constant-curvature background of dimension greater
than three are investigated. Making use of the ambient-space formalism, the
consistency condition for the traceless and transverse parts of the
parity-invariant interactions is recast into a system of partial differential
equations. The latter can be explicitly solved for given s_1-s_2-s_3 couplings
and the 2-2-2 and 3-3-2 examples are provided in detail for general choices of
the masses. On the other hand, the general solutions for the interactions
involving massive and massless fields are expressed in a compact form as
generating functions of all the consistent couplings. The St\"uckelberg
formulation of the cubic interactions as well as their massless limits are also
analyzed.Comment: 42 pages, 2 tables, LaTex. Comments on two-derivative couplings
involving partially-massless spin-2 fields added, typos corrected, references
added. v2: final version to appear in JHEP. v3: formulae (3.4) and (3.9)
correcte
‘Maintaining balance and harmony’: Javanese perceptions of health and cardiovascular disease
Community intervention programmes to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors within urban communities in developing countries are rare. One possible explanation is the difficulty of designing an intervention that corresponds to the local context and culture
Near BMN dynamics of the AdS(3) x S(3) x S(3) x S(1) superstring
We investigate the type IIA AdS(3) x S(3) x M(4) superstring with M(4)=S(3) x
S(1) or M(4)=T(4). String theory in this background is interesting because of
AdS3/CFT2 and its newly discovered integrable structures. We derive the kappa
symmetry gauge-fixed Green-Schwarz string action to quadratic order in fermions
and quartic order in fields utilizing a near BMN expansion. As a first
consistency check of our results we show that the two point functions are
one-loop finite in dimensional regularization. We then perform a Hamiltonian
analysis where we compare the energy of string states with the predictions of a
set of conjectured Bethe equations. While we find perfect agreement for single
rank one sectors, we find that the product SU(2) x SU(2) sector does not match
unless the Bethe equations decouple completely. We then calculate 2 to 2
bosonic tree-level scattering processes on the string worldsheet and show that
the two-dimensional S-matrix is reflectionless. This might be important due to
the presence of massless worldsheet excitations which are generally not
described by the Bethe equations.Comment: 28 pages; v2: Fixed signs and eq. (B.1), results unchanged, one
reference added; v3: Matches published versio
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